Mahatma Gandhi was an Indian lawyer and activist who led the Indian independence movement against British rule through nonviolent civil disobedience. He helped expose discrimination faced by Indians in South Africa, which led him to develop the principle of satyagraha or nonviolent protest. As the leader of the Indian independence movement, he organized several non-cooperation campaigns including the Salt March to protest British salt taxes. His nonviolent tactics applied constant pressure on the British and helped India gain independence in 1947.

1. Mahatma Gandhi
Arise of Mahatma and How is shape Indian National Movement
Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony. - MK Gandhi
Made by Aman Dhawan

2. Introduction
● Mahatma Gandhi, byname of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi,
● Born October 2, 1869, Porbandar, India—died January 30, 1948, Delhi
● Indian lawyer, politician, social activist, and writer who became the leader of the
nationalist movement against the British rule of India.
● As such, he came to be considered the father of Our country.
● Gandhi is internationally esteemed for his doctrine of nonviolent protest(satyagraha)
to achieve political and social progress.

3. The problem
● Quickly Exposed racial
discrimination and
plight of bonded labour
in South Africa
● defend his dignity as an
Indian
● Organized mass protest
against humiliating ordinance
against Indian in
Johannesburg in September
1906 and, under Gandhi’s
leadership, took a pledge to
defy the ordinance if it
became law in the teeth of
their opposition and to suffer
all the penalties resulting
from their defiance. And so
Satyagraha was born.
while traveling to Pretoria, he
was unceremoniously thrown
out of a first-class railway
compartment.
Which changed him and his
way to protest(to
Nonviolence).
Social Activism in South Africa(1893 - 1914)

4. Struggle for Indian
Independence
(1914 - 1947)
You must not lose faith in
humanity. Humanity is an
ocean; if a few drops of the
ocean are dirty, the ocean
does not become dirty.

5. The problemChamparan satyagraha
● Champaran agitation
was his first major win
in 1917
● Local peasantry was
forced to grow Indigo
crop.(by Britshers)
● took the administration
by surprise and won
concessions from the
authorities
Kheda Agitation
● In 1918, Kheda waw hit by
floods.
● Peasantry was demanding
relief from taxes.
● By mean of Non
Cooperation, initiated vast
signature campaign for Non
payment of taxes.
● Social boycott of mamlatdars
and talatdars .
● At, the end British exempted
farmer for non payment of
taxes
Khilafat Movement
● Uniting Muslim
community against
british by supporting
Ottoman empire.
● Helped him to sideline
Jinnah, who opposed
satyagraha.
Struggle for Indian Independence

6. The problem
● With his book Hind Swaraj
(1909) Gandhi, aged 40,
declared that British rule was
established in India with the
cooperation of Indians and
had survived only because of
this co-operation. If Indians
refused to cooperate, British
rule would collapse and
swaraj would come.
● He emphasised the use of
non-violence to the British and
towards each other, even if the
other side uses violence
● Nonviolent Non-Cooperation
platform to include the
swadeshi policy – the boycott
of foreign-made goods,
especially British goods.
Linked to this was his
advocacy that khadi be worn
by all Indians instead of
British-made textiles.
Jallianwala Bagh
● To control freedom struggle
british passed infamous
Rowlatt Act(1919).
● On April 13, 1919 a people
demonstration was opened
fired by the British resulting in
thousands innocent death.
Which also lead to
widespread riot in the country
and at last end to Non -
cooperation movement
Non - Cooperation

7. The problem
● After his early release from
prison for political crimes in
1924, he continued to pursue
Swaraj.
● He pushed through a
resolution at the Calcutta
Congress in December 1928
calling on the British
government to grant India
dominion status.
● To protest against British and
mobilize countrymen.
● He choose to protest against
the oppressive tax on salt.
● This was highlighted by the
famous Salt March to Dandi
from 12 March to 6 April,
where, together with 78
volunteers, he marched 388
kilometres (241 mi) from
Ahmedabad to Dandi, Gujarat
to make salt himself, with the
declared intention of breaking
the salt laws.
● The march took 25 days to
cover 240 miles with Gandhi
speaking to often huge crowds
along the way. Thousands of
Indians joined him in Dandi.
On 5 May he was interned
under a regulation dating from
1827 in anticipation of a
protest that he had planned.
The protest at Dharasana salt
works on 21 May went ahead
without its leader, Gandhi.
Salt Satyagraha

8. Quit India Movement
● The Quit India Movement, or the August Movement, was a movement launched at the
Bombay session of the All-India Congress Committee by Mahatma Gandhi on 8 August
1942, during World War II, demanding an end to British Rule of India.
● The Cripps Mission had failed, and on 8 August 1942, Gandhi made a call to Do or Die in his
Quit India speech delivered in Bombay at the Gowalia Tank Maidan.
● He urged Indians to Karo ya maro ("Do or die") in the cause of their rights and freedoms