VITAMIN DEFICIENCY DISEASES IN POULTRY EXPLAINED
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Vitamin deficiency diseases in poultry
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VITAMIN DEFICIENCY DISEASES IN POULTRY EXPLAINED
- 1. VITAMIN DEFICIENCY DISEASES IN POULTRY
- 2. Prepared by Dr Muhammad Ashiq Toor DVM , B s c (Zoology) Islamia University of Bahawal Pur (IUB) (2010 – 2015) +92-344-499-7375 +92-300-364-2402 VITAMIN DEFICIENCY DISEASES IN POULTRY
- 3. What is a vitamin??? • A group of organic substances present in minute amount in natural feedstuffs. • Essential for normal metabolism • Insufficient amounts in the diet may cause deficiency diseases.
- 4. Vitamin A Importance • Maintenance • Growth • Reproduction So if no vit.A animal will stop growing and may die.
- 5. Deficiency 1)Eye problems • Watery eyes • Night blindness • Crusty material in the nostrils & eyelids 2) Reduced egg production & hatchability
- 6. Vitamin D Importance • Bone formation • CHO metabolism • Absorption of Ca & P from small intestine
- 7. Deficiency • Soft egg shell • Rickets • Osteomalacia (softening of bones due to deficiency of vit.D or Ca) Beak & claws become soft and pliable • Hypocalcaemia • EOD (endochondral ossification defect) Bone deformation, fractures & lameness
- 8. Leg weekness
- 9. Vitamin E Importance • Muscle structure • Reproduction
- 10. Deficiency • Encephalomalacia (crazy chick disease) Cerebral softening of brain ataxia,disequilibrium,falling on back, twisted neck • Muscular dystrophy Rare in poultry but become severe if both vit.E & sulphur amino acids are deficient in diet
- 13. Vitamin K Importance • Blood clotting • Activation of prothrombin to create Ca binding sites. Deficiency • Reduces prothrombin content of blood • Blood coagulation time increases • Hemorrhage In severe deficiency subcutaneous & internal hemorrhage which can be fatal.
- 15. Vitamin B-Complex B1-Thiamine Importance • Conversion of pyruvate to acetate • CHO metabolism Deficiency • Polyneuritis (muscle paralysis) • Adrenal gland hypertrophy that results in tissue edema (particularly in skin) • Atrophy of genital organs • Inadequate thiamin to the breeder flock will result in high mortality of embryos prior to hatch & chicks that hatch express polyneuritis This is because that hen transfer thiamin to the egg in proportion to dietary content.
- 17. Vitamin B-2 Riboflavin Importance • CHO & protein metabolism • Most likely to be deficient in swine & poultry Deficiency • Decreased growth rate • Lower feed efficiency • Curled toe paralysis
- 19. Niacin Importance • Energy metabolism • Enhance protein synthesis Deficiency • Dermatitis (poor feathering) • Severe metabolic disorder in skin & digestive organs • Leg problems • Black tongue (rare in poultry)
- 21. Vitamin B-6 Pyridoxine Importance • Protein metabolism • RBC formation Deficiency • Retarded growth • Dermatitis • Epileptic like convulsions • Anemia & partial alopecia
- 23. Pentothenic acid Importance • Metabolic role in forming vit.A Deficiency • Poor feathering • Conjunctivitis • Subcutaneous hemorrhage & severe edema
- 25. Biotin Importance • CHO & fat metabolism Deficiency • Poor growth • Dermatitis & cracks in feet • Hair loss
- 27. Folic Acid • Synthesis of hemoglobin • Related to B-12 metabolism • Deficiency diseases are almost same as biotin(reduced growth & poor feathering etc)
- 28. Vitamin B-12 • Synthesis of hemoglobin along with folic acid • Deficiency causes nervous disorders, poor feathering & leg weakness.
- 29. Vitamin C • Poultry are able to synthesize vit.c • So no need for supplementation But the synthesis may be slow down due to some 1)Stress condition 2)Extreme temperature 3)Vaccination So this stress induced deficiency of vit.c may cause’’Field rickets’’ in poultry.