Male reproductive system
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The male reproductive system ensures the continuation of species. The testes are the primary sex organs that produce sperm through spermatogenesis. Spermatogenesis is the process by which sperm are formed from primitive germ cells in the testes over 74 days. It occurs in four stages: proliferation, growth, maturation, and transformation. The testes also secrete male sex hormones called androgens, including testosterone. Testosterone is responsible for masculine physical traits and plays an important role in fetal development and adult sexual maturation.
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Testosterone Hormone
Testosterone is the primary sex hormone and anabolic steroid in males. In male humans, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as testes and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair.
Testosterone is a sex hormone that plays important roles in the body. In men, it's thought to regulate sex drive (libido), bone mass, fat distribution, muscle mass and strength, and the production of red blood cells and sperm. A small amount of circulating testosterone is converted to estradiol, a form of estrogen.
If a male has a low level of testosterone, the symptoms can include erectile dysfunction, and reduced bone mass and sex drive. The hormone has many important functions, including: the development of the bones and muscles. the deepening of the voice, hair growth, and other factors related to appearance.
Men with high testosterone can experience a variety of troubling symptoms and possible health consequences. Excess testosterone can lead to more aggressive and irritable behavior, more acne and oily skin, even worse sleep apnea (if you already have it), and an increase in muscle mass.
Formation&Development Of Reproductive System
The document summarizes key aspects of human reproduction, including:
1) Sexual reproduction involves the combination of genes from two individuals through sexual intercourse, increasing genetic variation and the chances of species survival.
2) Sex determination is based on whether a zygote inherits an X or Y chromosome from the sperm. Males have XY and females have XX.
3) The development of testes or ovaries in early development depends on the presence or absence of testis-determining factor on the Y chromosome.
4) Sex hormones direct the development of external and internal reproductive structures during development.
Adrenal sex hormones
The adrenal cortex secretes small amounts of sex hormones called adrenal androgens, including dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone. In normal conditions these have little physiological effect, but excess secretion due to tumors or congenital conditions can cause masculinization in females known as adrenal virilism or adrenogenital syndrome. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is caused by enzyme deficiencies that reduce cortisol production while increasing adrenal androgen secretion, virilizing females and causing precocious puberty in males. Hyperaldosteronism describes increased aldosterone secretion, which can be primary due to adrenal tumors or secondary to other conditions, resulting in hypertension, hypokalemia, and
Anatomy and Physiology of Male reproductive system
The male reproductive system includes the penis, scrotum, testes, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate, and seminal vesicles. The penis and the urethra are part of the urinary and reproductive systems.
Progesterone functions and applications
Progesterone is a steroid hormone produced in the corpus luteum, placenta, testes, and adrenal cortex that plays several key roles in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. It causes development of the uterine lining after ovulation, increases basal body temperature, and supports a successful pregnancy by decreasing the mother's immune response and triggering labor when levels drop. Low progesterone can cause issues like infertility, depression, and menstrual problems, while high levels may lead to headaches and moodiness. Progesterone therapy has been shown to help treat various conditions by its anti-inflammatory, blood thinning, and neuroprotective effects.
Female Reproductive System
The document discusses the female reproductive system. It defines embryology and outlines the external and internal genital parts of the female reproductive system. It describes menstruation and the phases of the menstrual cycle. It also discusses disorders of the female reproductive system and treatments. Key parts of the system include the ovaries, uterus, vagina, and Fallopian tubes. The external genitalia include the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and vestibule. Menstruation occurs in cycles and shows signs of puberty in females.
3rd week of human development
During the third week of development, gastrulation occurs where the three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) are formed. The notochord also begins developing from epiblast cells that ingress through the primitive streak and primitive node. These cells form the notochordal process which then fuses with endoderm and detaches to form the definitive notochord cord between the ectoderm and endoderm. The mesoderm organizes into three segments - paraxial, intermediate, and lateral plate mesoderm - which will give rise to muscles, skeleton, urinary/genital systems, and other tissues.
spermatogenesis Reeshma.PPT
Spermatogenesis is the process by which male germ cells develop into mature sperm cells. It begins at puberty and continues throughout a man's life. The process occurs in the testes and epididymis. In the testes, spermatogonia undergo mitosis and meiosis to form haploid spermatids. Spermatids then undergo spermiogenesis to form mature sperm, acquiring motility and other structures. Hormones like FSH, LH and testosterone regulate spermatogenesis, which produces several hundred million sperm daily.
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Testosterone Hormone
Testosterone is the primary sex hormone and anabolic steroid in males. In male humans, testosterone plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as testes and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass, and the growth of body hair.
Testosterone is a sex hormone that plays important roles in the body. In men, it's thought to regulate sex drive (libido), bone mass, fat distribution, muscle mass and strength, and the production of red blood cells and sperm. A small amount of circulating testosterone is converted to estradiol, a form of estrogen.
If a male has a low level of testosterone, the symptoms can include erectile dysfunction, and reduced bone mass and sex drive. The hormone has many important functions, including: the development of the bones and muscles. the deepening of the voice, hair growth, and other factors related to appearance.
Men with high testosterone can experience a variety of troubling symptoms and possible health consequences. Excess testosterone can lead to more aggressive and irritable behavior, more acne and oily skin, even worse sleep apnea (if you already have it), and an increase in muscle mass.
Formation&Development Of Reproductive System
The document summarizes key aspects of human reproduction, including:
1) Sexual reproduction involves the combination of genes from two individuals through sexual intercourse, increasing genetic variation and the chances of species survival.
2) Sex determination is based on whether a zygote inherits an X or Y chromosome from the sperm. Males have XY and females have XX.
3) The development of testes or ovaries in early development depends on the presence or absence of testis-determining factor on the Y chromosome.
4) Sex hormones direct the development of external and internal reproductive structures during development.
Adrenal sex hormones
The adrenal cortex secretes small amounts of sex hormones called adrenal androgens, including dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone. In normal conditions these have little physiological effect, but excess secretion due to tumors or congenital conditions can cause masculinization in females known as adrenal virilism or adrenogenital syndrome. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is caused by enzyme deficiencies that reduce cortisol production while increasing adrenal androgen secretion, virilizing females and causing precocious puberty in males. Hyperaldosteronism describes increased aldosterone secretion, which can be primary due to adrenal tumors or secondary to other conditions, resulting in hypertension, hypokalemia, and
Anatomy and Physiology of Male reproductive system
The male reproductive system includes the penis, scrotum, testes, epididymis, vas deferens, prostate, and seminal vesicles. The penis and the urethra are part of the urinary and reproductive systems.
Progesterone functions and applications
Progesterone is a steroid hormone produced in the corpus luteum, placenta, testes, and adrenal cortex that plays several key roles in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy. It causes development of the uterine lining after ovulation, increases basal body temperature, and supports a successful pregnancy by decreasing the mother's immune response and triggering labor when levels drop. Low progesterone can cause issues like infertility, depression, and menstrual problems, while high levels may lead to headaches and moodiness. Progesterone therapy has been shown to help treat various conditions by its anti-inflammatory, blood thinning, and neuroprotective effects.
Female Reproductive System
The document discusses the female reproductive system. It defines embryology and outlines the external and internal genital parts of the female reproductive system. It describes menstruation and the phases of the menstrual cycle. It also discusses disorders of the female reproductive system and treatments. Key parts of the system include the ovaries, uterus, vagina, and Fallopian tubes. The external genitalia include the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and vestibule. Menstruation occurs in cycles and shows signs of puberty in females.
3rd week of human development
During the third week of development, gastrulation occurs where the three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) are formed. The notochord also begins developing from epiblast cells that ingress through the primitive streak and primitive node. These cells form the notochordal process which then fuses with endoderm and detaches to form the definitive notochord cord between the ectoderm and endoderm. The mesoderm organizes into three segments - paraxial, intermediate, and lateral plate mesoderm - which will give rise to muscles, skeleton, urinary/genital systems, and other tissues.
spermatogenesis Reeshma.PPT
Spermatogenesis is the process by which male germ cells develop into mature sperm cells. It begins at puberty and continues throughout a man's life. The process occurs in the testes and epididymis. In the testes, spermatogonia undergo mitosis and meiosis to form haploid spermatids. Spermatids then undergo spermiogenesis to form mature sperm, acquiring motility and other structures. Hormones like FSH, LH and testosterone regulate spermatogenesis, which produces several hundred million sperm daily.
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Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements. Plasma contains water, proteins, glucose, salts, and other nutrients. Formed elements include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Hemostasis involves platelet plug formation and coagulation to prevent blood loss from damaged vessels. It is carefully regulated to maintain blood fluidity. The ABO blood group system involves antigens on red blood cells and antibodies in plasma. Compatible blood types are required for safe transfusions and pregnancies.
Ovarian hormones-Estrogen & Progesterone
Estrogen and progesterone are the two main ovarian hormones. Estrogen is produced primarily in the ovaries and stimulates the development of female reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics. It also regulates the female estrus cycle. Progesterone is produced in the ovaries and placenta during pregnancy. It prepares the uterus for pregnancy and maintains pregnancy by supporting embryo development. Both hormones work together to regulate the female reproductive system.
3rd week of development and derivatives of germ
During the third week of development, the bilaminar embryonic disk transforms into a trilaminar structure through the process of gastrulation. The primitive streak forms and epiblast cells migrate through it to form the mesoderm germ layer. Neurulation also occurs as the neural plate forms and folds in on itself to become the neural tube. This establishes the basis for the nervous system. By the end of the third week, the three germ layers—ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm—have formed and begun developing into tissues and organs.
Embryology Lecture 3 spermatogenesis
Spermatogenesis is the process by which sperm cells are produced in the testes in males. It involves the transformation of spermatogonia into mature sperm through two stages: spermatocytogenesis where primordial germ cells develop into spermatids, and spermiogenesis where spermatids are transformed into mature sperm. In humans, it takes approximately 74 days to complete and produces around 300 million sperm cells daily. Oogenesis is the similar process that occurs in females within the ovaries to produce eggs.
I week of development
1) The document discusses the key stages in the first week of human development including fertilization, cleavage, formation of the morula and blastocyst, and implantation.
2) Fertilization involves the fusion of an ovum and spermatozoa to form a zygote, which occurs in the fallopian tube. The zygote then undergoes cleavage divisions as it moves through the uterine tube.
3) By day 5-6, the blastocyst has formed with an inner cell mass and outer trophoblast layer. The blastocyst implants in the endometrium around day 7, initiating formation of the placenta and decidua. Abnormal implantation can result in
I week of development
1) The document discusses the key stages in the first week of human development including fertilization, cleavage, formation of the morula and blastocyst, and implantation.
2) Fertilization involves the fusion of an ovum and spermatozoa to form a zygote, which occurs in the fallopian tube. The zygote then undergoes cleavage divisions as it moves through the uterine tube.
3) By day 5-6, the blastocyst has formed with an inner cell mass and outer trophoblast layer. Around day 7, the blastocyst implants in the uterine lining, initiating formation of the placenta and decidua. Abnormal implantation can result in ect
Fertilization (General Embryology)
Fertilization is the process where a sperm unites with an ovum. It typically occurs in the ampullary part of the uterine tube. The sperm undergoes changes including capacitation, the acrosomal reaction, and fusion of the nuclei. This results in the formation of a zygote with a full diploid chromosome number. The zygote then undergoes cleavage as it is transported through the uterine tube, dividing into a 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell stage and so on over 3 days as it forms a morula.
Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, is a pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain that is known as the "master gland" because it controls many other glands. It produces hormones that stimulate cell growth and the growth of muscles and bones. The pituitary gland is divided into two lobes - the anterior pituitary produces and releases hormones that control chemical and metabolic processes and growth, while the posterior pituitary stores and releases hormones that regulate water balance and stimulate growth and maturation of the gonads.
Sex hormones
This document discusses sex hormones, specifically estrogens. It notes that estrogens are synthesized in the ovaries and other reproductive organs. The three main types of estrogens are estrone, estradiol, and estriol. Estradiol is the most potent estrogen and plays important roles in sexual development and differentiation between males and females. The document provides details on the structure, biosynthesis, metabolism, and effects of estrogens on various body systems.
Menstrual cycle
This document summarizes the female menstrual cycle. It describes that the menstrual cycle occurs over 28 days in the female reproductive system. It involves changes in the ovaries and uterus. In the ovaries, a follicle develops and then ruptures to release an egg (ovulation). If the egg is fertilized, the corpus luteum forms and secretes hormones to support pregnancy. If not fertilized, the corpus luteum breaks down, hormones decrease, and the uterine lining sheds through menstruation. The cycle then begins again with follicle development. Menarche begins the cycles at puberty and menopause ends them in older age.
Adrenal gland
The adrenal glands are essential endocrine glands that secrete hormones that regulate fluid balance and the body's stress response. They consist of the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. The adrenal cortex secretes corticosteroids including mineralocorticoids like aldosterone and glucocorticoids like cortisol. Aldosterone regulates sodium and potassium levels in the body to control blood pressure and volume. Cortisol regulates carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism and helps the body respond to stress. Dysfunction of the adrenal cortex can cause hypo- or hypersecretion of hormones with signs and symptoms like hypertension, hypokalemia, and adrenal crisis.
Menstruation cycle
The menstrual cycle is a 28-day cycle that involves changes in the ovaries and uterus, regulated by hormones from the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries. It includes a follicular phase where follicles in the ovaries mature, an ovulation phase where an egg is released, and a luteal phase where the corpus luteum forms and progesterone is produced. If fertilization does not occur, progesterone and estrogen levels decrease, causing the uterus to shed its lining and result in menstruation.
Ovulation, fertilization, implantation (1 st week
The document discusses the processes of ovulation, fertilization, and implantation. It explains that ovulation is triggered by hormones like LH and FSH, leading to the release of an egg. If fertilization by sperm occurs, the fertilized egg undergoes cell division and develops into a blastocyst over a week. The blastocyst then implants in the uterus by attaching to the endometrial lining with the help of hormonal changes brought on by the corpus luteum.
PHYSIOLOGY OFCONTRACEPTION
This document discusses various methods of contraception in males and females. It begins by classifying contraceptive methods as either spacing methods, which are temporary, or terminal methods, which are permanent. In females, spacing methods include natural family planning, barrier methods like condoms, chemical contraceptives like oral pills, and intrauterine devices. Terminal methods for females include tubal ligation. For males, spacing methods consist of natural family planning, condoms, and chemical methods, while vasectomy is the terminal option. The document provides details on mechanisms of action and advantages and disadvantages of the major contraceptive methods.
Anatomy & Histology of ovary and Oogenesis
This document summarizes oogenesis and the histology of the ovary. It describes the stages of oogenesis from primordial follicle to mature ovum. It also details the histological structures of the ovary including the cortex, medulla, and the stages of follicle development from primordial to graafian follicle. Finally, it provides an overview of the histology of other female reproductive structures like the uterine tube, uterus, cervix, and placenta.
Pregnancy and parturition
This presentation outlines the vocabulary associated with livestock reproduction, specifically during pregnancy. It also outlines a human's developmental milestones in the womb.
Anatomy & Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
This document provides an overview of the male reproductive system. It describes both the external structures, which include the penis and scrotum, and the internal structures, which are the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, and accessory sex glands including the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands. The testes produce both sperm and the hormone testosterone. Sperm mature as they pass through the epididymis and are stored in the vas deferens until ejaculation. The accessory glands secrete fluids that nourish the sperm and form the bulk of the semen.
Erythropoiesis
This document defines and describes the process of erythropoiesis, or red blood cell formation. It outlines the stages of development from pleuripotent stem cell to mature red blood cell over 7-9 days. Key stages include proerythroblast, basophilic erythroblast, polychromic erythroblast, and reticulocyte. Erythropoiesis occurs primarily in red bone marrow and is regulated by factors like erythropoietin and oxygen levels to maintain normal red blood cell counts.
Anatomy of female reproductive organs
The female reproductive system has external and internal organs that work together for reproduction. The external organs include the vulva, which contains the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening. The internal organs include the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and cervix. During ovulation, an egg travels from the ovaries to the uterus through the fallopian tubes. If fertilized by sperm, it may implant in the uterus. The placenta then develops to nourish an embryo. Hormones regulate the menstrual cycle of the uterine lining shedding if no implantation occurs.
Oogenesis female reproductive system hormone signaling in female
This presentation is used for high school anatomy and physiology students to (re)introduce oogenesis and female reproductive anatomy and physiology.
Male reproductive system by Pandian M, tutor, Dept of Physiology, DYPMCKOP,MH
Male reproductive functions
The male reproductive tract
Sagittal segments of testes and epididymis
Adolescence
General Physical Changes
Stages of spermatogenesis
Structure of the human spermatozoon.
Pathway for the passage of sperms
Semen
Composition & function
Capacitation
Factors affecting spermatogenesis
Hormones necessary for spermatogenesis
Functions of testosterone
Disorders of sexual development / applied
A Chapter 9 - Reprodactive Physiology.pptx
The document discusses reproductive physiology in males and females. It describes the male reproductive system including testes, ducts, glands and penis. Spermatogenesis occurs in the testes, stimulated by hormones. Sperm mature in the epididymis and are stored in the vas deferens. During ejaculation, sperm and secretions from accessory glands are expelled. The female reproductive system includes ovaries and reproductive tract. Oogenesis occurs in ovaries and ovulation releases eggs. The ovaries also secrete hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
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Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements. Plasma contains water, proteins, glucose, salts, and other nutrients. Formed elements include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Hemostasis involves platelet plug formation and coagulation to prevent blood loss from damaged vessels. It is carefully regulated to maintain blood fluidity. The ABO blood group system involves antigens on red blood cells and antibodies in plasma. Compatible blood types are required for safe transfusions and pregnancies.
Ovarian hormones-Estrogen & Progesterone
Estrogen and progesterone are the two main ovarian hormones. Estrogen is produced primarily in the ovaries and stimulates the development of female reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics. It also regulates the female estrus cycle. Progesterone is produced in the ovaries and placenta during pregnancy. It prepares the uterus for pregnancy and maintains pregnancy by supporting embryo development. Both hormones work together to regulate the female reproductive system.
3rd week of development and derivatives of germ
During the third week of development, the bilaminar embryonic disk transforms into a trilaminar structure through the process of gastrulation. The primitive streak forms and epiblast cells migrate through it to form the mesoderm germ layer. Neurulation also occurs as the neural plate forms and folds in on itself to become the neural tube. This establishes the basis for the nervous system. By the end of the third week, the three germ layers—ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm—have formed and begun developing into tissues and organs.
Embryology Lecture 3 spermatogenesis
Spermatogenesis is the process by which sperm cells are produced in the testes in males. It involves the transformation of spermatogonia into mature sperm through two stages: spermatocytogenesis where primordial germ cells develop into spermatids, and spermiogenesis where spermatids are transformed into mature sperm. In humans, it takes approximately 74 days to complete and produces around 300 million sperm cells daily. Oogenesis is the similar process that occurs in females within the ovaries to produce eggs.
I week of development
1) The document discusses the key stages in the first week of human development including fertilization, cleavage, formation of the morula and blastocyst, and implantation.
2) Fertilization involves the fusion of an ovum and spermatozoa to form a zygote, which occurs in the fallopian tube. The zygote then undergoes cleavage divisions as it moves through the uterine tube.
3) By day 5-6, the blastocyst has formed with an inner cell mass and outer trophoblast layer. The blastocyst implants in the endometrium around day 7, initiating formation of the placenta and decidua. Abnormal implantation can result in
I week of development
1) The document discusses the key stages in the first week of human development including fertilization, cleavage, formation of the morula and blastocyst, and implantation.
2) Fertilization involves the fusion of an ovum and spermatozoa to form a zygote, which occurs in the fallopian tube. The zygote then undergoes cleavage divisions as it moves through the uterine tube.
3) By day 5-6, the blastocyst has formed with an inner cell mass and outer trophoblast layer. Around day 7, the blastocyst implants in the uterine lining, initiating formation of the placenta and decidua. Abnormal implantation can result in ect
Fertilization (General Embryology)
Fertilization is the process where a sperm unites with an ovum. It typically occurs in the ampullary part of the uterine tube. The sperm undergoes changes including capacitation, the acrosomal reaction, and fusion of the nuclei. This results in the formation of a zygote with a full diploid chromosome number. The zygote then undergoes cleavage as it is transported through the uterine tube, dividing into a 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell stage and so on over 3 days as it forms a morula.
Pituitary Gland
The pituitary gland, also known as the hypophysis, is a pea-sized gland located at the base of the brain that is known as the "master gland" because it controls many other glands. It produces hormones that stimulate cell growth and the growth of muscles and bones. The pituitary gland is divided into two lobes - the anterior pituitary produces and releases hormones that control chemical and metabolic processes and growth, while the posterior pituitary stores and releases hormones that regulate water balance and stimulate growth and maturation of the gonads.
Sex hormones
This document discusses sex hormones, specifically estrogens. It notes that estrogens are synthesized in the ovaries and other reproductive organs. The three main types of estrogens are estrone, estradiol, and estriol. Estradiol is the most potent estrogen and plays important roles in sexual development and differentiation between males and females. The document provides details on the structure, biosynthesis, metabolism, and effects of estrogens on various body systems.
Menstrual cycle
This document summarizes the female menstrual cycle. It describes that the menstrual cycle occurs over 28 days in the female reproductive system. It involves changes in the ovaries and uterus. In the ovaries, a follicle develops and then ruptures to release an egg (ovulation). If the egg is fertilized, the corpus luteum forms and secretes hormones to support pregnancy. If not fertilized, the corpus luteum breaks down, hormones decrease, and the uterine lining sheds through menstruation. The cycle then begins again with follicle development. Menarche begins the cycles at puberty and menopause ends them in older age.
Adrenal gland
The adrenal glands are essential endocrine glands that secrete hormones that regulate fluid balance and the body's stress response. They consist of the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla. The adrenal cortex secretes corticosteroids including mineralocorticoids like aldosterone and glucocorticoids like cortisol. Aldosterone regulates sodium and potassium levels in the body to control blood pressure and volume. Cortisol regulates carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism and helps the body respond to stress. Dysfunction of the adrenal cortex can cause hypo- or hypersecretion of hormones with signs and symptoms like hypertension, hypokalemia, and adrenal crisis.
Menstruation cycle
The menstrual cycle is a 28-day cycle that involves changes in the ovaries and uterus, regulated by hormones from the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries. It includes a follicular phase where follicles in the ovaries mature, an ovulation phase where an egg is released, and a luteal phase where the corpus luteum forms and progesterone is produced. If fertilization does not occur, progesterone and estrogen levels decrease, causing the uterus to shed its lining and result in menstruation.
Ovulation, fertilization, implantation (1 st week
The document discusses the processes of ovulation, fertilization, and implantation. It explains that ovulation is triggered by hormones like LH and FSH, leading to the release of an egg. If fertilization by sperm occurs, the fertilized egg undergoes cell division and develops into a blastocyst over a week. The blastocyst then implants in the uterus by attaching to the endometrial lining with the help of hormonal changes brought on by the corpus luteum.
PHYSIOLOGY OFCONTRACEPTION
This document discusses various methods of contraception in males and females. It begins by classifying contraceptive methods as either spacing methods, which are temporary, or terminal methods, which are permanent. In females, spacing methods include natural family planning, barrier methods like condoms, chemical contraceptives like oral pills, and intrauterine devices. Terminal methods for females include tubal ligation. For males, spacing methods consist of natural family planning, condoms, and chemical methods, while vasectomy is the terminal option. The document provides details on mechanisms of action and advantages and disadvantages of the major contraceptive methods.
Anatomy & Histology of ovary and Oogenesis
This document summarizes oogenesis and the histology of the ovary. It describes the stages of oogenesis from primordial follicle to mature ovum. It also details the histological structures of the ovary including the cortex, medulla, and the stages of follicle development from primordial to graafian follicle. Finally, it provides an overview of the histology of other female reproductive structures like the uterine tube, uterus, cervix, and placenta.
Pregnancy and parturition
This presentation outlines the vocabulary associated with livestock reproduction, specifically during pregnancy. It also outlines a human's developmental milestones in the womb.
Anatomy & Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
This document provides an overview of the male reproductive system. It describes both the external structures, which include the penis and scrotum, and the internal structures, which are the testes, epididymis, vas deferens, and accessory sex glands including the seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands. The testes produce both sperm and the hormone testosterone. Sperm mature as they pass through the epididymis and are stored in the vas deferens until ejaculation. The accessory glands secrete fluids that nourish the sperm and form the bulk of the semen.
Erythropoiesis
This document defines and describes the process of erythropoiesis, or red blood cell formation. It outlines the stages of development from pleuripotent stem cell to mature red blood cell over 7-9 days. Key stages include proerythroblast, basophilic erythroblast, polychromic erythroblast, and reticulocyte. Erythropoiesis occurs primarily in red bone marrow and is regulated by factors like erythropoietin and oxygen levels to maintain normal red blood cell counts.
Anatomy of female reproductive organs
The female reproductive system has external and internal organs that work together for reproduction. The external organs include the vulva, which contains the labia, clitoris, and vaginal opening. The internal organs include the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and cervix. During ovulation, an egg travels from the ovaries to the uterus through the fallopian tubes. If fertilized by sperm, it may implant in the uterus. The placenta then develops to nourish an embryo. Hormones regulate the menstrual cycle of the uterine lining shedding if no implantation occurs.
Oogenesis female reproductive system hormone signaling in female
This presentation is used for high school anatomy and physiology students to (re)introduce oogenesis and female reproductive anatomy and physiology.
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Anatomy & Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
Anatomy & Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
Oogenesis female reproductive system hormone signaling in female
Oogenesis female reproductive system hormone signaling in female
Similar to Male reproductive system
Male reproductive system by Pandian M, tutor, Dept of Physiology, DYPMCKOP,MH
Male reproductive functions
The male reproductive tract
Sagittal segments of testes and epididymis
Adolescence
General Physical Changes
Stages of spermatogenesis
Structure of the human spermatozoon.
Pathway for the passage of sperms
Semen
Composition & function
Capacitation
Factors affecting spermatogenesis
Hormones necessary for spermatogenesis
Functions of testosterone
Disorders of sexual development / applied
A Chapter 9 - Reprodactive Physiology.pptx
The document discusses reproductive physiology in males and females. It describes the male reproductive system including testes, ducts, glands and penis. Spermatogenesis occurs in the testes, stimulated by hormones. Sperm mature in the epididymis and are stored in the vas deferens. During ejaculation, sperm and secretions from accessory glands are expelled. The female reproductive system includes ovaries and reproductive tract. Oogenesis occurs in ovaries and ovulation releases eggs. The ovaries also secrete hormones like estrogen and progesterone.
Male reproductive physiology
Male reproductive functions include spermatogenesis (formation of sperm), sexual acts, and regulation by hormones. Spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules and takes around 74 days, involving the transformation of spermatogonia into spermatozoa. Testosterone produced in the testes initiates male development and drives physiological changes during puberty like increased muscle and bone growth, body hair growth, and voice deepening. Infertility in males can result from low sperm counts, abnormal sperm morphology, obstructions in the reproductive ducts, or disorders of the testes, pituitary, or hypothalamus.
GAMETOGENESIS.pptx
Gametogenesis is the process by which haploid gametes are formed from diploid germ cells through cell division and maturation. It occurs in four phases: primordial germ cell formation, mitotic proliferation, meiosis, and gamete maturation. In males (spermatogenesis), it occurs in the testes and produces sperm through spermatogonial mitosis and spermatocyte meiosis. In females (oogenesis), it occurs in the ovaries and arrests at two points during meiotic prophase I to produce ova.
BIO420 Chapter 06
1) Sex determination in mammals is primarily determined by the XY sex determination system, with females having XX and males having XY. The SRY gene on the Y chromosome causes the development of testes.
2) The gonads are initially bipotential but develop into either ovaries or testes based on the sex chromosomes. Testes secrete AMH and testosterone to direct male development while ovaries secrete estrogens for female development.
3) Gametogenesis includes the process of meiosis which produces haploid gametes from diploid germ cells in the gonads. In females, oogenesis begins in the embryo but arrests until puberty while spermatogenesis only occurs at puberty in males.
Male & female reproductive system
The reproductive systems of males and females ensure the continuation of species through the production of gametes and sex hormones. In males, the testes produce sperm and male hormones. Accessory organs like the seminal vesicles and prostate gland contribute to semen. Spermatogenesis is the process where sperm develop from spermatogonia in the seminiferous tubules with help from Sertoli and Leydig cells. At ejaculation, sperm and fluids are released. In females, the ovaries produce eggs and female hormones. The fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix and vagina form the female reproductive tract, while the labia, clitoris and breasts also play roles in reproduction.
Male & female reproductive system
The reproductive system ensures continuation of species through reproduction. The male reproductive system contains primary sex organs (testes) that produce sperm and accessory sex organs (seminal vesicles, prostate gland, urethra) that aid in ejaculation. Spermatogenesis occurs in the testes through four stages - proliferation, growth, maturation and transformation - to produce mature sperm from germ cells over 74 days, aided by hormones like FSH, testosterone and estrogen. Testosterone is responsible for masculine development and functions in fetal life like sex differentiation and in adulthood like maintenance of spermatogenesis.
Reproductive physiology of male and female
Reproductive physiology of male and femaleShri Alpesh N. Patel Postgraduate Institute of Science and Research
The document provides information about male and female reproductive physiology:
I. It describes the process of spermatogenesis that occurs in the seminiferous tubules of the testes to produce sperm over 65-75 days.
II. It explains the hormonal regulation of the male reproductive system including the roles of FSH, LH, and testosterone.
III. It outlines the female reproductive cycle over approximately 28 days, including the ovarian cycle, uterine cycle, and hormonal changes (FSH, LH, estrogens, progesterone) that regulate the growth and shedding of the endometrium.lesson 1.1 grade10 male reproductive 3rd quarter..pptx
The male reproductive system consists of both internal and external organs that work together for spermatogenesis and fertilization. The internal organs include the testes for producing sperm, the epididymis for sperm storage, and accessory glands like the seminal vesicles and prostate that secrete fluids. The external organs are the scrotum which houses the testes and maintains temperature, and the penis for depositing sperm. The male reproductive system's main functions are sperm production, maturation and transport for fertilizing eggs in the female reproductive system.
Overview of reproductive physiology and anatomy
The male reproductive system produces sperm and sex hormones. Sperm are produced in the testes through spermatogenesis and stored in the epididymis. Hormones like FSH, LH and testosterone regulate sperm production and male characteristics. During sexual activity, erection occurs when blood flow increases to the penis. Ejaculation involves the contraction of muscles to expel semen containing sperm from the penis.
reproductive physio.pptx
The female reproductive system has several key functions: formation of egg cells, reception of sperm, provision of an environment for fertilization and fetal development, childbirth, and lactation. The female reproductive organs include the ovaries, which produce egg cells and hormones, and the uterus, which nourishes a developing fetus. At birth, the sex of an individual is determined by the chromosomes inherited - XX for female and XY for male. Fertilization occurs when an egg is fused by a sperm cell in the fallopian tubes. The placenta functions to exchange nutrients, gases, and waste between the mother and developing fetus. Childbirth is stimulated by hormones like oxytocin and prostaglandins that trigger powerful uterine contractions
Reproduction and growth
This document discusses several topics related to human reproduction and growth, including:
1. It outlines learning objectives on gamete formation, the menstrual cycle, early zygote development, and the role of science and technology in human reproduction.
2. It then provides details on gamete formation in males and females, explaining spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
3. The role of hormones in regulating the menstrual cycle is analyzed, outlining the hormones involved and how they influence follicle development, ovulation, and the endometrium throughout the cycle.
Reproductive Physiology.ppt
The document summarizes male and female reproductive physiology. It describes the structure and functions of the testes and ovaries, including gamete production. It explains spermatogenesis in the testes and the menstrual cycle in females. It also outlines the roles of hormones like testosterone, estrogen and progesterone in the male and female reproductive systems.
Physiology reproduction.pptx
The document discusses spermatogenesis, the process of sperm formation in the testes. It takes place in 4 stages: proliferation of spermatogonia, growth of primary spermatocytes, maturation through meiosis, and transformation of spermatids into mature sperm. Sertoli cells provide nutrients and support throughout spermatogenesis via cytoplasmic attachment to developing germ cells. The process takes approximately 74 days to complete.
Embryology full note2
1) Human development begins with the fertilization of an egg (oocyte) by sperm, forming a single-celled zygote. Through processes such as cell division, differentiation, growth and rearrangement over 9 months, the zygote develops into a baby.
2) Development is divided into prenatal (before birth) and postnatal (after birth) periods, with major developmental changes occurring during embryonic, fetal, infant and childhood stages.
3) Both male and female gametes are produced through meiosis within the ovaries and testes, respectively, reducing the chromosome count so that fertilization restores the normal diploid number.
Embryology full note
1) Human development begins with the fertilization of an egg (oocyte) by sperm. The fertilized egg, called a zygote, undergoes cell division and differentiation over a period of 9 months to form a baby.
2) Both males and females undergo meiosis to produce gametes (sperm and eggs, respectively) with half the normal number of chromosomes. Fertilization restores the full chromosome number.
3) Key events in early development include formation of the embryo and fetal periods, during which most development occurs, though important changes also happen after birth through childhood and adulthood.
Reproductive system.pptx for nursing students
The document summarizes key aspects of the human reproductive system. It describes the processes of gametogenesis, mitosis, and meiosis in the formation of gametes. It then discusses the male reproductive system, including the internal genital organs like the epididymis and vas deferens that store and transport sperm. The male sex organs of penis and testes that produce semen and sperm are also mentioned. For females, it briefly outlines the reproductive system and its role in hormone regulation and the menstrual cycle.
Spermatogenesis
Spermatogenesis is the process by which sperm are produced in the testes. It involves the transformation of spermatogonia into mature spermatozoa through mitosis and meiosis. The document outlines the key steps of spermatogenesis, hormonal regulation, factors that influence it, abnormalities that can occur, and importance of semen analysis. Testosterone is the principal hormone produced by Leydig cells that drives male characteristics and spermatogenesis. It regulates secondary sex characteristics, sperm production, muscle and bone growth, and brain function. Disorders of the testes can impair spermatogenesis and testosterone production.
Human development and sex determination
1) Fertilization occurs when a sperm joins an egg, forming a zygote with 46 chromosomes - 23 from each parent. This determines the new individual as either 46,XX (female) or 46,XY (male).
2) The zygote undergoes cell division and develops into an embryo over a series of stages. By the end of the first trimester, all major organ systems have formed.
3) Sexual differentiation is determined by chromosomes, gonads, and hormone exposure. The presence of the SRY gene on the Y chromosome triggers testes development; its absence leads to ovaries. Subsequent hormone secretions shape internal and external genitalia along male or female lines.
Organogenesis by which actoderm, endoderm and mesoderm developed
Organogenesis is the process by which the three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) develop into internal organs through cell proliferation, migration, aggregation and differentiation. It occurs primarily during weeks 3-8 of pregnancy, when all essential external and internal structures are formed. This embryonic stage represents a critical period of development, as the environment can have its greatest impact on development through disrupting processes like cell division and gene expression. Exposure to teratogens during this period increases the risk of abnormalities, while the pre-embryonic stage is more resistant and the fetal stage impacts functioning but less often causes defects.
Similar to Male reproductive system (20)
Male reproductive system by Pandian M, tutor, Dept of Physiology, DYPMCKOP,MH
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lesson 1.1 grade10 male reproductive 3rd quarter..pptx
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Organogenesis by which actoderm, endoderm and mesoderm developed
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Male reproductive system
- 1. Function of the male reproductive system and Spermatogenesis Dr. Maria Idrees; PT
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Reproductive system ensures the continuation of species. • Gonads are the primary reproductive organs which produce the gametes (egg or ovum); a pair of testes (singular = testis) produces sperms in males and a pair of ovaries produces ovum in females.
- 3. • Reproductive organs include: 1. Primary sex organs 2. Accessory sex organs Primary Sex Organs Testes are the primary sex organs or gonads in males. Accessory Sex Organs Accessory sex organs in males are: 1. Seminal vesicles 2. Prostate gland 3. Urethra 4. Penis.
- 5. FUNCTIONS OF TESTES • Testes performs two functions: 1. Gametogenic function: Spermatogenesis 2. Endocrine function: Secretion of hormones. GAMETOGENIC FUNCTIONS OF TESTES – SPERMATOGENESIS • Spermatogenesis is the process by which the male gametes called spermatozoa (sperms) are formed from the primitive spermatogenic cells (spermatogonia) in the testis. • It takes 74 days for the formation of sperm from a primitive germ cell.
- 6. STAGES OF SPERMATOGENESIS Spermatogenesis occurs in four stages: • 1. Stage of proliferation • 2. Stage of growth • 3. Stage of maturation • 4. Stage of transformation
- 7. 1. Stage of Proliferation • Each spermatogonium contains diploid number (23 pairs) of chromosomes. • One member of each pair is from maternal origin and the other one from paternal origin. • The 23 pairs include 22 pairs of autosomal chromosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. • During the proliferative stage, spermatogonia divide by mitosis, without any change in chromosomal number. • In man, there are usually seven generations of spermatogonia. • The last generation enters the stage of growth as primary spermatocyte.
- 8. 2. Stage of Growth • In this stage, the primary spermatocyte grows into a large cell. • Apart from growth, there is no other change in spermatocyte during this stage.
- 9. 3. Stage of Maturation • After reaching the full size, each primary spermatocyte quickly undergoes meiotic or maturation division, which occurs in two phases: • First phase • In the first phase, each primary spermatocyte divides into two secondary spermatocytes. • The significance of the first meiotic division is that each secondary spermatocyte receives only the haploid or half the number of chromosomes
- 10. • Second phase • During this phase, each secondary spermatocyte undergoes second meiotic division, resulting in two smaller cells called spermatids. • Each spermatid has haploid number of chromosomes.
- 11. 4. Stage of Transformation • There is no further division. • Spermatids are transformed into matured spermatozoa (sperms), by means of spermeogenesis and released by spermination. • Changes taking place during spermeogenesis: i. Condensation of nuclear material ii. Formation of acrosome, mitochondrial spiral filament and tail structures iii. Removal of extraneous (extra volume of nonessential) cytoplasm.
- 15. ENDOCRINE FUNCTIONS OF TESTES HORMONES SECRETED BY TESTES • Testes secrete male sex hormones, which are collectively called the androgens. • Androgens secreted by testes are: 1. Testosterone 2. Dihydrotestosterone 3. Androstenedione.
- 16. FUNCTIONS OF TESTOSTERONE • In general, testosterone is responsible for the distinguishing characters of masculine body. • It also plays an important role in fetal life. Functions of Testosterone in Fetal Life Testosterone performs three functions in fetus: 1. Sex differentiation in fetus 2. Development of accessory sex organs 3. Descent of the testes.
- 17. Cryptorchidism • Cryptorchidism is a congenital disorder characterized by the failure of one or both the testes to descent from abdomen into scrotum. • In such case, the testes are called undescended testes. • Males with untreated testes are prone for testicular cancer.
- 18. Functions of Testosterone in Adult Life 1. Effect on sex organs: Testosterone increases the size of penis, scrotum and the testes after puberty. All these organs are enlarged at least 8 folds between the onset of puberty and the age of 20 years. 2. Effect on secondary sexual characters: Secondary sexual characters are the physical and behavioral characteristics that distinguish the male from female. These characters appear at the time of puberty in humans. (muscular and bone growth, skin and voice changes)