The document summarizes several major scams in India, including the NSEL scam, Harshad Mehta case, Ketan Parekh scam, Subrata Roy scam, CRB scam, Satyam scam, Sahara Housing Bonds scam, Speak Asia scam, and Saradha scam. The NSEL scam involved siphoning money from investors through non-existent commodity contracts. Harshad Mehta and Ketan Parekh both manipulated stock prices through illegal means. Subrata Roy and CR Bhansali raised funds through fraudulent investment schemes. The Satyam scam involved inflated financial reports. Sahara Housing Bonds and the Saradha scam collected money through illegal investment schemes.

1. 3 major Scams in india

2. NSEL Scam
 Money from investors were siphoned off as the most of the underlying commodities did
not exist and the buying and the selling of commodities was being only conducted only on
paper.
 Investors were attracted by offering fixed returns on paired contracts in commodities.
 And it was lately, found out the stocks were missing.
 The NSEL is a company promoted by Financial Technologies India Ltd and the NAFE.
Jignesh Shah along with Shreekant Javalgekar were accused of the scam.

Estimated Size: Rs 5,600 crore
 Central Figure: Jignesh Shah
 Discovered: 2013
 Modus Operandi: Investors were wooed by offering fixed returns on paired contracts
with agri and industrial commodities as underlying. the stocks were missing and money
was allegedly siphoned by so-called borrowers


3. Harshad Mehta Case
 He was known to have fooled many investors by taking
advantage of loop holes in the system.
 Harshad and his associates initiated a securities scam by
diverting funds of about Rs 5,000 crore from the banks to
stockbrokers between April 1991 to May 1992.
 After the scam was exposed, the stock markets crashed
and Mehta was arrested and banned from trading in the
stock markets.
 Conviction - sentenced 5 years rigorous imprisonment and
a fine of 25000.

4. Ketan Parekh Scam
 Following the footsteps of Mehta, Ketan Parekh had
bigger plans.
 He conned banks and exchanges like the Allahabad
Stock Exchange and the Calcutta Stock Exchange, and
bought shares in fictitious names to manipulate the share
prices in companies.
 Ketan was a chartered accountant who used to run a
family business, named NH Securities.
Estimated Size: Rs 800 crore
 Central Figure: Ketan Parekh
 Discovered: 2001
 Modus Operandi: Circular trading in selected stocks via
borrowed money from banks to manipulate share prices

5. Subrata Roy Scam
 Subrata Roy in the name Sahara Housing Bonds, which were issued to many
investors without following Sebi regulations and any investor protection
measures mentioned therein.
 The case is still on and one has to wait for the outcome.

6. CRB Scam
 Estimated Size: Rs 1,200 crore
 Central Figure: CR Bhansali
 Discovered: 1996
 Modus Operandi: Raised public money
through FDs, MFs and debentures via
nonexistent firms and invested them in stocks
for personal gains

7. Satyam Scam
 Estimated Size: Rs 14,162 crore
 Central Figure: Ramalinga Raju
 Discovered: 2009
 Modus Operandi: The top management of the
software company cooked up accounts to
show inflated sales, profits and margins from
2003 to 2008.

8. Sahara Housing Bonds
 Estimated Size: Rs 24,029 crore
 Central Figure: Subrata Roy
 Discovered: 2010
 Modus Operandi: Bonds issued to 29.6
million investors without following Sebi
regulations and investor protection
measures mentioned therein

9. Speak Asia
 Estimated Size: Rs 2,200
crore
 Central Figure: Ram Sumiran
Pal
 Discovered: 2012
 Modus Operandi: Investors
were asked to subscribe to an
e-magazine for a certain sum,
after which they became
eligible to answer surveys and
got paid for each survey.

10. Saradha Scam
Estimated Size: Rs 10,000 crore
Central Figure: Sudipta Sen
Discovered: 2013
Modus Operandi: Ran multiple
investment schemes collecting money from nearly
1.4 million investors in West Bengal and Odisha