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M3 outlining intro_conclusion
- 1. OUTLINING: Introductions & Conclusions Hello and Goodbye! Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
- 2. Introductions 5 Main Functions of an Introduction • Get Audience’s Attention • State Your Thesis Statement • Establish Importance of Subject • Establish Credibility • Preview Your Main Points Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
- 3. Look at ME! Listen to ME! Ways to get attention • Question Audience • Rhetorical Question • Direct Question • Arouse Curiosity • Stimulate Imagination • Promise Something Beneficial • Amuse the Audience • Energize Audience with your Presence Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
- 4. Why are ya here? State Topic via your Thesis Statement – Make it a declarative statement – Make sure all of your main points tie back to your thesis statement in some way. – The clearer it is the easier it is for your audience to follow your logical reasoning and narrative. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
- 5. Why Should We Listen? Establish Topic’s Importance – Why is it important to you? – Why should it be important to your audience? – Always try to tie the topic back to your audience somehow. – Can use a type of evidence (Statistic, Example, Testimony) to give issue weight. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
- 6. So, who the heck are you? Establish your credibility • Why can you be considered an expert in the field? • What previous experience do you have? Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
- 7. BODY: Tell us what we will hear. Development of a Main Points • Signpost the idea with a transition statement from previous section(s). • State your main point clearly as first sentence of paragraph. • Support this point in following sentences. • Summarize idea and Preview Next Points. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
- 8. Transitions • How you get from one point to the other. • Connects parts of speech to each other. • Exemplifies relationship between points/sections logically. • Internal previews and summaries are also considered transitions. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
- 9. Now…how do ya end this thing? • 3 Main Functions of a Conclusion (ALL conclusions must have these) – Summarize Key Ideas – Activate Audience Response – Provide Closure Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
- 10. Steps to Well-Organized Speech • Attention-Getting • Statement of Topic • Emphasis on importance of topic • Emphasis of speaker credibility • Preview • Body • Summary • Activation of audience response • Closure Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007
Editor's Notes
- TEXTBOOK: Part 4
- HANDOUT: Audience Getting Devices Question Audience Rhetorical Question – don’t really want them to answer – just think about. Could you survive, let alone prosper, on $6-$7 dollars an hour? Direct Question – you really do want your audience to answer. How many people have a relative with a disability? Arouse Curiosity Use a Quote – “What we have here is a failure to communicate.” Intrigue Them – Describe something in a very different way. Stimulate Imagination Create a Scene – “Imagine this…” Relive a Memory – “When I was a kid…” Promise Something Beneficial Think infomercial – This could change your life! Amuse the Audience Energize Audience with your Presence Come in confident, calm and focused. Give your words weight.
- HANDOUT: Thesis Statement Exercise
- HANDOUT: Evaluating Speech Topics
- HANDOUT: Evaluating Speech Topics Why can you be considered an expert in the field? Previous Experience Been playing instrument, sport, etc. for many years; job experience, ex. Me. Grew up in the city you are talking about. Done extensive research. Volunteered for the cause.
- 1 st – Signpost the idea. Should occur in previous section/point. 2 nd – State your main point clearly as first sentence of paragraph. 3 rd – Support this point in following sentences. Explain why you this point is the case. 4 th – Summarize idea and Preview Next Point. Main Point Basics 2-5 Main Points for any Speech. Points must be Mutually Exclusive. Correspond to Thesis. Use Different Organization Patterns. Point Should be Balanced. One sentence or sentence for every point. Today, I will discuss the main functions of both an introduction and a conclusion for a basic public speech. Provides a map for your listeners. Without it difficult to evaluate the rest of your speech. Promise to your audience – Creates expectation. This is what I will talk about. HANDOUT (previous): sample outline
- TEXTBOOK: pages 87-89 HANDOUT: Transitional Expressions SEE: http://www.studygs.net/wrtstr6.htm
- Now…how do ya end this thing? What was that again? Summarize Key Ideas Restate Thesis Statement and summarize your main points Repetition, Repetition, Repetition – solidifies your message in the minds of your audience. Create a cohesive statement about how your main points relate to your thesis statement and goal of speech. Last chance to get them to understand. Now that you know, DO SOMETHING! Activate Audience’s Response Memory Aid – What do you want your audience to walk away and think about? Last Chance for Audience’s Involvement. Tell them what you want them to do with the information you just told them. OK…that’s it! You can GO… Provide Closure for your audience. Circular – refer back to your opening attention getter. I hope you now see why no one can live and prosper on $6-$7 dollars and hour. Support Minimum Wage Increase! Show finality in your words and gestures. Offer closure with declarative statements End with a Bang! – make them leave thinking. If something is not done now, your family, your friends or even you, may be infected next. Can use similar types attention getters as suggested for the introduction.
- Attention-Getting Statement of Topic = thesis statement Emphasis on importance of topic Emphasis of speaker credibility – use SOURCES for informative and persuasive speeches Preview – state what you will be telling use Body – tell us what you will be telling us Summary – review what you told us Activation of audience response – more for persuasive speech Closure – don’t just end or say “I’m done”…use some sentence or quote or ending to let us KNOW you are done