The slide contains climatic condition of different major crop that are grown in Bangladesh (Rice, Wheat ,Cotton,Potato etc). Environmental parameters has a great impact on the production and growth of agricultural product. These are briefly explained here. The whole thing crated by Mostafizur Rahman,Nahida Parvin,Jahangir Hossain,Yasin Akter, Raju Kumar Kanu, Md. Salahuddin Shawon.

1. Crop Climate of Important Crops Grown in
Bangladesh

2. Paddy Wheat
Sugarcane
Maize
Potato
cotton

3. RICE
Introduction:
• rural people 76%
• 47.5% manpower
• GDP 19.3%
• 156 million people’s main food
• 8.52 million ha land
• Decreasing rate of land 1% per year
• Rate of cropping intensity 1.91%

4. Growing seasons and Time :
• AUS(Mar-Apr)
• AMON( Apr-nov)
• BORO( Nov-apr)

5. Climatic conditions
 Rainfall
Requires standing water for growth.
A monthly rainfall of 100-200 mm.
Must about 125cm during vegetative season.
 Temperature
Needs a fairly high temperature.
Ranging from 20-30 .
Optimum
Day time , 30
Night time , 20
Flowering 10 to 45
Seed germination 21 to 35
Development 26 to 29
Maturity 18 to 25

6.  Sunlight
Bright sunshine with low
temperature
during ripening period.
Short day plant
 Soil and HR
Variety of soil
Silts, loams , gravel
Most suitable is Clayey Loam.
Optimum HR 70-80%
Harmful below 40% or more then 95%

9. • Yield analysis
• Yield vs Temperature
• Decrease about 10%-28%
• Temperature increase 2-4

10. Way to
overcome:
• HYV
• Salt tolerant V
• Replacement of crop
• Temperature tolerant V
• Reducing global worming

11. Origin: Wheat originated in Southwest Asia in the area known as the Fertile crescent.
The genetic relationships between einkorn and emmer indicate that the most likely
site of domestication is near Diyarbakır in Turkey. These wild wheats were
domesticated as part of the origins of agriculture in the Fertile Crescent.
Climatic Requirements: Wheat is grown under a wide range of climatic and soil
conditions. In Bangladesh it is a crop of Rabi season, requires dry weather and bright
sunlight. Depending on variety and weather conditions, 100-120 days are required
from sowing to harvest.
Soil Type: Wheat grows well in clayey loam soils.
Wheat
Scientific Name: Triticum aestivum
Variety: BARI Gom 21 (Shatabdi), BARI Gom 24 (Prodip), BARI Gom 23 (Bijoy),
Sonalika, Kanchan, Balaka, Ananda, Akbar, Barkat, and Aghrani.

12. Figure: Triticum aestivum

13. Seed Rate: Considering seed germination of 80% or more, 120 kg seed per hectare is
recommended. However, for the large seeded variety (BARI Gom 24), 15-20 kg more seed
per hectare is recommended to maintain standard plant population.
Rainfall: Well distributed rainfall between 40 and 110 cm is congenial for its growth.
Crop System: Farmers in Bangladesh grow wheat fitting the crop in their intensive rice based
cropping systems. About 80 percent of wheat area is planted in a three-crop rotation, 60 percent
being aush rice, transplanted aman rice-wheat and 20 percent being jute-transplanted aman rice-
wheat
Planting Time: The optimum sowing time for wheat is 15-30 November. Since the winter
is prolonged to some extent in the northern region, seeds could be sown up to first week of
December for optimum yield. If seeds are sown beyond this time, yield may be decreased by
1.3% for each day delay. However, varieties like BARI Gom 23, BARI Gom 24, BARI Gom 25,
BARI Gom 26, and BARI Gom 28 possess good level of heat tolerance and can be sown up to
mid December with moderate yield

14. Sunlight: Requires bright sunlight
Area: The total area under wheat crop has been estimated 10,99,158 acres (4,44,805
hectares) compared to 10,79,411 acres (4,36,814 hectares) of the last year.
Comparative area estimates are shown below;

15. Production: Total production of wheat has been estimated 13,48,186 metric tons
compared to 13,47,926 metric tons of the last year, which is 0.02% higher. A
comparative estimates of wheat production are shown below:

16. Present Situation: Average yield rate of wheat has been estimated 32.86 maunds
per acre (3.031 metric tons per hectare) which is 1.78% lower than that of last year.
Comparison of estimated yield rates of wheat is shown below:

17. Maize
Third most important cereals after rice and wheat. Mostly grown in cool winter Rabi
season in North-West and central Bangladesh.

18. Scientific Name: Zea mays
Origin: Southern America. It is generally believed that the Portuguese introduced it to India
from Europe during the early part of sixteenth century. There is no evidence for its existence on
the Indian plains in pre Columbian times.
Climatic requirement: It is a short day plant a crop of warm weather. Maize is rapidly
growing and day neutral grain crops. It can be successfully grown where right temperature does
not go below 15. Optimum temperature for maize germination is 21 and growth 34 . Optimum
temperature for maize at tasseling is 21-30 .
Soil: Maize can be cultivated all types of soil except sand and heavy clay. Well drained , fertile
sandy loam or loamy soil is appropriate for maize cultivation. It can be grown successfully on
moderately acid soils and the optimum pH range is 5.5-7.5 , but 6.0-7.0 is the optimum.

19. Rainfall: Maize can be grown in a wide range of rainfall (25cm – 500cm rainfall) but
sensitive to stagnant water particularly during its early growth stage. Moisture
requirements are the highest during tasseling, silking and pollination. Most sensitive
stage of irrigation is 30 days before pollination.
Seed rate: Barnali, shuvra , Mohor and others: 25-30 kg/ha
Khoi Bhutta: 15-20 kg/ha
Hybrid varieties : 20-22 kg/ha
These rate are recommended for grain production. But fodder production the seed rate should be
60-100 kg/ha .
Planting time: Maize can be grown throughout the year depending on land availability and
land type. Maize is sensitive to waterlogging and adequate drainage is essential for economic
production, especially on heavy soils. In our country two seasons are followed as bellow:
Rabi: End of October to First week of December
Kharif: Mid Feb-March.

25. Challenges:
1.Competition with boro rice and other winter crops
2.Used only for poultry & fish industry
3.Price hiking of production inputs
4.Increase of saline and drought area due to climate change

26. What should we do ?
1. To keep pace with future demand of maize concurrently decreasing of
cultivable land, vertical and horizontal expansion need to be taken through
improving maize productivity.
2. It needs to increase maize area in southern belt, hilly area, char land and in
drought areas where thousands of hectares of land remain fallow during rabi and
kharif seasons by adopting suitable variety.

27. Potato
Potato
May be
originated
in South
America
Tubers from
solanaceae
family
Adults
consume
36-93
calorie
4th most
important
food in the
world

28. Soil and Land Preparation
Can grow almost all type of soil except saline and alkaline soil
Naturally loose soil
Loamy and sandy loam that enrich of organic matter
With good drainage aeration are moist suitable pH range of 5.2-6.4 is
considered ideal
Soil should be harrowed properly

29. Overwatering encourages lenticel
development
Overwatering can result in tuber splitting
Alternaria blight

30. Temperature
Grown more than 100 countries ,under
temparature,Subtropical, and tropical conditions.
“Cool weather crop”
Tuber growth is sharply inhibited in temperature below
10°C
(50°F) and above 30°C(86°F)
Optimum yields obtained mean daily temperature
between 18 to 20°C(64 to 68°F)

31. Growing Season for potato
Planted in early spring in temperature zones
Late winter in warmer regions
Coolest months of the year in hot tropical climate
In some subtropical high lands, mild temperature farmers
allow to grow potatoes through out the year(in temp.
climate such as northern Europe it can take up 150 days)
Humidity/Relative Humidity(RH)
 Plants grown for 56 days under continuous 20°C and
50%-85% relative humidity
 85% RH produced higher tuber
 50% RH produced more larger leaf and green than 80%
RH

33. Impact of Climate Change on Global
Potato
 From 1961-1990 and 2040-2069 the global average temperature predicted
to increase between 2.1 and 3.2°C depending on the climate scenario. For
this period
 Global potential potato yields decreases by 18% to 32% and by 9% to
18%
 In lower latitude due to global warming negative effect will occurs in
potato production such as –
-the smaller size of potato,
-Later maturing cultivars etc.

34. Sprout
development
Vegetative
growth
Tuber
initiation
Tuber
Bulking&
maturation

35. Sugarcane
★A c4 plant.
★Suitable in Temperate region.
★Efficient converters of solar energy
★Known as “ikshu “ in BANGLADESH and main
source of sugar and gur.
★Contribution of sugarcane to national GDP is about
0.78%
★In Bangladesh sugarcane is grown in about 0.38
million acres of land.
★About 5 million people depend on sugarcane
cultivation in BANGLADESH.

36. Origin & Growing Area
• Have originated in INDIA.
• Now it is grown in INDIA,BANGLADESH,BRAZIL,CUBA,
PAKISTAN, PHILIPPINES, ARGENTINA, COLOMBIA,
INDONESIA, SOUTH AFRICA, and EGYPT.
• In BANGLADESH,the major sugarcane growing district
are Rajshahi, kustia, jessore, Dinajpur, Rangpur, Faridpur,
Mymensingh, Tangail, jamalpur, and Dhaka.

37. Sugarcane Growing Areas in
BANGLADESH

38. Land and Soil
• High land and
medium high land
with well drained.
• Sugarcane grows
well in alluvium
and light-clay soil.
Moist clay-loam
with
good drainage is
the best soil for
cane.
• pH 6.5 to 7.5 is
most suitable.

39. Temperature Requirements for Sugarcane
• It requires warm climate for growth while cool, sunny and dry
climate for ripening.
• The temperature requirement is 20-38 degree celsius.
• Germination does not take place when temperature goes below
7 degree celsius.
• Both the extremes of temperature is harmful.
• Severe cold arrests the growth, while attack of stem borer
increases in hot weather.

40. Humidity Requirements for Sugarcane
• Adequate moisture for growing.
• Relative humidity: 55 to 80% for growing
phase.
• a fairly dry, sunny and cool, but frost free
season for ripening and harvesting.
• A moderate value of 45-65% coupled with
limited water supply is favorable during the
ripening phase.

41. Solar Radiation Requirements
• Much sunshine is required, particularly at the end of the
growing season, to produce cane with high sugar content.
• Stalk growth increases when daylight is in the range of 10
– 14 hours.
• Solar radiation: 18 – 36 MJ/m2 (Total annual: 6350
MJ/m2)

42. Rainfall for Sugarcane
100 cm to 175 cm (1100 to 1500
mm/annum)rainfall is ideal for sugarcane
production.
 In tropical and sub-tropical regions sugarcane
is grown abundantly due to the lengthening of
the period of rainy season
It can be grown nicely on sea coast as salty
wind is good for its fertility for the cultivation
of the crop.

43. Effect of climate on sugarcane yields and
sugar recovery
• The sugarcane productivity and juice quality are
profoundly influenced by weather conditions
prevailing during the various crop-growth sub-
periods.
• Sugar recovery is highest when the weather is
dry with low humidity.
• bright sunshine hours, cooler nights with wide
diurnal variations and very little rainfall during
ripening period
• . These conditions favour high sugar

44. Cotton
Origin: Exactly not found.
Mexico, 7000 years old.
Indus river valley, 2600-1700BC
# In Bangladesh Cotton was introduced
since Mughal reign.
# Maslin of Dacca (Dhaka)
# Cotton (Gossypium sp.) is the second largest
cash crop in Bangladesh
. # Cotton is grown in around 42 thousand hectares of
land with a yearly production of nearly 0.15 million bales

45. Climate Requirement
Temperature
23.5 to 32 degree Celsius ,
optimum temperature of 28 degree C.
Rainfall
Minimum of 500mm between germination and boll formation
Optimum annual rainfall 550-1000mm
Soil
Alluvial soil
Deep drain soil with good nutrient content
pH level between 5-8
Season
Early winter (July –August)
Relative Humidity
43 -76% relative humidity

46. Area
Tropical, Sub-tropical
crop
32 districts out of 64
Jessore, Satkhira,
Narail, Kaliganj,
Kushtia, Jenaidaha,
Magura, Faridpur,
Chuadanga.
Frost free days
200 days for desirable
cotton production
Sunshine
Bright and medium long
Upland
Cotton
Hill track
cotton

47. Impact on Climate
• Greenhouse gas emissions:
Consumer use phase(30%–60%),
Manufacture (20%–30%)
Production amount to only 5%–10% of the total
emissions
Production and Growth

48. References
• http://www.wtin.com/article/2015/march/3032015/bangladesh-cotton-imports-to-double-in-six-
years-%E2%80%93conference-told/?channelId=1120
• Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD). Data Collected from BMD Headquarter at
Dhaka(Climate Section), Bangladesh on 15 December 2013.
• STATUS OF COTTON IN BANGLADESH ( MANI SHANKAR MANDOL )
• http://wikipedia.org/cotton%cultivaton%in%bangladesh
• Efficiency and economics in cotton production of Bangladesh Jaba Rani Sarker and Md. Ferdous Alam,
Department of Agricultural Economics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibar Rahman Agricultural University Salna,
Gazipur, Bangladesh