This document discusses malaria, including that it is caused by plasmodium parasites transmitted via mosquito bites, causing fevers and anemia. It notes malaria is endemic in Bangladesh, especially in border regions near India and Myanmar. Prevention methods discussed include insecticide-treated bed nets, repellents, anti-mosquito spraying, larvicide use, and chemoprophylaxis for travelers. Treatment varies depending on malaria severity and pregnancy status.

1. Mohammad Tanvir Islam
Assistant Professor Medicine
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University

2.  A mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by
Protozoan parasites of the genus Plasmodium

3.  Transmitted only by Anopheles Mosquitoes
(>60 species!)
Seattle Biomedical Research Institute

4.  Red blood cell destruction -> anemia
 Waves of parasites bursting red blood cells
Lead to classic cycles of fever and chills

5.  Changes adhesive properties of infected
Red blood cells -> blocking blood vessels
leading to Tissue hypoxia

7. Leading causes of death in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia for persons age
0-44 (World Health Organization)
As you know
in the developing world treatable
infectious diseases remain big killers

8. Leading causes of death in Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia for persons age
0-44 (World Health Organization)
That’s right:
300 million new cases per year
making it the most prevalent serious
infectious disease!

10. Endemicity in Bangladesh
 Malaria is a public health problem in
Bangladesh
 The disease is high endemic in the 13border
belt districts
 These districts are in the east and north-east
border facing international boundaries with the
eastern states of India (Assam, Tripura and
Meghalaya)and a small part of Myanmar.

16. 16
 A parasitic diseases caused by plasmodium species
 Transmitted by the bite of infected female anopheline mosquitoes
 Characterized by periodic paroxysm with shaking chills, high fever, heavy sweating
 Anemia and splenomegaly in cases suffering from several attack of paroxysm
What is Malaria?

17. 17
■ Etiology
▲ Four species of plasmodium cause malaria
in human.
P. vivax, P. ovale.
P. malariae P. falciparum
Each species has its own morphologic,
biologic,
pathogenic, and clinical characteristics.

21. Some important points in history
taking
 Geographical history
 Drugs taken
 Symptoms duration and time course
 Previous illness and treatment
 Previous blood transfusion
 Pregnancy
 Other illness in the family

22. Treatment of Falciparum Malaria
Uncomplicated Malaria

23. Alternative treatment

25. Severe Malaria

26. Severe Malaria

28. Treatment during pregnancy

29. Treatment during pregnancy

32. Prevention & control of Malaria
 Control means that a disease is reduced to a
level when it is no longer a major public health
problem
 Control measures may have to be continued
indefinitely
 Fundamental elements
 Early diagnosis
 Prompt and appropriate treatment
 Disease prevention

33. Prevention of Malaria
1. Personal protection
1. Mosquito net/insecticide treated bed net
2. Repellent creams and spray
3. Long sleeve & trouser

34. Prevention of Malaria
 Anti mosquito measures
 Destruction of Adult mosquito by Spraying
insecticidse like DDT or Gammexane
 Anti-larval measures –
 elimination of breeding places
 Lervicides- oil, green paris, DDT dissolved in oil
 Culture of Guppy Fish, Telapiya Fish in small ponds
 Vaccines-needs further study

35. Advice for travellers
 Use mosquito nets, repellents, sprays
 Use long sleeve, trousers
 Stay indoor at night time

36. Chemoprophylaxis
 Chemoprohylactic drugs are not 100%
effective
 They can alter the history and mask symptoms
 May induce resistance
 May cause false negative blood smear

37. Thank you