The document discusses nutrition, diet therapy, and malnutrition. It defines nutrition as the study of food and how the body uses it. It also defines malnutrition as an imbalance in the body caused by a lack or excess of nutrients. The document identifies several forms of malnutrition including undernutrition, overnutrition, specific deficiencies, and imbalance. It also discusses protein deficiency and the conditions of kwashiorkor and marasmus which can result from inadequate protein intake. The causes and effects of malnutrition in the Philippines are outlined along with factors that influence food production, distribution, and utilization.

1. NUTRITION DIET THERAPY
GROUP 1

2. NUTRITION
-is the study of food and how the body makes use of it.
NUTRIENTS
-are chemical substance found in food.
Roles:
-to provide heat and energy.
-to build and repair body tissue and to regulate body
processes.
FOOD
-is anything which when taken and digested nourishes the
body; vital need which man cannot live.

3. BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)
• Is the ratio of weight to the height.
FORMULA:
BMI = weight in kg / (height in meters) 2
Note: Body weight and
height should be
measured without shoes.

4. MALNUTRITION
Poor Nutritional Status

5. Definition:
When there is a lack of, or excess intake of one or more
nutrients and/or faulty utilization of nutrients in our body, it
leads to the state of imbalance in the body.

6. MULTI-FACTOR CAUSES MALNUTRITION
1. FOOD PRODUCTION is mainly responsive to such factors
as labor and agricultural inputs such as land and capital.
Thus consumption is dependent primarily upon the volume of food a
country produces and can be made available to the population.
2. FOOD DISTRIBUTION is greatly affected by economic,
demographic and cultural food factors as well as available
health and nutrition service.
Thus consumption is dependent on the manner by which food is
distributed within it is absorbed and utilized by the body.

7. 3. FOOD UTILIZATION is influenced by psychological
differences, level of activity, infection and presence of parasites.
Thus consumption of food is dependent on the manner by which it is absorbed
and utilized by the body.
CAUSES OF MALNUTRITION IN THE PHILIPPINES
1. Poverty
2. Faulty food intake
3. Poor distribution of food supply
4. Large family size
5. Low level of education among household member
6. Wide spread incidence of infectious diseases and parasitism due to poor
sanitation.

8. EFFECTS OF MALNUTRITION
1. Increases susceptibility to infection.
2. Inhibits mental development.
3. Imposes heavy social and economic burdens.

9. Forms of Malnutrition:
• Under nutrition –the condition of health of a person that
results due to the lack of one or more nutrients.
• Over nutrition –when there is an excess intake of
nutrients.
• Specific Deficiency –is a pathological state resulting from
a relative or absolute lack of an individual nutrient. (e.g,
Vitamin A deficiency and Iron deficiency)
• Imbalance –is a pathological state resulting from
disproportion among essential nutrients, with or without
absolute deficiency of any nutrients.

10. Types of Malnutrition:
• Acute Malnutrition –is related to the present state of
nutrition, e.g, weight loss and low weight-for-height and
normal height-for-age.
• Chronic Malnutrition –is related to past state of nutrition,
e.g, stunting or nutritional dwarfism and low weight-for-
height and low height-for-age.
• Primary Malnutrition –is caused by lack or unavailability
of food. It is also referred to as dietary malnutrition.
• Secondary Malnutrition –is caused y certain conditioning
factors other than food alone. It is also referred to as
conditioned malnutrition.

11. PROTEIN DEFICIENCY

12. KWASHIORKOR
-it is a syndrome of several protein malnutrition caused by
inadequate intake of good quality proteins.
-"the disease of the deposed baby when the next one is born“ or
Sickness of the older child when the next baby is born.
-comes after breastfeeding stops and child is weaned into a starchy
diet.

13. MARASMUS
-result from a diet severely lacking in calories, thus diet is also low
in protein, fats and carbohydrates.
-a Greek word meaning “wasting”
-wizened old man’s face or “monkey” face.
-due to inadequate breastfeeding or improper (diluted) milk
formulas.

15. SOURCES:
• Kozier Book
• Basic Nutrition and Diet Therapy

16. VIDEO PRESENTATION