Recent viral diseases threaten to humans

1. Recent viral diseases
threaten to human

2. Overview to
viruses:
 A virus is a small infectious
agent that replicates only
inside the living cells of other organisms.
 Viruses can infect all types of life forms,
from animals and plants to microbes,
including bacteria and archaea
 viral particles, also known as virions,
consist of -the genetic material,the capsid.
 They can also cause severe infections and
dreadful diseases.

3. Virus classification:

5. Some recent viral diseases:
• Chickenpox
• Flu (influenza)
• Herpes virus
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS)
• Human papillomavirus (HPV)
• Infectious mononucleosis
• Mumps, measles and rubella
• Shingles
• Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu)
• Viral hepatitis
• Viral meningitis
• Viral pneumonia

6. Poliomyelitis
• Human enterovirus and member of the family
of Picornaviridae.
• Poliovirus, the causative agent
of poliomyelitis (commonly known as polio)
• Poliovirus was first isolated in 1909 by Karl
Landsteiner and Erwin Popper
• Infection occurs via the fecal–oral route
• Destruction on nerve cells,muscle wasting,paralysis.

7. Rubella
• Rubella virus (RuV) is the pathogenic agent of
the disease rubella, and is the cause
of congenital rubella syndrome when infection
occurs during the first weeks
of pregnancy.
• Enlarging of neck lymph nodes

8. Varicella zoster
• Varicella zoster virus (VZV)
causes chickenpox (varicella) in humans.
• A disease most commonly affecting children,
teens and young adults and herpes zoster
(shingles) in older adults; VZV is known by
many names, including chickenpox virus,
varicella virus, zoster virus, and human herpes
virus type 3 (HHV-3).

9. Mumps
• Mumps virus is the causative agent of mumps,
a well-known common childhood disease
characterized by swelling of the parotid
glands, salivary glands and other epithelial
tissues

10. Respiratory defects by
virus
• Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV)
is a syncytial virus that causes respiratory
tract infections. It is a major cause of lower
respiratory tract infections
• causes congenital heart defects (CHD)
or bronchopulmonary dysplasia
(BPD), and infants
with congenital malformations

11. Hepatitis
• Hepatitis B:A serious liver infection caused by the
hepatitis B virus that's easily preventable by a
vaccine.
• Hepatitis C:An infection caused by a virus that
attacks the liver and leads to inflammation.
• Hepatitis D:A serious liver disease caused by
infection with the hepatitis D virus.
• Hepatitis A:A highly contagious
liver infection.
• Hepatitis E:A liver disease
caused by the hepatitis E virus

12. Influenza
• Influenza, commonly known as "the flu", is
an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus
• The common symptoms include high fever, runny
nose, sore throat, muscle
pains, headache, coughing, and feeling tired.
• Also causes viral pneumonia, secondary bacterial
pneumonia, sinus infections, and
health problems such as
asthma or heart failure

13. AIDS:
• The human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup
of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection
• HIV infects vital cells in the human
immune system such as helper T
cells (specifically CD4+ T cells),
macrophages, and dendritic cells.
• Causes severe illness by
Reducing the immune power
of the body.

14. EVD
• Ebola virus disease (EVD), also known
as Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) or
simply Ebola, is a viral hemorrhagic fever of
humans and other primates caused by ebola
viruses.
• Symptoms:fever, sore throat, muscular
pain, headaches,vomiting, diarrhea and rash
• The disease has a high risk of death, killing
between 25 and 90 percent of those infected

15. zika
• Zika virus (ZIKV) is a member of
the virus family Flaviviridae. It is spread by
daytime-active Aedes mosquitoes, such as A.
aegypti and A. albopictus
• Zika virus is related to the dengue, yellow
fever, Japanese encephalitis, and West
Nile viruses
• Causes severe brain malformations, and other
birth defects, Guillain–Barré syndrome

16. Chikungunya fever
• Chikungunya is an infection caused by the
chikungunya virus (CHIKV)
• Symptoms include the fever and joint pain
• The virus is spread between people by two
types of mosquitos: Aedes
albopictus and Aedes aegypti.
• There is no vaccine and no specific treatment
for this viral fever

17. • Dengue--Dengue fever is a mosquito-
borne tropical disease caused
by the dengue virus.
• Rota virus--Rotavirus is the most common
cause of diarrhoeal disease among infants and
young children
• Hanta virus-- causes hemorrhagic fever with
renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus
pulmonary syndrome (HPS)

18. Virus in plant
disease
• Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is a single
stranded RNA virus that infects a wide range
of plants, especially tobacco and other
members of the family Solanaceae
• TMV was the first virus ever to be discovered.

19. Viral diseases (recent survey)

20. Controlling of viral diseases
• Vaccination against viral infections
• Use of hygienic practices
• Using anti-viral drugs like acyclovir
amantadine, ribavirin ,rimantadine,
oseltamivir ,zanamivir .
• By immunotherapy
techniques.