The document summarizes the key changes in WHO's 2010 guidelines for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT), including recommending lifelong antiretroviral treatment (ART) for all HIV-positive pregnant women and more effective prophylaxis options. It outlines two approaches - Option A focusing on antenatal/intrapartum drugs while Option B continues treatment during breastfeeding. Proper implementation of the new guidelines could reduce transmission rates to below 5% and bring the world closer to virtual elimination of pediatric HIV.