This document defines and describes malnutrition. It notes that malnutrition refers to both undernutrition and overnutrition, occurring from not getting enough nutrients or getting too many. Undernutrition results in problems with physical and mental development. Overnutrition can lead to overweight and obesity. The main types of malnutrition are protein-energy malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. Protein-energy malnutrition includes marasmus from lack of calories and kwashiorkor from lack of protein, both causing growth issues. Micronutrient deficiencies lack vitamins and minerals. Malnutrition prevention strategies include education, immunization, screening high-risk groups, and nutritional rehabilitation.

2. Definition
 Malnutrition is the cellular imbalance between the
supply of nutrients and energy and the body’s demand
for them to ensure growth, maintanance and special
functions.
 Malnutrition generally refers both undernutrition and
overnutrition i.e eating diet either not enough or too
much.

3. Undernutrition
 Undernutrition results from not getting sufficient
proteins, calories or micronutrients.
 It occurs during pregancy , or before two years of age.
 It may results in permanent problems with physical
and mental development.

4. Overnutrition
 Overnutrition results from overconsumption of certain
nutrients, such as protein, calories, or fat can also leads
to malnutrition.
 This results in overweight or obesity.

5. Types of malnutrition
Protein-energy malnutrition
Micronutrient deficiency

6. Protein- energy malnutrition
Type Appearance cause
Actute malnutrition
eg: marasmus
wasting or thickness
Rapid weight loss or
failure to gain weight
normally
chronic malnutrition
eg: kwashiorkor
stunting or shortness leads to failure of inner
growth
acute and chronic
malnutrition
underweight
Combination measure
result of both wasting,
stunting or both

7. Protein-energy malnutrition

8. Protein energy malnutrition can be seen in
Marasmus: marasmus is the condition in which
the body does not get adequate amouts of nutrients
and calories.
 Marasmus is the acute malnutrition.
 Marasmus causes growth retardation , chronic
diarrhea, respiratory infections.

9. marasmus

10. Protein energy malnutrition
Kwashiorkor: kwashiorkor is also known
“edematous malnutrition” it is a nutritional disorder
caused by lack of protein in the diet or stress of
infection, burns, traumatic injury or diseases.
 Kwashiorkor is a chronic malnutrition.

11. kwashiorkor

12. Micro nutrient malnutrition
 Micro nutrient malnutrition is a term used to
refer to diseases caused by dietary deficiency of
minerals.
 Lack of vitamin A, B, C, D, calcium, falate, iodine,
zinc,selenium.

13.  According to 2008 everyday more than 6000
children below the age of five die in india. More
than half of the deaths caused by malnutrition.
Mainly lack of vitamin A , iron, iodine, zinc,
folicacid.

14. causes
 After ther world war 2 a new international politico
economic came into being which was later described
as “EMBEDDED LIBERALISM”
 The united nations has three agencies that work to
promote food security and agricultural development:
food and agriculture organisation(FAO), world food
program(WFP), international fund for agricultural
development(IFAD)

15. 2000S
 In 2007 and 2008, rapidly increasing food prices caused
a global food crisis, increases the number suffering from
hunger by over a hundred million. The International Crops
Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), a
member of the CGIAR consortium, partners with farmers,
governments, researchers and NGOs to help farmers grow
nutritious crops, such
as chickpea, groundnut, pigeonpea, millet and sorghum.

16. Causes of malnutrition

18. Effects of malnutrition

19. Symptoms of malnutrition

20. Prevention
 Primary prevention
 healthy education to mothers about good nutrition and food
hygiene
 Immunization of children
 Secondary prevention
 Mass screening of high risk populations using simple tools like
weight of age

21. Teritiary prevention
 Good nutritional care, supplementary feedings and
rehabilitation, counselling of mothers

24. Thank you