Wireless Personal Area Networks – Bluetooth, UWB and Sensor Networks Manas Rai
This document provides an overview of wireless personal area networks (WPANs), with a focus on Bluetooth technology. Some key points:
- WPANs like Bluetooth operate over short ranges (around 10 meters) and support connections between devices in close proximity, using the ad hoc network model.
- The IEEE 802.15 standards group develops specifications for WPANs, adopting parts of the Bluetooth standard. It focuses on high and low data rate networks.
- Bluetooth is a widely used WPAN technology that allows devices to connect quickly within 10 meters at up to 1 Mbps without cables. It operates in the unlicensed 2.4GHz band.
- Emerging technologies like ultra-wide
This document discusses different types of Internet of Things (IoT) antennas. It begins by explaining that IoT antennas are used for wireless communication between connected devices and are one of two core components of IoT networks, along with wireless modules. It then describes five main types of IoT antennas: (1) Radio Frequency Identification antennas, (2) wearable and implantable antennas, (3) multi-physical quantity sensor antennas, (4) energy harvesting antennas, and (5) on-chip package antennas. It also discusses additional IoT antenna types including external antennas, low-frequency communication antennas, and embedded antennas like ceramic, PCB, flexible PCB, and spring antennas. The document is authored by C&
This document discusses different types of transmission media used in computer networks. It describes various cable types including twisted pair, coaxial, fiber optic and their characteristics. It also covers wireless transmission media like radio waves, microwaves, infrared and compares different media based on cost, speed, attenuation and interference. The document provides details on network cabling standards, fiber optic connectors, wireless frequency bands and antenna types. It concludes with comparisons of wired and wireless media.
The document discusses wireless communication and provides definitions and descriptions of various wireless technologies. It defines wireless communication as telecommunication systems that transfer information without wires using forms of energy like radio waves. It then provides overviews of different types of wireless communication technologies including cellular systems, wireless local area networks (WLAN), satellite systems, paging systems, and Bluetooth (Personal Area Network). For each technology, it discusses their key characteristics and applications.
Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN): Lowrate amd High RateDon Norwood
This document provides an overview of wireless personal area networks (WPANs) and discusses two specific WPAN standards, 802.15.3 (WPAN-LR) and 802.15.13a (WPAN-HR). It describes the components and design considerations of wireless sensor networks, including their applications, network models, protocol stacks involving different layers, and power, mobility and task management planes. Diagrams are included illustrating a WPAN standard summary, wireless sensor network model, sensor node components, and the sensor network protocol stack.
This document summarizes several wireless communication technologies and power generation methods. It discusses Global Positioning Systems (GPS), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), 3G, 5G, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, Bluetooth, Near Field Communication (NFC), Infrared (IR), Radio Frequency (RF), socket programming, Local Area Networks (LAN), Wide Area Networks (WAN), and power generation using solar, wind, geothermal, batteries, AC/DC power, nuclear, fossil fuels, and hydro sources.
Wireless Personal Area Networks – Bluetooth, UWB and Sensor Networks Manas Rai
This document provides an overview of wireless personal area networks (WPANs), with a focus on Bluetooth technology. Some key points:
- WPANs like Bluetooth operate over short ranges (around 10 meters) and support connections between devices in close proximity, using the ad hoc network model.
- The IEEE 802.15 standards group develops specifications for WPANs, adopting parts of the Bluetooth standard. It focuses on high and low data rate networks.
- Bluetooth is a widely used WPAN technology that allows devices to connect quickly within 10 meters at up to 1 Mbps without cables. It operates in the unlicensed 2.4GHz band.
- Emerging technologies like ultra-wide
This document discusses different types of Internet of Things (IoT) antennas. It begins by explaining that IoT antennas are used for wireless communication between connected devices and are one of two core components of IoT networks, along with wireless modules. It then describes five main types of IoT antennas: (1) Radio Frequency Identification antennas, (2) wearable and implantable antennas, (3) multi-physical quantity sensor antennas, (4) energy harvesting antennas, and (5) on-chip package antennas. It also discusses additional IoT antenna types including external antennas, low-frequency communication antennas, and embedded antennas like ceramic, PCB, flexible PCB, and spring antennas. The document is authored by C&
This document discusses different types of transmission media used in computer networks. It describes various cable types including twisted pair, coaxial, fiber optic and their characteristics. It also covers wireless transmission media like radio waves, microwaves, infrared and compares different media based on cost, speed, attenuation and interference. The document provides details on network cabling standards, fiber optic connectors, wireless frequency bands and antenna types. It concludes with comparisons of wired and wireless media.
The document discusses wireless communication and provides definitions and descriptions of various wireless technologies. It defines wireless communication as telecommunication systems that transfer information without wires using forms of energy like radio waves. It then provides overviews of different types of wireless communication technologies including cellular systems, wireless local area networks (WLAN), satellite systems, paging systems, and Bluetooth (Personal Area Network). For each technology, it discusses their key characteristics and applications.
Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN): Lowrate amd High RateDon Norwood
This document provides an overview of wireless personal area networks (WPANs) and discusses two specific WPAN standards, 802.15.3 (WPAN-LR) and 802.15.13a (WPAN-HR). It describes the components and design considerations of wireless sensor networks, including their applications, network models, protocol stacks involving different layers, and power, mobility and task management planes. Diagrams are included illustrating a WPAN standard summary, wireless sensor network model, sensor node components, and the sensor network protocol stack.
This document summarizes several wireless communication technologies and power generation methods. It discusses Global Positioning Systems (GPS), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), 3G, 5G, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, Bluetooth, Near Field Communication (NFC), Infrared (IR), Radio Frequency (RF), socket programming, Local Area Networks (LAN), Wide Area Networks (WAN), and power generation using solar, wind, geothermal, batteries, AC/DC power, nuclear, fossil fuels, and hydro sources.
Lec 1 introduction to wireless communication(1)Ravi Patel
This document provides an overview of wireless communication technologies and concepts. It begins with a brief history of wireless technologies from the late 19th century to present. Key topics covered include the differences between wired and wireless channels, how wireless overcomes interference challenges, and major wireless concepts like OFDM and MIMO. Modern wireless systems like 802.11, 3G, and WiMAX are introduced. The document also discusses wireless networking architectures, protocols, and standards for technologies like satellite, cellular, cordless, and wireless local area networks. It concludes with the growth and future potential of wireless communication.
The document discusses wireless networks and their use in libraries. It provides definitions of wireless networks and explains how they allow data transfer without cables by using radio waves. It describes the advantages wireless networks provide for users and libraries, such as mobility, easy access to information, and simplified network configuration. The document also discusses common wireless network standards and security measures used. Overall, the document conveys that wireless connectivity in libraries offers convenient access to library resources and services for users regardless of their location.
The document provides an overview of wireless networks, including:
1. Wireless networks interconnect systems capable of providing mobile service within a geographic region without physical cables.
2. Components include base stations, mobile switching centers, and public telephone networks. Wireless networks offer mobility, lower installation costs, and flexibility over wired networks but have lower speeds and security.
3. Basic components are wireless network interface cards, access points, and hardware like antennas. Wireless modes include ad-hoc peer-to-peer and infrastructure with access points. Security methods are SSIDs, MAC filtering, and encryption.
This document provides an overview of wireless communication. It discusses the basics of wireless communication including transmitting information using electromagnetic waves through open space. It also discusses the evolution of wireless networks from wired cables to current technologies like WiFi, Bluetooth, and GiFi. The document covers the advantages and disadvantages of wireless communication and compares different wireless technologies based on features like speed, range, and power consumption. Finally, it provides details on current wireless systems including cellular networks, wireless local area networks (WLANs), and satellite communication systems.
The document discusses the history and evolution of wireless networking technologies. It covers early wireless technologies like cellular networks and infrared, as well as modern standards like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, WiMAX, and 3G/4G cellular networks. It also discusses different types of wireless networks including WLANs, wireless mesh networks, personal area networks, and wireless wide area networks. Security concerns with wireless technologies are also addressed.
Wireless communication involves transmitting information such as voice and data through electromagnetic waves without wires. It allows for flexible and mobile connectivity between devices. The document discusses various topics related to wireless communication including point-to-point communication, multiuser systems, modulation techniques, channel models and capacity. It provides an overview of the evolution of wireless technologies and applications.
Overview of wireless and mobile technologies.
Advances in signal processing technologies are a technological driver for wireless technologies. Different technologies like 3G (WAN), WLAN (LAN), Bluetooth (PAN) and WiMAX (MAN) target different applications and markets. Since most of the frequency spectrum is still regulated in the different countries, newer technologies aim for non-regulated bands such as the 2.4GHz and 5GHz ISM bands.
In order to fully exploit untethered operation, wireless devices are fitted with roaming and handover protocols like 802.11r or Mobile IP. Layer 2 protocols typically provide faster handover but are restricted to specific link layer protocols. Layer 3 or higher protocols like Mobile IP are independent of the link layer thus work across heterogeneous networks.
It includes defination and components of network, types of network according to area coverage, along with major types of transmission/communication media.
Local multipoint distribution service(lmds)Vivek Kumar
The document discusses a seminar on Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS). LMDS is a wireless technology that provides high-capacity point-to-multipoint data access using low-powered signals in the 25-31 GHz range. The seminar covers the introduction, architecture, equipment, design issues, applications, and benefits of LMDS networks. Key topics include the cellular design of LMDS cells spaced 4-5 km apart, the use of highly directional antennas, and LMDS providing applications such as wireless LAN, broadband local loop, and transmission of voice, video, and data services.
Optimization of Complete Monopole Antennato Exhibit Wideband Capabilities.IOSR Journals
This document describes the optimization of a complete monopole antenna design to exhibit wideband capabilities. It discusses designing a U-shaped and triangular shaped monopole antenna using CST simulation software. The effects of varying parameters of the ground plane, U-shaped strip width and length are analyzed. Varying the ground plane parameters P1 and P2 improves the impedance bandwidth of the upper band. Increasing the U-shaped strip width shifts the lower band to higher frequencies. Changing the U-shaped strip length shifts both the lower and upper bands to lower frequencies. The optimized antenna design covers 2.4-2.77 GHz and 3.2-6.3 GHz bands for wireless applications.
Wireless comm & wireless network my seminarNaveed Farhana
The document is a presentation about wireless communications and wireless networks. It discusses key topics such as wireless technology, IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN standards, secure wireless LANs, and migrating to wireless LANs. The presentation outlines different wireless network types, how wireless LANs work and differ from wired LANs, common wireless network topologies, and details of specific 802.11 wireless standards including 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g.
This document summarizes transmission media, which is the means of transmitting data from one place to another. It discusses two main types: guided media, which uses physical conductors like twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber; and unguided media, which transmits electromagnetic signals through air like radio waves, microwaves, infrared, and lasers. Each type of media is then described in 1-2 sentences regarding its characteristics and applications.
The document discusses various types of wireless communication technologies. It describes how wireless communication allows transmission of information through electromagnetic waves like radio frequency and infrared without wires. It provides details on different wireless technologies including satellite communication, infrared, microwave communication, WiFi, Bluetooth, mobile communication systems and more. It also discusses concepts like multiple access techniques, wireless standards and comparisons of wireless generations.
This document provides an overview of wireless communication. It begins with definitions of wireless communication and a brief history noting Marconi's pioneering work. Benefits of wireless include mobility, flexibility, low infrastructure costs and reliability. Challenges include interference, security concerns and potential health effects from radiation. The basic elements of a wireless system are described as the transmission path, channel and reception path. Wireless systems can operate in simplex, half-duplex or full-duplex modes.
Wireless local loop (WLL) provides wireless connections for stationary users as an alternative to wired connections. It targets the "last mile" between a neighborhood access point and end users. Key advantages include lower installation costs than wiring due to reduced digging and infrastructure requirements, as well as rapid deployment. WLL systems face challenges around spectrum licensing, maintaining wireline-level service quality, and planning networks to achieve high penetration levels while supporting limited user mobility within coverage areas. Common WLL technologies include cellular, satellite, and fixed wireless access using licensed or unlicensed spectrum.
A virtual LAN (VLAN) allows geographically dispersed network nodes to communicate as if they were on the same physical network by logically grouping nodes. A switch that supports VLANs allows the administrator to group specific switch ports together in a VLAN. Data passed between these ports will be isolated from other switch ports. Wired media like twisted pair wire, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable can be used to physically connect network nodes, with each having advantages and disadvantages regarding attributes like noise absorption, bandwidth, and security.
This document summarizes key aspects of smartphone antenna design and the challenges associated with electromagnetic radiation. It discusses that smartphones have multiple antennas to support various wireless technologies. The different frequency bands used can interfere with each other, posing a major challenge. It also describes efforts to reduce electromagnetic interference and evaluate radiation absorption, known as Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). Regulatory bodies set safe SAR limits for public health as excessive radiation from phones is known to generate heat in human tissues.
This document discusses different types of data transmission media including twisted pair wire, coaxial cable, microwave systems, communication satellites, and optical fibers. It provides details on each medium, describing their basic components, how data is transmitted through each one, advantages, limitations and typical applications. The key transmission media discussed are twisted pair wire for short distance digital transmission, coaxial cable for longer phone and cable lines, microwave systems for line-of-sight transmission, and optical fibers which can transmit data at very high speeds over long distances with no signal loss.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Chapter 1 computer networking Class 12thHarsh Mathur
A computer network connects multiple devices together to share resources and exchange data. Common network types include personal area networks (PANs) covering small areas up to 10 meters, local area networks (LANs) spanning small offices or homes, and wide area networks (WANs) connecting larger geographic areas. Devices communicate over the network via wired or wireless transmission using various protocols like TCP/IP. Common networking devices that help establish and maintain connections include switches, routers, and wireless access points.
seminar paper on BROADBAND OVER POWER LINES. It is the method of data transfer through the existing power lines.
"Wherever electricity is available there could be broadband"
Lec 1 introduction to wireless communication(1)Ravi Patel
This document provides an overview of wireless communication technologies and concepts. It begins with a brief history of wireless technologies from the late 19th century to present. Key topics covered include the differences between wired and wireless channels, how wireless overcomes interference challenges, and major wireless concepts like OFDM and MIMO. Modern wireless systems like 802.11, 3G, and WiMAX are introduced. The document also discusses wireless networking architectures, protocols, and standards for technologies like satellite, cellular, cordless, and wireless local area networks. It concludes with the growth and future potential of wireless communication.
The document discusses wireless networks and their use in libraries. It provides definitions of wireless networks and explains how they allow data transfer without cables by using radio waves. It describes the advantages wireless networks provide for users and libraries, such as mobility, easy access to information, and simplified network configuration. The document also discusses common wireless network standards and security measures used. Overall, the document conveys that wireless connectivity in libraries offers convenient access to library resources and services for users regardless of their location.
The document provides an overview of wireless networks, including:
1. Wireless networks interconnect systems capable of providing mobile service within a geographic region without physical cables.
2. Components include base stations, mobile switching centers, and public telephone networks. Wireless networks offer mobility, lower installation costs, and flexibility over wired networks but have lower speeds and security.
3. Basic components are wireless network interface cards, access points, and hardware like antennas. Wireless modes include ad-hoc peer-to-peer and infrastructure with access points. Security methods are SSIDs, MAC filtering, and encryption.
This document provides an overview of wireless communication. It discusses the basics of wireless communication including transmitting information using electromagnetic waves through open space. It also discusses the evolution of wireless networks from wired cables to current technologies like WiFi, Bluetooth, and GiFi. The document covers the advantages and disadvantages of wireless communication and compares different wireless technologies based on features like speed, range, and power consumption. Finally, it provides details on current wireless systems including cellular networks, wireless local area networks (WLANs), and satellite communication systems.
The document discusses the history and evolution of wireless networking technologies. It covers early wireless technologies like cellular networks and infrared, as well as modern standards like Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, WiMAX, and 3G/4G cellular networks. It also discusses different types of wireless networks including WLANs, wireless mesh networks, personal area networks, and wireless wide area networks. Security concerns with wireless technologies are also addressed.
Wireless communication involves transmitting information such as voice and data through electromagnetic waves without wires. It allows for flexible and mobile connectivity between devices. The document discusses various topics related to wireless communication including point-to-point communication, multiuser systems, modulation techniques, channel models and capacity. It provides an overview of the evolution of wireless technologies and applications.
Overview of wireless and mobile technologies.
Advances in signal processing technologies are a technological driver for wireless technologies. Different technologies like 3G (WAN), WLAN (LAN), Bluetooth (PAN) and WiMAX (MAN) target different applications and markets. Since most of the frequency spectrum is still regulated in the different countries, newer technologies aim for non-regulated bands such as the 2.4GHz and 5GHz ISM bands.
In order to fully exploit untethered operation, wireless devices are fitted with roaming and handover protocols like 802.11r or Mobile IP. Layer 2 protocols typically provide faster handover but are restricted to specific link layer protocols. Layer 3 or higher protocols like Mobile IP are independent of the link layer thus work across heterogeneous networks.
It includes defination and components of network, types of network according to area coverage, along with major types of transmission/communication media.
Local multipoint distribution service(lmds)Vivek Kumar
The document discusses a seminar on Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS). LMDS is a wireless technology that provides high-capacity point-to-multipoint data access using low-powered signals in the 25-31 GHz range. The seminar covers the introduction, architecture, equipment, design issues, applications, and benefits of LMDS networks. Key topics include the cellular design of LMDS cells spaced 4-5 km apart, the use of highly directional antennas, and LMDS providing applications such as wireless LAN, broadband local loop, and transmission of voice, video, and data services.
Optimization of Complete Monopole Antennato Exhibit Wideband Capabilities.IOSR Journals
This document describes the optimization of a complete monopole antenna design to exhibit wideband capabilities. It discusses designing a U-shaped and triangular shaped monopole antenna using CST simulation software. The effects of varying parameters of the ground plane, U-shaped strip width and length are analyzed. Varying the ground plane parameters P1 and P2 improves the impedance bandwidth of the upper band. Increasing the U-shaped strip width shifts the lower band to higher frequencies. Changing the U-shaped strip length shifts both the lower and upper bands to lower frequencies. The optimized antenna design covers 2.4-2.77 GHz and 3.2-6.3 GHz bands for wireless applications.
Wireless comm & wireless network my seminarNaveed Farhana
The document is a presentation about wireless communications and wireless networks. It discusses key topics such as wireless technology, IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN standards, secure wireless LANs, and migrating to wireless LANs. The presentation outlines different wireless network types, how wireless LANs work and differ from wired LANs, common wireless network topologies, and details of specific 802.11 wireless standards including 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g.
This document summarizes transmission media, which is the means of transmitting data from one place to another. It discusses two main types: guided media, which uses physical conductors like twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical fiber; and unguided media, which transmits electromagnetic signals through air like radio waves, microwaves, infrared, and lasers. Each type of media is then described in 1-2 sentences regarding its characteristics and applications.
The document discusses various types of wireless communication technologies. It describes how wireless communication allows transmission of information through electromagnetic waves like radio frequency and infrared without wires. It provides details on different wireless technologies including satellite communication, infrared, microwave communication, WiFi, Bluetooth, mobile communication systems and more. It also discusses concepts like multiple access techniques, wireless standards and comparisons of wireless generations.
This document provides an overview of wireless communication. It begins with definitions of wireless communication and a brief history noting Marconi's pioneering work. Benefits of wireless include mobility, flexibility, low infrastructure costs and reliability. Challenges include interference, security concerns and potential health effects from radiation. The basic elements of a wireless system are described as the transmission path, channel and reception path. Wireless systems can operate in simplex, half-duplex or full-duplex modes.
Wireless local loop (WLL) provides wireless connections for stationary users as an alternative to wired connections. It targets the "last mile" between a neighborhood access point and end users. Key advantages include lower installation costs than wiring due to reduced digging and infrastructure requirements, as well as rapid deployment. WLL systems face challenges around spectrum licensing, maintaining wireline-level service quality, and planning networks to achieve high penetration levels while supporting limited user mobility within coverage areas. Common WLL technologies include cellular, satellite, and fixed wireless access using licensed or unlicensed spectrum.
A virtual LAN (VLAN) allows geographically dispersed network nodes to communicate as if they were on the same physical network by logically grouping nodes. A switch that supports VLANs allows the administrator to group specific switch ports together in a VLAN. Data passed between these ports will be isolated from other switch ports. Wired media like twisted pair wire, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable can be used to physically connect network nodes, with each having advantages and disadvantages regarding attributes like noise absorption, bandwidth, and security.
This document summarizes key aspects of smartphone antenna design and the challenges associated with electromagnetic radiation. It discusses that smartphones have multiple antennas to support various wireless technologies. The different frequency bands used can interfere with each other, posing a major challenge. It also describes efforts to reduce electromagnetic interference and evaluate radiation absorption, known as Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). Regulatory bodies set safe SAR limits for public health as excessive radiation from phones is known to generate heat in human tissues.
This document discusses different types of data transmission media including twisted pair wire, coaxial cable, microwave systems, communication satellites, and optical fibers. It provides details on each medium, describing their basic components, how data is transmitted through each one, advantages, limitations and typical applications. The key transmission media discussed are twisted pair wire for short distance digital transmission, coaxial cable for longer phone and cable lines, microwave systems for line-of-sight transmission, and optical fibers which can transmit data at very high speeds over long distances with no signal loss.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Chapter 1 computer networking Class 12thHarsh Mathur
A computer network connects multiple devices together to share resources and exchange data. Common network types include personal area networks (PANs) covering small areas up to 10 meters, local area networks (LANs) spanning small offices or homes, and wide area networks (WANs) connecting larger geographic areas. Devices communicate over the network via wired or wireless transmission using various protocols like TCP/IP. Common networking devices that help establish and maintain connections include switches, routers, and wireless access points.
seminar paper on BROADBAND OVER POWER LINES. It is the method of data transfer through the existing power lines.
"Wherever electricity is available there could be broadband"
The document discusses various topics related to computer networks including network topologies, physical transmission mediums like twisted pair, coaxial cable and optical fiber, wireless transmission methods like radio waves and infrared, networking devices, internet protocols, and the growth and structure of the internet. It provides information on common network architectures, technologies, and software used to connect devices globally.
This document discusses various access technologies used for broadband internet connections, including DSL, cable, wireless, and microwave radio systems. It describes technologies like ADSL, VDSL, HDSL, and DOCSIS that provide internet access over existing telephone lines or cable infrastructure. Wireless options like Wi-Fi, WiMAX, MMDS, and 3G cellular are also summarized. The document concludes with an overview of microwave radio systems, discussing technologies like parabolic antennas, repeaters, multipath fading, and environmental factors that can impact microwave signals.
The document provides an overview of various wireless technologies, including their standards, operating frequencies, data rates, ranges, and power consumption. It discusses radio frequency spectrum reuse through spread spectrum technology and some problems with radio technology like hidden stations, eavesdropping, reliability, and power consumption. It then provides more details on 802.11 WLAN/WiFi technologies, including the different standards, operating modes, protocol stack, and frame structure.
This document discusses broadband powerline communication (BPL) networks and analyzing them using Wireshark software. BPL uses power lines to transmit high-speed digital data over long distances. Wireshark is an open-source network packet analyzer that can be used to capture network traffic from BPL systems and compare parameters between different sites. It allows viewing detailed protocol information and statistics to troubleshoot network problems. While BPL and Wireshark have benefits, power line networks can be noisy and transformers may block high frequency signals, requiring repeaters. Electromagnetic compatibility is also a challenge for effective BPL deployment.
Transmission media are located below the physical layer and are used to transmit signals representing data in the form of electromagnetic energy. There are two main types of transmission media: guided and unguided. Guided media like twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and fiber optic cable provide a conduit for transmission. Factors like transmission rate, cost, environmental resistance, and distance must be considered when choosing a transmission medium. Twisted pair is the most commonly used guided medium and comes in shielded and unshielded varieties. Coaxial cable provides higher bandwidth but is more difficult to install. Fiber optic cable has the highest bandwidth but is also the most expensive. Unguided media like radio waves, infrared, and microwaves transmit
Bluetooth technology allows electronic devices to connect wirelessly within short ranges of up to around 30 feet. It was developed in 1994 to enable both voice and data communication between devices like cell phones, PDAs, headphones, keyboards and other electronics. The technology was named after the Danish king Harald Bluetooth who united Denmark and spread Christianity in the 10th century. Major companies like Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Toshiba and Nokia came together to form the Bluetooth Special Interest Group to develop and support the Bluetooth standard.
The document discusses various transmission media used for data transmission. It describes guided media such as twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, and optical fibers as well as unguided media like infrared, Bluetooth, WiFi, WiMAX, and radio waves. It provides details on their working principles, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, and applications for local area networks and data transmission.
9-29-15 IEEE-CVT Presentation by EH-FinalEd Hightower
The document discusses the history and key components of machine-to-machine (M2M) communications and the Internet of Things (IoT). It describes the evolution of wireless networks from early telegraph and telephone technologies to current cellular, WiFi, and low-power wide area network options. It also outlines the main elements of IoT systems including devices, networks, and backend infrastructure.
Bluetooth is a wireless technology standard that allows various digital devices to connect and exchange information over short distances without wires. It uses radio waves that can transmit up to 10 meters and allows up to 8 devices to connect in a personal area network (PAN). The presentation discusses the history of Bluetooth, how it works using frequency hopping, its advantages over infrared technology, applications, benefits like ease of use and globally accepted standard, and competing wireless technologies.
Telecommunication Services for High Rise BuildingsPang Shuen
The document discusses telecommunication services for high-rise buildings. It introduces telecommunication systems and challenges in high-rise buildings like fire safety and efficient service. It covers applications like fiber optics and copper cables. It also discusses structured cabling systems, main distribution frames, telecom rooms, and network architectures. Finally, it examines potential problems like damage to cables, maintenance issues, and space shortages as well as examples of cable types. A case study on the Petronas Twin Towers elaborates on its sophisticated internal telecom infrastructure designed to support worldwide operations.
Cable free low cost microwave radio datasheetAbrar Ahmad
CableFree provides low cost microwave radios for wireless networking using licensed frequencies between 6-38GHz. The radios can transmit PDH and IP/Ethernet traffic up to 130Mbps and feature compact indoor and outdoor units, advanced modulation techniques, and flexible network interfaces. Typical applications include point-to-point wireless networking, telecom backbones, and temporary deployments. The radios offer high performance, software-defined capabilities, and low total cost of ownership.
The document provides information on the history and types of wireless LANs and mobile networks. It discusses:
- The early development of wireless technologies from 1971 including ALOHAnet and experimental wireless networks. Standards like IEEE 802.11 were introduced from 1997.
- Types of wireless LANs including infrared, spread spectrum, and narrowband microwave networks. Key standards are also discussed like IEEE 802.11, HiperLAN, Bluetooth, and HomeRF.
- Challenges for wireless networks including improving data rates, addressing security and interference issues, and ensuring system interoperability. Seamless handoff between access points is also discussed.
Transmission Media, Guided and unguided transmission mediaadnanqayum
Transmission Media and its types, Guided and unguided transmission media with examples (guided = (i) Twisted pair cable (ii) Coaxial cable (iii) Fiber optical cable, unguided = (i) Radio wave (ii) Microwave (iii) Infra-red wave)
This document provides an overview of key concepts for performing a basic link budget analysis of a wireless communication system. It discusses factors that influence wireless link performance such as available RF power, bandwidth, required reliability, range and the effects of path loss, multipath and fade margin. It also provides context on spread spectrum techniques and describes the PRISM wireless LAN chipset and its use of DPSK modulation. Examples are given to demonstrate how varying range, data rate and modulation impact system requirements.
The document provides an overview of wireless communication technologies including Bluetooth, Infrared Data Association (IrDA), HomeRF, IEEE 802.11 WiFi, 802.16 WiMax, and wireless hotspots. It defines wireless communication as the transfer of information between two or more points not connected by an electrical conductor using radio waves. Key aspects of various wireless standards are discussed, such as operating frequency and speed, range, and security features. Limitations of wireless technologies including a finite radio spectrum and potential for interference are also noted.
The document discusses wireless local area networks (WLANs) and their advantages over wired networks, including mobility, ease of installation, flexibility, and reduced costs. It describes various WLAN configurations including peer-to-peer networks, client/access point networks, and networks using multiple access points or extension points. The document also covers WLAN standards, hardware components, connection processes, capacity, and technologies used including spread spectrum techniques like direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) and frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS).
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Why You Should Replace Windows 11 with Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 for enhanced perfor...SOFTTECHHUB
The choice of an operating system plays a pivotal role in shaping our computing experience. For decades, Microsoft's Windows has dominated the market, offering a familiar and widely adopted platform for personal and professional use. However, as technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of innovation, alternative operating systems have emerged, challenging the status quo and offering users a fresh perspective on computing.
One such alternative that has garnered significant attention and acclaim is Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, a sleek, powerful, and user-friendly Linux distribution that promises to redefine the way we interact with our devices. With its focus on performance, security, and customization, Nitrux Linux presents a compelling case for those seeking to break free from the constraints of proprietary software and embrace the freedom and flexibility of open-source computing.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
20. Architecture Frequency Plans Modulation and Coding Access Protocols
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22. MagicBubble Architecture Hardware Bubble Hub & external interface connections; Bubble-compliant devices Coverag e Interior of physical structure typically up to ~ 100 kft 2 (~ 10 km 2 ) Accessibility Any compliant device inside the Bubble (multiple Bubble volumes must be connected through standard data interfaces) Phone DSL Cable Satellite
23. Overview - Network Structure External Interfaces Access Point (Hub + Exciter) Bubble Volume Phone DSL Cable Satellite HVAC ducts Electrical wiring Plumbing & sprinkler systems Modulated RF carrier is coupled by Bubble exciter to a convenient element of the building’s structure...
24. Overview - Network Structure (continued) … each piece of which re-couples energy to other nearby elements, setting up a complex near-field electromagnetic standing wave whose relatively long wavelengths cannot propagate well through the relatively small apertures of the structure. Phone DSL Cable Satellite
25. Overview - Network Structure (continued) Any device in the volume capable of receiving (demodulating and decoding) the signal coupled into the infrastructure by the exciter can communicate with any system connected to the hub. Phone DSL Cable Satellite
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27. Top-Level Frequency Plan Frequency Plan (not to scale) Non-restricted bands in FCC unlicensed 0.5 to 54–MHz frequency range 0.505 10 1 20 30 40 54 2 5 RF (MHz) FCC Part 15 Restricted Bands
28. Application & Characteristics LOWER HIGHER No. of Devices Usage / duty cycle BW / data rate Power consumption Cavity leakage Transmit efficiency Frequency and Bandwidth
29. Application & Characteristics (continued) Longer wavelengths, more near-field characteristics; lower data capacity and access requirements, simpler modulations acceptable / advisable; Shorter wavelengths; more prone to radiation and leakage; higher data capacity and access requirements; higher bandwidth efficiency required No. of Devices Usage / duty cycle BW / data rate Power consumption Cavity leakage 0.5 MHz 54 MHz Transmit efficiency 5 MHz
30. Application & Characteristics (continued) No. of Devices Usage / duty cycle BW / data rate Power consumption Cavity leakage Transmit efficiency Longer wavelengths, more near-field characteristics; lower data capacity and access requirements, simpler modulations acceptable / advisable ; Shorter wavelengths; more prone to radiation and leakage; higher data capacity and access requirements; higher bandwidth efficiency required Rigid channel allocation Low data rates Hybrid FDMA/TDMA B/QPSK Contention Channels Higher data rates CDMA / CSMA QAM / CCK 0.5 to 5 MHz 5 to 54 MHz
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33. Summary Fewer devices Broadband High duty cycles TRADE SPACE Large numbers Low rates Low duty cycles Broadband Plan Base Plan Applications Frequency Plans Characteristics Long wavelengths Tight structures Short wavelengths Open structures Separate Low / High Sub-ranges 4 Mbps / 24 Mbps Capacity QPSK / OQPSK FDMA / TDMA Separate Low / High Sub-ranges 4 Mbps / 90+ Mbps Capacity 64/256-QAM, CCK DOCSIS MAC
34. MagicBubble Architecture (continued) Access Protocol Different requirements for different applications; desirable to have few protocols as practical to constrain product development costs data rate number of devices duty cycle/usage Dedicated FDMA and rigidly controlled TDMA Hybrid FDMA/TDMA CDMA; WAP CDMA; CSMA/CD; WAP / SWAP candidate protocols narrowband broadband
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38. Functional Block Diagram … host power availability assumed … wideband, direct conversion software radio … single antenna, three chipsets (RF, processor, DSP modem), tbd interfaces … processor/memory could be integrated with DSP modem BPF ADC DEMOD MAC TV I/F (USB) BURST MOD CPU Bubble RF DAC Memory AC/DC Converter BPF 64-QAM / 256-QAM 27 – 56 Mbps I/F DPLXR QPSK / 16-QAM ~ 3 Mbps
Welcome. This presentation will introduce you to MagicBubble and its patent-pending radio technology. We’ll also discuss the MagicBubble business plan, and introduce you to a remarkable solution that will usher in a new era for access and control of information and electronics in the home and office.