IT CONTAINS THE LATEST INFORMATION ABOUT MHC MOLECULE WHICH WILL BE HELPFUL FOR B.SC /M.SC/CSIR-NET/DBT-JRF/GATE STUDENTS. THIS IS IN VERY SIMPLE AND LUCID MANNER TO UNDERSTAND AND ONE CAN EASILY OPT FOR THIS TO PREPARE NOTES.
IT CONTAINS THE LATEST INFORMATION ABOUT MHC MOLECULE WHICH WILL BE HELPFUL FOR B.SC /M.SC/CSIR-NET/DBT-JRF/GATE STUDENTS. THIS IS IN VERY SIMPLE AND LUCID MANNER TO UNDERSTAND AND ONE CAN EASILY OPT FOR THIS TO PREPARE NOTES.
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a collection of genes that encode molecules of genetically diverse glycoproteins, that are found on the plasma membranes of mammalian nucleated cells.
I explain only two major classes of MHC molecules such as class one and class two of MHC.
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) plays a cardinal role in T cell-mediated immunity. Modern immunogenetics largely depends on the research on the MHC complex.
This ppts file will give the students of biochemistry or biology, in general, a brief outlook on the structure and functions of MHC, as well as its mode of action.
I hope this work will help intermediate students grasping the topic.
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a collection of genes that encode molecules of genetically diverse glycoproteins, that are found on the plasma membranes of mammalian nucleated cells.
I explain only two major classes of MHC molecules such as class one and class two of MHC.
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) plays a cardinal role in T cell-mediated immunity. Modern immunogenetics largely depends on the research on the MHC complex.
This ppts file will give the students of biochemistry or biology, in general, a brief outlook on the structure and functions of MHC, as well as its mode of action.
I hope this work will help intermediate students grasping the topic.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
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at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX M.MANIKANDAN.pptx
1. MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX
Departmentof Biotechnology
Schoolof Biotechnology& GeneticEngineering
BharathidasanUniversity,Tiruchirapalli-620024
SEMINARPRESENTED
ON
GUIDED BY:
Dr.M.Muthuselvam
Assistant professor
Dept of Biotechnology
SUMITTED BY:
M.Manikandan
M.sc.Biotechnology
SUB: Immunology
2. Contents..
Introduction
Definition
Histroy
Types of MHC molecule
Structure of MHC molecule
HLA (Human leukocyte antigen)
H-2 Complex (MHC molecule of mouse)
Function of MHC molecule
Summary
References
3. Introduction
Major Histocompatibility complex (MHC) is set of surface proteins
located on the cell membrance of nucleated cells.
It plays more important wrok to identify the antigen between self and
non self body,intracellular recognization and responsible for antigen
presentation.
Histo refers to tissue. compatibility refers to living together
harmoniously.
MHC molecules always recognize only T lymphocytes. The two
types of MHC are worked in immunity. T helper(Th) cell recognized
by MHC molecules II ,and T cytotoxic (Tc) cells are recognized by
MHC I molecules.
4. Definition
“ Major Histocompatibility Complex is membrance attached
protein which wrok on recognization of antigen between self
and non self body and antigen presentation”.
5. Histroy
Peter Gorer (1930) found that four group of MHC molecues
he used the blood sample of mice to identified the blood
group antigen which designated by I to IV group of MHC.
Georg Snell, Jean Dausset and Bariy received noble prize in
1980 for their contribution to the discovery of MHC molecule.
6. Major Histocompatibility complex
MHC is collection of genes arrayed within a long continuous
stretch of DNA on
Chromosome 6- Humans
Chromosome 17- mice
MHC is reffered to as
HLA complex- Humans
H-2 complex - mice
7. Classes of MHC Molecules
The MHC molecules are classified in to four classes namely:
1. Class I MHC molecules
2 . Class II MHC molecules
3. Class III MHC molecules
4 . Class IV MHC molecules
8. Class I MHC Molecules
Class I MHC (45KD) molecule are a group of major Histocompatibility
antigen.
They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells except nervous
tissue and platelets.
It present antigen to Tc cells.
It bind with CD-8 adhesion molecules of Tc cells.
It brings about cell mediated immune response.
9. Structure of class I MHC Molecule
It consists two polypeptide chains namely α chain and β2-microglobulin.
α chain which is non covalently attached with β2 microglobuline.α chain
contain a transmembrance glycoprotein which is encoded by A,B and C
gene of grouped HLA.
α chain is organized by three domains such α 1,α 2 and α 3 each domain
containing 90 amino acids sequences.
Β2 microglobuline is similar in size of α 3 and it dose not contain
transmembrane proteins.
When the antigen is internalized ateond processed inside by proteosome
(ubiquitin,cytosolic degradation),the peptides are produced.
Peptide is further loaded on the groove of MHC I molecule from
endoplasmic reticulum.
11. Class II MHC Molecule
Class II MHC molecule are present on the surface of antigen presenting
cell and cell which engulfed the foreign antigen.
It binds with the exogenous (endocytic degradation) antigens.
It binds with CD4 adhesion molecules Th cells.
It also consist of two polypeptide chains namely α chain and β chain.
Antigen is processed inside the endosome and peptide is further loaded
on groove of MHC II molecule.
12. Structure of MHC II Molecule
The class II MHC molecule consists of two polypeptide chain namely α
chain (33kDa) and β (28kDa) chain.
The both chain are attached noncovelantly.
Each chain contains two units. The two units of α chain are called α1 and
α2. the two domains of β chains are called β1 and β2.
Β2 and α2 are transmembrane domains anchoring the MHC to plasma
membrane.
The α1 and β1 domains jointly bear a peptide binding groove.
14. Class III MHC Molecule
The molecules include complements like C2 and C4 and Bf (fector B).
Class IV MHC Molecule
These molecule is present on T cells of leukemia (Tla) as well as on
immune thymocytes
15. Peptide binding groove
MHC class I molecule-
Formed by α1 and α2 domains
Socket like opening
Bind a peptide of 8 to10 amino acids
MHC class II Molecule -
Formed by α1 and β1 domains
Open-ended groove
Bind a peptide of 13 to 18 amino acids
16. HLA- Human leukocyte Antigen
HLA is the human leukocyte antigen.
HLA is the MHC molecules present in human beings
HLA is a set of surface protein present on the surface of all nucleated
cells.They are responsible for graft rejection, adaptive immunity,
defense against infection, some time it is expressed on cancer cell
destruction, certain autoimmune diseases and certain complements.
MHC is the general term referring to the cell surface
Antigen of vertebrates.
17. Major Histocompatibility complex
MHC is collection of genes arrayed within a long continuous
stretch of DNA on
Chromosome 6- Humans
Chromosome 17- mice
MHC is reffered to as
HLA complex- Humans
H-2 complex - mice
18.
19. MHC Class I Molecule
Classical class I loci (A,B,C)-α chain
Non classical class I loci- HLA-E,F,G molecule
Β2 macroglobulin – chromosome 15
MHC Class II Molecule
Classical class II (DP,DQ,DR) –both α and β chain
Non classical class II loci (DM,DO) – HLA-DM,HLA-DO.
CONTI…
21. H-2 Complex of Mouse:
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of mouse is called H-2 complex.
H-2 complex is a cluster of genes responsible for the production of antigens
located of nucleated cells and complement components.
This complex is located in the short arm of the chromosome number 17.
It consists of a set of structural genes.
The genes, that make up a given histocompatibility complex, are called
halotypes.
22.
23. Function of MHC Molecules
MHC molecules are loaded with a bit of sample peptide fragment
derived from the degradation of proteins present inside the cell.This
peptide is the mirror image of proteins present inside the cell.
MHC molecules contain self as well as nonself (foreign) antigen.
They bring about defense against infections and diseases.
They mediate certain autoimmune diseases.
They are responsible for individual smell of people.
24. Summary:
The both MHC I and II molecule are responsible for
antigen presentation and it has application of antigen
recognization between self and nonself recognization,
mostly they are located on T lymphocytes encoded by
chromosome 6 of the human.The two types of antigen
degradated peptides (exogenous and endogenous) are
involved to complete these process of antigen
neutralization.
25. References:
Fatima Dulsy & Arumugam N.,Immunology(2013) fourth edition, saras
publication, camp road periavilai,Kanyakumari. Page NO 481-502.2
Kuby Janis, Immunology (2003), Fifth edition, W.H.Freeman &
company, Newyork, NY 10010.
Wikipedia from google search engine.
https://www.biosciencenotes.com/major-histocompatibility-
complex-mhc/
https://microbenotes.com/major-histocompatibility-complex-mhc-types-and-
importance/
https://www.slideshare.net/Prasannjeetsaha/major-histocompatibility-
complex-78885656
https://slideplayer.com/slide/1664422/