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Newborn Indicators Marketplace Kate Kerber June 30, 2010 Make them count:  using the best data for maximum impact
Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Definitions for reference ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Numbers – neonatal deaths ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Progress to MDG 4  – child survival (global)   MDG 4 target  (32) Ref: Lawn, Kerber et al BJOG 2009 updated with data for 2008 from UN Child Mortality Group, WHO//CHERG and IHME (Rajaratnam J eta l 2010)  3.6 million neonatal deaths 41% of under 5 deaths: Links closely with MDG 5 We are at a tipping point regardless of the estimates used USA NMR is 4
Progress towards MDG 4 in 2008 On track: under-five mortality rate (U5MR) is less than 40, or U5MR is 40 or more and the average annual rate of reduction (AARR)  in the U5MR observed for 1990-2008 is 4.0 percent or more No Progress: U5MR is 40 or more and AARR is less than 1.0 per cent Insufficient Progress: U5MR is 40 or more and AARR is less than 4.0 percent but equal to or greater than 1.0 percent Data not available Source: UNICEF, The State of Africa’s Children. Celebrating 20 Years of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. New York, 2010 (Table 10. The rate of progress)
Global progress to MDG 5  – maternal survival (Africa)   Ref: Kinney et al, PLoS 2010. Data from Hill et al 2007, Hogan et al 2010. Overlapping estimates Still not enough progress
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Reality: many countries aren’t  using  either  of the UN or IHME numbers We should continue to the use UN numbers because  (25 June) :
Everyone’s a critic but they are not very critical ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Source: CHERG/WHO 2010.  Estimates for 193 countries for 2008.  Black R et al  Lancet 2010 New estimates of causes of newborn deaths ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Countdown to 2015 for MNCH ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Countdown to 2015: Coverage ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Download the Countdown to 2015 meeting presentations: www.countdown2015mnch.org/conferences/2010conference/2010-session-reports
Countdown to 2015: Finance Download the Countdown to 2015 meeting presentations: www.countdown2015mnch.org/conferences/2010conference/2010-session-reports
Download the Countdown to 2015 meeting presentations: www.countdown2015mnch.org/conferences/2010conference/2010-session-reports ,[object Object],[object Object],Countdown to 2015: Policy CCM Task shifting IMNCI Costed plans
Download the Countdown to 2015 meeting presentations: www.countdown2015mnch.org/conferences/2010conference/2010-session-reports ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],If all families in Nigeria got the same care as the richest families: NMR would be halved and 127,000 newborn deaths would be prevented Countdown to 2015: Equity
Gap between poorest and richest households along the continuum of care in Uganda Uganda DHS 2006
Locally owned and led data for action Country data profiles Translating data into policy and programmatic action
Newborn Indicators Marketplace Indicators for Newborn Health Programs Tanya Guenther June 30, 2010
Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Newborn Indicator   TWG ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Newborn Indicator TWG ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Newborn Indicator TWG ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Newborn Indicator TWG ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Newborn Indicator TWG ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Newborn Indicator TWG ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Newborn Indicator TWG ,[object Object]
Newborn Indicator TWG ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Newborn Indicator TWG ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Newborn Indicator TWG ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Indicators for KMC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Indicators for KMC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Indicators for KMC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
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Discussion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Thank you!

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Make them count using the best data for maximum impact

  • 1. Newborn Indicators Marketplace Kate Kerber June 30, 2010 Make them count: using the best data for maximum impact
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  • 5. Progress to MDG 4 – child survival (global) MDG 4 target (32) Ref: Lawn, Kerber et al BJOG 2009 updated with data for 2008 from UN Child Mortality Group, WHO//CHERG and IHME (Rajaratnam J eta l 2010) 3.6 million neonatal deaths 41% of under 5 deaths: Links closely with MDG 5 We are at a tipping point regardless of the estimates used USA NMR is 4
  • 6. Progress towards MDG 4 in 2008 On track: under-five mortality rate (U5MR) is less than 40, or U5MR is 40 or more and the average annual rate of reduction (AARR) in the U5MR observed for 1990-2008 is 4.0 percent or more No Progress: U5MR is 40 or more and AARR is less than 1.0 per cent Insufficient Progress: U5MR is 40 or more and AARR is less than 4.0 percent but equal to or greater than 1.0 percent Data not available Source: UNICEF, The State of Africa’s Children. Celebrating 20 Years of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. New York, 2010 (Table 10. The rate of progress)
  • 7. Global progress to MDG 5 – maternal survival (Africa) Ref: Kinney et al, PLoS 2010. Data from Hill et al 2007, Hogan et al 2010. Overlapping estimates Still not enough progress
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  • 13. Countdown to 2015: Finance Download the Countdown to 2015 meeting presentations: www.countdown2015mnch.org/conferences/2010conference/2010-session-reports
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  • 16. Gap between poorest and richest households along the continuum of care in Uganda Uganda DHS 2006
  • 17. Locally owned and led data for action Country data profiles Translating data into policy and programmatic action
  • 18. Newborn Indicators Marketplace Indicators for Newborn Health Programs Tanya Guenther June 30, 2010
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Editor's Notes

  1. Despite the various efforts of African countries to reduce under-five mortality rates by two-thirds from 1990 levels, by the year 2015, on the whole, progress to date is insufficient to meet the targets. The 2010 UNICEF State of the World’s Children report indicated that only six countries in the region are estimated to be on track to achieving MDG4 (Botswana, Cape Verde, Eritrea, Malawi, Mauritius and Seychelles). Twenty-seven countries in the region are estimated as making insufficient progress while the remaining thirteen are not making progress
  2. The focus of this session is on program level indicators for newborn health. As you will see from this presentation, the field of newborn health indicators is still very much in development. While a lot of progress has been made in recent years, we still have a lot more to do and this presents an opportunity for Save the Children to contribute. This presentation will give an overview of developments in newborn health indicators and the work of the Newborn Indicator Technical Working Group, outline some indicators for facility-based KMC, and highlight some helpful resources. We would like to follow the presentation with some questions and discussions.
  3. To address these gaps, the Saving Newborn Lives program of Save the Children convened a meeting of experts in April 2008 to initiate the dialogue. As a result of this meeting, an Inter-agency technical working group was formed. The TWG includes representatives from UNICEF, WHO, Macro, USAID, Save the Children, SNL, MCHIP and others. Based on recommendations from the TWG, several research studies have been conducted. Data from Bangladesh (2004 and 2007 DHS) and Egypt (2005 and 2008) were analyzed to examine postnatal care for women and newborns for home and facility births over time. Macro also conducted a qualitative study to look at women’s recall of birth, postnatal and immediate newborn care among women with home deliveries and facility deliveries over varying time periods (1-2 years and 1-3 months) in Bangladesh and Malawi. Women were asked to provide a narrative of birth narrative and experience with PNC. In addition, mothers were asked about some specific aspects of delivery process, newborn care and content of PNC check-ups using a structured questionnaire. The findings have been very helpful for improving questions on immediate newborn care practices and PNC. The report from Macro’s qualitative study is available and I am happy to share an electronic copy so please just let me know if you are interested. UNICEF conducted a pilot of their PNC questions in Kenya and have used their findings to refine the MICS round 4 questionnaire. The study in Ghana is ongoing and similar to that from Malawi and Bangladesh. Data are currently being analyzed.
  4. The TWG has identified some areas to focus its efforts on. These include standardizing measurement of PNC, newborn behaviours and practices, and newborn care at facilities. Other areas are also on the table for discussion.
  5. In DHS, measurement of timing, place and provider of PNC has historically been measured for home births and focussed on a check on the mother’s health. This was then expanded to include questions about checks for newborns, but only for those born at home. Consensus from extensive discussion and debate is that all births should be included in the denominator and that data should be comparable for the mother and the baby. The first visit should take place within two days of birth (regardless of where the birth took place). Place of the check and who provides the check will vary and need to be defined locally. There are still issues with the numerator – what constitutes a check, how do we differentiate checks that happen immediately after birth that can be considered intrapartum from those that are post natal checks
  6. The new MICS questionnaire is tackling these issues and has developed a module that essentially classifies births into three types – those that take place in the facility, those that take place at home with an attendant, and those that take place at home without an attendant. For births in the facility, women will be asked how long they stayed in the facility, if they had a check before they were discharged, and if they had a check after discharge. Attended home births will be asked if they received a check from the provided after birth and if they had a follow-up check that took place AFTER the initial attendant left. Unattended home births will be asked if they had a check with a provided. All will be asked who was the provider, where the check took place and when it took place. These data will be analyzed to create one PNC indicator for mothers and one for newborns. There is also progress on the DHS side. They will now include all births in the denominator. The question on duration of stay in health facility was removed and there is no plan at present to add it back, but could be up for discussion. The group outlined some important outstanding issues for further work. We still lack standardized indicators and questions that address the content of PNC visit and are grappling with how to distinguish between checks that take place immediately after birth and those that are ‘true’ postnatal checks. Analysis of DHS data shows that many of the PNC checks reported by mothers take place within the first few hours after birth. Yet, there is no agreement yet on what the minimum time cut-off might look like.
  7. At the first TWG meeting the group reached consensus on questions and indicators related to baby’s’ weight and size and to the time of first breastfeed. There was also consensus around areas that require additional work, such as thermal care, care-seeking, cord care. Measurement in these areas is still very much a work in progress and there is extensive variation in how people approach asking questions about these immediate newborn practices. Even within SNL’s baseline studies we see 5-6 different ways of asking about drying the baby for example. Work is also underway to quantify the effect of immediate newborn care practices, and the hope is that these practices will be added to the next version of the Lives Saved Tool.
  8. Group selected five practices to focus on defining indicators and questions and some progress has been made. In brief, the ideal is that babies are wiped dry immediately after birth, but the challenge is how to measure ‘immediately’. The group has agreed to use ‘as soon as the baby is born’ to be more specific, but measurement issues remain and there is no easy way to ask about timing. Macro’s work shows that the delivery of the placenta is not a good way to understand the timing, since when the placenta is delivered is quite variable among women. Many women that are non-literate or poor may not be comfortable explaining time in terms of minutes, for example. Macro’s work also suggested that nearly all babies that are dried are also wrapped, so it might not be necessary to ask about wrapping. Analysis of SNL’s baseline studies will offer some additional information to guide these decisions and inform optimal ways to ask these questions. Delayed bath is quite straightforward and guidance is that by keeping the question open we will be able to analyze according to different cut-offs. Current WHO recommendation is to delay bath at least 6 hours, but this may be changing to 24 hours soon.
  9. Other important areas are also up for discussion including use of clean delivery kits, skin-to-skin, care of small babies and care-seeking for newborn illness. SNL has included questions in all these areas in several baseline studies and will look at these as well in some endlines to help inform this discussion. To this end, a draft questionnaire has been developed and work is being done over the next few months to refine and test these questions. A key piece of this will be analyzing data from SNL baselines to learn how to move from the variation towards standardization.
  10. Measuring newborn services at health facilities is an emerging and very important area. We lack standard indicators to measure availability and quality of services and lag behind measurement of services for maternal and child health. There is agreement that the Service Provision Assessments (SPAs) by DHS should be expanded to include observation of delivery and newborn care. MCHIP is conducting a pilot SPA in Kenya that will test out some instruments to measure newborn services. There are also other tools such as the DHS SPA and the MACRO Rapid Health Services Assessments that can be reviewed as a starting point.
  11. There are also reports available that provide details on the TWG discussions and we are happy to share those via email.
  12. Kangaroo Mother Care … Draft tools such as registers, patient charts, monthly reports and supervision materials are being developed to support program monitoring and implementation; we do have examples from existing programs that we are happy to share if anyone is interested.
  13. Indicators are for facility KMC only Operational refers to facilities that routinely practice continuous skin-to-skin and breastfeeding (or appropriate feeding) for babies who are LBW (<2500 g) on admission to facility Lost to follow-up means missed two or more subsequent follow-up visits
  14. Graduated means the baby has successfully completed KMC based on standard criteria (TBD)
  15. KMC toolkit?