The document discusses principles of xeriscaping or water-conservative landscaping for golf courses. It recommends starting with changing plant species around the clubhouse that require less water, such as blue grama grass or fine fescue grasses. For other areas of the course, it suggests selecting drought tolerant plant species native to the local climate, such as various grasses, shrubs and trees. Specific drought tolerant plant options are provided for different regions. With proper plant selection and maintenance, a golf course can remain attractive while conserving water.
Drought Tolerant Plants - Sea Grant CaliforniaFabienne22Q
ย
Drought tolerant plants can provide benefits like lower water bills and reduced maintenance while being visually appealing. They have evolved mechanisms like waxy leaves and deep roots to withstand dry conditions. Native and Mediterranean plants adapted to local climates often require little water once established. Homeowners can reduce their water use and runoff by replacing lawns with drought tolerant groundcovers, shrubs, and trees and following practices like mulching and deep, infrequent watering. Demonstration gardens showcase attractive options that use water wisely.
Xeriscaping: turf and ornamental grasses for low-water landscapes - Colorado ...Eric851q
ย
This document discusses turf and ornamental grass options for low-water landscapes, or xeriscapes. It recommends selecting grass varieties based on the area's water availability and intended use. Fine-bladed sod-forming grasses like buffalograss or bluegrass are best near houses, while coarse grasses work for outlying areas. Proper soil preparation and deep but infrequent watering are key to establishing drought-tolerant grasses. Ornamental grasses can provide color, texture, and winter interest in xeriscape beds and borders.
Tips for Water Efficiency - Master Gardeners of Nevada County, CaliforniaDanousis85z
ย
This document provides tips for creating a water-efficient landscape. It estimates that up to 50% of household water is used for landscaping. The tips include using drought-tolerant native plants that match the climate, reducing lawn areas, defining separate irrigation zones, and using efficient irrigation practices like drip systems. Proper planning of plant placement according to water needs and exposure, along with use of mulches and hardscaping elements, can help create an attractive water-wise garden.
Rain gardens are landscaped areas designed to capture and filter runoff from rooftops and paved areas. They are an attractive way to protect water quality. To build one, choose a location that receives runoff and has well-draining soil. Dig the area 6-8 inches deep and 8-10 feet wide. Fill it with a soil mixture and plant native wetland plants. Rain gardens hold runoff so it can infiltrate the ground instead of flowing into storm drains. They provide both environmental and aesthetic benefits.
This document provides information on sustainable landscaping practices. It defines sustainable landscaping as an attractive environment that requires minimal inputs like water, fertilizer, and pesticides while balancing the local climate. Some key practices include designing for the site conditions, improving soil quality over time through composting and soil amendments, selecting plants adapted to the climate and soils, using efficient irrigation, and incorporating windbreaks and shade trees for energy conservation. The document emphasizes that sustainable landscaping achieves long-term success through establishing short-term goals like composting and conserving water.
Landscaping: Herbaceous Perennials for Wyoming - University of WyomingFarica46m
ย
This document provides information on preparing soil and planting herbaceous perennials in Wyoming. It discusses doing a soil test to determine soil properties and amendment needs. Most Wyoming soils need organic matter added to support perennial growth. The document recommends adding 2-3 inches of well-aged compost or other organic matter and tilling it into the top 6 inches of soil. It also discusses planting techniques like planning layout, purchasing healthy plants, and planting at the same depth as in the container. Regular watering is important, especially the first few years, to establish the plants.
Selecting Rhodes and Napier grass genotypes for dry areasILRI
ย
A poster prepared by Jenni Ponsens, Evans Basweti and Jean Hanson for the ILRI Annual Program Meeting (APM) 2010, held at ILRI campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, April 14-17, 2010.
Water-Wise Gardening - Washington Native Plant SocietyFiorella58v
ย
The document provides information about the Washington Native Plant Society and resources for learning about native plants in the Puget Sound region. It then discusses different plant communities that are well-adapted to the low summer rainfall including bluffs and forest edges, Olympic rainshadow meadows and south Puget Sound prairies, dry forests, and coastal beach communities. Specific plant recommendations are provided for each community type.
Drought Tolerant Plants - Sea Grant CaliforniaFabienne22Q
ย
Drought tolerant plants can provide benefits like lower water bills and reduced maintenance while being visually appealing. They have evolved mechanisms like waxy leaves and deep roots to withstand dry conditions. Native and Mediterranean plants adapted to local climates often require little water once established. Homeowners can reduce their water use and runoff by replacing lawns with drought tolerant groundcovers, shrubs, and trees and following practices like mulching and deep, infrequent watering. Demonstration gardens showcase attractive options that use water wisely.
Xeriscaping: turf and ornamental grasses for low-water landscapes - Colorado ...Eric851q
ย
This document discusses turf and ornamental grass options for low-water landscapes, or xeriscapes. It recommends selecting grass varieties based on the area's water availability and intended use. Fine-bladed sod-forming grasses like buffalograss or bluegrass are best near houses, while coarse grasses work for outlying areas. Proper soil preparation and deep but infrequent watering are key to establishing drought-tolerant grasses. Ornamental grasses can provide color, texture, and winter interest in xeriscape beds and borders.
Tips for Water Efficiency - Master Gardeners of Nevada County, CaliforniaDanousis85z
ย
This document provides tips for creating a water-efficient landscape. It estimates that up to 50% of household water is used for landscaping. The tips include using drought-tolerant native plants that match the climate, reducing lawn areas, defining separate irrigation zones, and using efficient irrigation practices like drip systems. Proper planning of plant placement according to water needs and exposure, along with use of mulches and hardscaping elements, can help create an attractive water-wise garden.
Rain gardens are landscaped areas designed to capture and filter runoff from rooftops and paved areas. They are an attractive way to protect water quality. To build one, choose a location that receives runoff and has well-draining soil. Dig the area 6-8 inches deep and 8-10 feet wide. Fill it with a soil mixture and plant native wetland plants. Rain gardens hold runoff so it can infiltrate the ground instead of flowing into storm drains. They provide both environmental and aesthetic benefits.
This document provides information on sustainable landscaping practices. It defines sustainable landscaping as an attractive environment that requires minimal inputs like water, fertilizer, and pesticides while balancing the local climate. Some key practices include designing for the site conditions, improving soil quality over time through composting and soil amendments, selecting plants adapted to the climate and soils, using efficient irrigation, and incorporating windbreaks and shade trees for energy conservation. The document emphasizes that sustainable landscaping achieves long-term success through establishing short-term goals like composting and conserving water.
Landscaping: Herbaceous Perennials for Wyoming - University of WyomingFarica46m
ย
This document provides information on preparing soil and planting herbaceous perennials in Wyoming. It discusses doing a soil test to determine soil properties and amendment needs. Most Wyoming soils need organic matter added to support perennial growth. The document recommends adding 2-3 inches of well-aged compost or other organic matter and tilling it into the top 6 inches of soil. It also discusses planting techniques like planning layout, purchasing healthy plants, and planting at the same depth as in the container. Regular watering is important, especially the first few years, to establish the plants.
Selecting Rhodes and Napier grass genotypes for dry areasILRI
ย
A poster prepared by Jenni Ponsens, Evans Basweti and Jean Hanson for the ILRI Annual Program Meeting (APM) 2010, held at ILRI campus, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, April 14-17, 2010.
Water-Wise Gardening - Washington Native Plant SocietyFiorella58v
ย
The document provides information about the Washington Native Plant Society and resources for learning about native plants in the Puget Sound region. It then discusses different plant communities that are well-adapted to the low summer rainfall including bluffs and forest edges, Olympic rainshadow meadows and south Puget Sound prairies, dry forests, and coastal beach communities. Specific plant recommendations are provided for each community type.
The document provides guidance on establishing a native woodland garden at home. It discusses the benefits of woodland gardens and outlines the key steps to create one, including understanding your site conditions, selecting suitable plant communities and species, designing the garden, preparing the garden area, installing plants, and maintaining the garden. The document provides tips on soil type, shade levels, existing vegetation, slopes and drainage to consider during site analysis and design. It also lists plant communities and layers commonly found in native woodlands as well as example plant species that can be incorporated.
Proper Planting Results in Healthy, Water-Efficient Plants: Make Every Drop C...Finola87v
ย
1) Proper planting techniques such as incorporating organic amendments, using mulch, planting in fall, and watering thoroughly before planting can help newly planted plants establish strong root systems and reduce water needs.
2) Good drainage and adequate organic matter in the soil supports plant growth by improving water retention and nutrient availability while allowing for oxygen movement to the roots.
3) Amendments like compost and manure should be incorporated throughout the soil to improve structure, while inorganic amendments can be used to improve drainage in poorly drained soils.
This document provides resources and information for xeriscaping and water-wise gardening in climates similar to southern Alberta. It lists books available at the Medicine Hat College Brooks Campus library on topics like creating prairie xeriscapes and trees and shrubs for the prairies. Online resources on native plant selection and xeriscape design are also included. The document provides tips for soil preparation, plant selection, irrigation, and maintaining mulch to conserve water in landscaping. It highlights the Brooks Environmental Advisory Committee's demonstration of xeriscaping with native and drought-resistant plants.
The 7 Principles of Xeriscape - Parker, ColoradoEric832w
ย
The document discusses xeriscaping, a landscaping concept developed in Colorado to conserve water usage. Xeriscaping uses drought-tolerant plants and efficient irrigation systems to create landscapes that require little supplemental water. It incorporates seven principles: design with different water use zones, efficient irrigation, mulch, soil preparation, appropriate use of turf, low water use plants, and maintenance. By following these principles, homeowners can have attractive, colorful landscapes while conserving water resources.
Xeriscaping - Canadian Nursery Landscape AssociationSimm846q
ย
Xeriscaping is a landscaping concept that saves water through careful planning and design. It groups plants with similar water needs together and uses mulch and efficient irrigation. The goal is to create an attractive landscape that requires little water. Key principles include improving soil, using native and drought-tolerant plants, minimizing turf areas, watering efficiently, and mulching exposed soil. Xeriscaping can be colorful and diverse while reducing the need for fertilizers and frequent watering typical of traditional landscapes.
Native Plants of Maryland: What, When and WhereFulvia52x
ย
This document provides information about selecting native plants for landscaping in Maryland. It begins with an introduction that defines native plants and explains their benefits over non-native species. It then discusses Maryland's three physiographic regions and corresponding soil and light conditions. The document lists native plants by their Latin names and common characteristics. It also identifies several invasive non-native plants that should be avoided. Overall, the document serves as a guide for homeowners to choose native species best suited to their property's growing conditions.
Conserving Water on Home Lawns and Landscapes in New JerseyKardatou54a
ย
The document provides tips for conserving water on home lawns and landscapes in New Jersey. It recommends watering only when needed, improving soil water retention, using drought-tolerant plants, and applying mulches. Specific tips include watering early in the morning, checking soil moisture before watering, gradually adapting plants to infrequent deep watering, reducing lawn size, and topdressing soil with compost to improve water retention.
Xeriscape Gardening in Goulburn Valley, AustraliaEric851q
ย
This document provides information about xeriscape gardening principles and practices for water-efficient landscaping. It discusses the seven principles of xeriscape gardening including proper planning, soil preparation, use of mulch, grouping plants by water needs, and efficient watering techniques. It also provides a list of locally indigenous plants suitable for low water use gardens in the Goulburn Valley region of Australia, including trees, shrubs, ground covers, and grasses. It notes that a water conservation garden has been established at the Royal Botanic Gardens in Melbourne to teach visitors about water-efficient landscaping.
This document provides guidance on designing landscaping to improve water quality. It discusses removing turf grass, adding trees and multiple gardens, and using native plants suitable for local soil conditions. The document explains how to incorporate water quality benefits into an existing landscape by observing where water pools and washes out currently, and adding plants, slopes and depressions to address these issues and improve infiltration. Sample garden designs are also presented that utilize wet and dry zones of plants to filter and absorb water runoff.
Gardening with Native Plants - Victoria, British ColumbiaFujita64g
ย
This guide provides information on creating gardens using native plants that attract birds and butterflies on Vancouver Island. It lists the top 10 native plant picks that are beautiful, hardy and readily available including oceanspray, tall Oregon grape, broad-leaved stonecrop, and woolly sunflower. The guide also includes a plant table with information on 40 native species, their characteristics, compatible plants and suggested uses.
This document provides guidance on planning and designing a water-efficient garden. It emphasizes choosing plants suited to the local climate and soil conditions, using permeable paving and mulch, and minimizing lawn areas which require a lot of water. Specific design principles discussed include considering the property's sun exposure, slope, views and intended use; understanding microclimates; and matching the garden style to one's lifestyle and home. The overall message is that with proper planning, gardens can thrive on natural rainfall without excessive watering.
This document provides information about growing woody ornamentals for cut flowers. It discusses the advantages of woody cuts, including season extension and low pest problems. It recommends selecting plants that produce numerous long stems and have a long vase life. Tips are provided on site preparation, planting, pruning, and harvesting woody cuts. A table lists many suitable plant varieties and their characteristics. Forced branches are discussed as a way to have early flowers. Marketing channels for woody cuts are also described.
Appoquinimink River Association - Rain Gardens BrochureSotirakou964
ย
A rain garden is a shallow depression in the landscape that collects stormwater runoff and allows it to soak into the ground. It is planted with native grasses and plants. Rain gardens provide many benefits, including reducing polluted stormwater runoff, promoting groundwater recharge, and creating habitat for wildlife. They are typically located at the end of roof gutters or drain spouts and are 5-10% the size of the impervious surface area that drains into them. The soil mixture and plant choices are important factors in the function and maintenance of a rain garden.
4.17.2012. 5 things every western gardener should know beforeMTNativeLandscapes
ย
1) Native plants are species that occur naturally in a particular region without human intervention and have evolved with the local ecosystem.
2) Cultivars are plant varieties selected for desirable traits that can be propagated, while maintaining those traits, but are not necessarily native to the region.
3) When planting natives, it is important to choose species from the local area, as they are best adapted to the local soil, moisture, sunlight conditions. This improves their chances of thriving with less maintenance.
4) Designing gardens with native plant communities mimics the natural ecosystems and provides food and habitat for local wildlife like pollinators. It creates a low-maintenance, sustainable landscape.
La Plaza Garden CA: Water Efficient GardeningSotirakou964
ย
This document provides information about La Plaza Garden, a water-efficient demonstration garden in Cotati, California. The garden uses various techniques like drought-tolerant plants, water harvesting, and habitat creation to conserve water and other resources. It includes seven distinct garden areas showcasing different techniques, plants, and habitats. The document also provides additional resources for water-efficient and native plant gardening.
Cover crops and green manures provide several key benefits to agricultural systems. They can be planted in winter or summer as cover crops or living mulches. Winter cover crops, like hairy vetch and rye, protect soil and fix nitrogen over winter in colder climates. Summer cover crops, such as cowpeas and soybeans, provide similar benefits during the summer. Cover crops improve soil organic matter, nitrogen levels, microbial activity, nutrient levels, and structure. They also enhance weed suppression, water retention, and help reduce erosion. Farmers must manage cover crops effectively to realize their benefits while avoiding limitations. Cover crops can be incorporated into crop rotations and pest management systems.
Deciduous Trees for Oklahoma - Oklahoma State UniversityKardatou54a
ย
This document provides a summary of 10 tree care tips for new trees as well as descriptions of deciduous tree species that grow well in Oklahoma. It lists Chinese pistache, lacebark elm, common hackberry, shumard oak, bald cypress, redbud, river birch, goldenrain tree, ginkgo, sweetgum, and other trees along with details on their size, foliage, and adaptability. The summary encourages consulting a local nursery for advice on species suited to specific locations in Oklahoma.
TN: Improving Your Backyard Wildlife HabitatSotirakou964
ย
This document provides guidance on improving backyard wildlife habitat. It discusses wildlife habitat needs including food, cover, water and space. It emphasizes the importance of diversity, edge habitat where different habitats meet, and vertical structure with different vegetation layers. The document provides tables of native plants to attract wildlife and recommendations for shelter, feeders, nest boxes, and water sources. The overall goal is to understand wildlife needs and create a varied backyard habitat that meets requirements for different species.
Xeriscaping: Trees and Shrubs - Colorado State UniversityEric851q
ย
The document provides guidance on selecting trees and shrubs for low-water landscapes, noting that woody plants are a major long-term investment and their selection should consider soil, drainage, exposure and irrigation needs. It offers recommendations for specific tree and shrub species well-suited for xeriscapes in Colorado and notes these plants may have a different aesthetic than traditional landscaping but can be used creatively. New plants should be watered regularly for two years until established but watering can then be gradually reduced.
Xeriscaping: Retrofit Your Yard - Colorado State UniversityEric851q
ย
This document provides tips for retrofitting an existing landscape to be more water efficient, known as xeriscaping. It recommends surveying the yard to identify areas that are difficult to water like steep slopes or narrow strips. Those areas can be converted to low-water ground covers. It also suggests adjusting sprinklers to avoid watering hardscapes and using a drip irrigation system. Proper plant grouping by water needs and limiting hardscapes can further reduce water use.
A Guide to Growing Native Plants in Kapiti, New ZealandKama158x
ย
This document provides information about native plant species suitable for growing in different ecological zones in the Kapiti region. It describes the local conditions of dunelands, lowland terraces, the Nikau belt, Kamahi country and Reikorangi valley. For each zone, key environmental factors are outlined and native plant species are listed that are well-suited to the local soils and climate. The document emphasizes using native species that reflect the natural vegetation when planting to create low-maintenance, ecologically-appropriate gardens.
The document provides guidance on establishing a native woodland garden at home. It discusses the benefits of woodland gardens and outlines the key steps to create one, including understanding your site conditions, selecting suitable plant communities and species, designing the garden, preparing the garden area, installing plants, and maintaining the garden. The document provides tips on soil type, shade levels, existing vegetation, slopes and drainage to consider during site analysis and design. It also lists plant communities and layers commonly found in native woodlands as well as example plant species that can be incorporated.
Proper Planting Results in Healthy, Water-Efficient Plants: Make Every Drop C...Finola87v
ย
1) Proper planting techniques such as incorporating organic amendments, using mulch, planting in fall, and watering thoroughly before planting can help newly planted plants establish strong root systems and reduce water needs.
2) Good drainage and adequate organic matter in the soil supports plant growth by improving water retention and nutrient availability while allowing for oxygen movement to the roots.
3) Amendments like compost and manure should be incorporated throughout the soil to improve structure, while inorganic amendments can be used to improve drainage in poorly drained soils.
This document provides resources and information for xeriscaping and water-wise gardening in climates similar to southern Alberta. It lists books available at the Medicine Hat College Brooks Campus library on topics like creating prairie xeriscapes and trees and shrubs for the prairies. Online resources on native plant selection and xeriscape design are also included. The document provides tips for soil preparation, plant selection, irrigation, and maintaining mulch to conserve water in landscaping. It highlights the Brooks Environmental Advisory Committee's demonstration of xeriscaping with native and drought-resistant plants.
The 7 Principles of Xeriscape - Parker, ColoradoEric832w
ย
The document discusses xeriscaping, a landscaping concept developed in Colorado to conserve water usage. Xeriscaping uses drought-tolerant plants and efficient irrigation systems to create landscapes that require little supplemental water. It incorporates seven principles: design with different water use zones, efficient irrigation, mulch, soil preparation, appropriate use of turf, low water use plants, and maintenance. By following these principles, homeowners can have attractive, colorful landscapes while conserving water resources.
Xeriscaping - Canadian Nursery Landscape AssociationSimm846q
ย
Xeriscaping is a landscaping concept that saves water through careful planning and design. It groups plants with similar water needs together and uses mulch and efficient irrigation. The goal is to create an attractive landscape that requires little water. Key principles include improving soil, using native and drought-tolerant plants, minimizing turf areas, watering efficiently, and mulching exposed soil. Xeriscaping can be colorful and diverse while reducing the need for fertilizers and frequent watering typical of traditional landscapes.
Native Plants of Maryland: What, When and WhereFulvia52x
ย
This document provides information about selecting native plants for landscaping in Maryland. It begins with an introduction that defines native plants and explains their benefits over non-native species. It then discusses Maryland's three physiographic regions and corresponding soil and light conditions. The document lists native plants by their Latin names and common characteristics. It also identifies several invasive non-native plants that should be avoided. Overall, the document serves as a guide for homeowners to choose native species best suited to their property's growing conditions.
Conserving Water on Home Lawns and Landscapes in New JerseyKardatou54a
ย
The document provides tips for conserving water on home lawns and landscapes in New Jersey. It recommends watering only when needed, improving soil water retention, using drought-tolerant plants, and applying mulches. Specific tips include watering early in the morning, checking soil moisture before watering, gradually adapting plants to infrequent deep watering, reducing lawn size, and topdressing soil with compost to improve water retention.
Xeriscape Gardening in Goulburn Valley, AustraliaEric851q
ย
This document provides information about xeriscape gardening principles and practices for water-efficient landscaping. It discusses the seven principles of xeriscape gardening including proper planning, soil preparation, use of mulch, grouping plants by water needs, and efficient watering techniques. It also provides a list of locally indigenous plants suitable for low water use gardens in the Goulburn Valley region of Australia, including trees, shrubs, ground covers, and grasses. It notes that a water conservation garden has been established at the Royal Botanic Gardens in Melbourne to teach visitors about water-efficient landscaping.
This document provides guidance on designing landscaping to improve water quality. It discusses removing turf grass, adding trees and multiple gardens, and using native plants suitable for local soil conditions. The document explains how to incorporate water quality benefits into an existing landscape by observing where water pools and washes out currently, and adding plants, slopes and depressions to address these issues and improve infiltration. Sample garden designs are also presented that utilize wet and dry zones of plants to filter and absorb water runoff.
Gardening with Native Plants - Victoria, British ColumbiaFujita64g
ย
This guide provides information on creating gardens using native plants that attract birds and butterflies on Vancouver Island. It lists the top 10 native plant picks that are beautiful, hardy and readily available including oceanspray, tall Oregon grape, broad-leaved stonecrop, and woolly sunflower. The guide also includes a plant table with information on 40 native species, their characteristics, compatible plants and suggested uses.
This document provides guidance on planning and designing a water-efficient garden. It emphasizes choosing plants suited to the local climate and soil conditions, using permeable paving and mulch, and minimizing lawn areas which require a lot of water. Specific design principles discussed include considering the property's sun exposure, slope, views and intended use; understanding microclimates; and matching the garden style to one's lifestyle and home. The overall message is that with proper planning, gardens can thrive on natural rainfall without excessive watering.
This document provides information about growing woody ornamentals for cut flowers. It discusses the advantages of woody cuts, including season extension and low pest problems. It recommends selecting plants that produce numerous long stems and have a long vase life. Tips are provided on site preparation, planting, pruning, and harvesting woody cuts. A table lists many suitable plant varieties and their characteristics. Forced branches are discussed as a way to have early flowers. Marketing channels for woody cuts are also described.
Appoquinimink River Association - Rain Gardens BrochureSotirakou964
ย
A rain garden is a shallow depression in the landscape that collects stormwater runoff and allows it to soak into the ground. It is planted with native grasses and plants. Rain gardens provide many benefits, including reducing polluted stormwater runoff, promoting groundwater recharge, and creating habitat for wildlife. They are typically located at the end of roof gutters or drain spouts and are 5-10% the size of the impervious surface area that drains into them. The soil mixture and plant choices are important factors in the function and maintenance of a rain garden.
4.17.2012. 5 things every western gardener should know beforeMTNativeLandscapes
ย
1) Native plants are species that occur naturally in a particular region without human intervention and have evolved with the local ecosystem.
2) Cultivars are plant varieties selected for desirable traits that can be propagated, while maintaining those traits, but are not necessarily native to the region.
3) When planting natives, it is important to choose species from the local area, as they are best adapted to the local soil, moisture, sunlight conditions. This improves their chances of thriving with less maintenance.
4) Designing gardens with native plant communities mimics the natural ecosystems and provides food and habitat for local wildlife like pollinators. It creates a low-maintenance, sustainable landscape.
La Plaza Garden CA: Water Efficient GardeningSotirakou964
ย
This document provides information about La Plaza Garden, a water-efficient demonstration garden in Cotati, California. The garden uses various techniques like drought-tolerant plants, water harvesting, and habitat creation to conserve water and other resources. It includes seven distinct garden areas showcasing different techniques, plants, and habitats. The document also provides additional resources for water-efficient and native plant gardening.
Cover crops and green manures provide several key benefits to agricultural systems. They can be planted in winter or summer as cover crops or living mulches. Winter cover crops, like hairy vetch and rye, protect soil and fix nitrogen over winter in colder climates. Summer cover crops, such as cowpeas and soybeans, provide similar benefits during the summer. Cover crops improve soil organic matter, nitrogen levels, microbial activity, nutrient levels, and structure. They also enhance weed suppression, water retention, and help reduce erosion. Farmers must manage cover crops effectively to realize their benefits while avoiding limitations. Cover crops can be incorporated into crop rotations and pest management systems.
Deciduous Trees for Oklahoma - Oklahoma State UniversityKardatou54a
ย
This document provides a summary of 10 tree care tips for new trees as well as descriptions of deciduous tree species that grow well in Oklahoma. It lists Chinese pistache, lacebark elm, common hackberry, shumard oak, bald cypress, redbud, river birch, goldenrain tree, ginkgo, sweetgum, and other trees along with details on their size, foliage, and adaptability. The summary encourages consulting a local nursery for advice on species suited to specific locations in Oklahoma.
TN: Improving Your Backyard Wildlife HabitatSotirakou964
ย
This document provides guidance on improving backyard wildlife habitat. It discusses wildlife habitat needs including food, cover, water and space. It emphasizes the importance of diversity, edge habitat where different habitats meet, and vertical structure with different vegetation layers. The document provides tables of native plants to attract wildlife and recommendations for shelter, feeders, nest boxes, and water sources. The overall goal is to understand wildlife needs and create a varied backyard habitat that meets requirements for different species.
Xeriscaping: Trees and Shrubs - Colorado State UniversityEric851q
ย
The document provides guidance on selecting trees and shrubs for low-water landscapes, noting that woody plants are a major long-term investment and their selection should consider soil, drainage, exposure and irrigation needs. It offers recommendations for specific tree and shrub species well-suited for xeriscapes in Colorado and notes these plants may have a different aesthetic than traditional landscaping but can be used creatively. New plants should be watered regularly for two years until established but watering can then be gradually reduced.
Xeriscaping: Retrofit Your Yard - Colorado State UniversityEric851q
ย
This document provides tips for retrofitting an existing landscape to be more water efficient, known as xeriscaping. It recommends surveying the yard to identify areas that are difficult to water like steep slopes or narrow strips. Those areas can be converted to low-water ground covers. It also suggests adjusting sprinklers to avoid watering hardscapes and using a drip irrigation system. Proper plant grouping by water needs and limiting hardscapes can further reduce water use.
A Guide to Growing Native Plants in Kapiti, New ZealandKama158x
ย
This document provides information about native plant species suitable for growing in different ecological zones in the Kapiti region. It describes the local conditions of dunelands, lowland terraces, the Nikau belt, Kamahi country and Reikorangi valley. For each zone, key environmental factors are outlined and native plant species are listed that are well-suited to the local soils and climate. The document emphasizes using native species that reflect the natural vegetation when planting to create low-maintenance, ecologically-appropriate gardens.
Drought-tolerating ornamentals are effective in integrating the surrounding natural dry-type landscape. They require little water or maintenance and include both native and introduced plants from similar dry climates. Drought-tolerating plants are either drought resistant or drought evading, with drought resistant plants remaining green during dry periods through traits like small, thick leaves and deep roots, while drought evading plants reduce water needs by shedding leaves or storing chlorophyll in stems.
Xeriscape Plant Selections and Ideas - North Dakota State UniversitySimm846q
ย
This document provides information on xeriscaping and selecting drought-tolerant plants for landscapes in North Dakota. It begins with an introduction to xeriscaping and why it is important given North Dakota's climate. It then provides a list of grass, tree, shrub, perennial, and annual plant options that are suitable for low-water landscapes. The document emphasizes proper planning, plant selection, and maintenance techniques like mulching to establish xeric plants and conserve water. It also discusses zoning plantings by water needs and allowing plants to naturally acclimate to local conditions.
Creating A Water-Efficient Garden: Saving Water Is A Way of Life - Capetown, ...Kardatou54a
ย
Watering early in the morning allows less water loss through evaporation. Certain plants can develop fungi if watered at night. A properly designed irrigation system could save up to 30% of water. It is important to select drought-tolerant plants and use mulching to conserve soil moisture to create a sustainable water-wise garden.
Xeriscaping: Creative Landscaping Fact Sheet - Colorado State UniversitySimm846q
ย
Xeriscaping is a type of landscaping that reduces water usage. It involves planning based on a property's slope, exposure to sun, and soil type. Key aspects include reducing irrigated turfgrass, properly preparing soil, selecting drought-tolerant plants, using mulch, and watering efficiently. With the right planning and practices, xeriscaping can save 30-80% of the water used for landscaping.
This document provides information about growing woody ornamentals for cut flowers. It discusses the advantages of woody cuts, including season extension and low pest problems. It recommends selecting plants that produce long stems and have a long vase life. Tips are provided on site preparation, planting, pruning, and harvesting woody cuts. A table lists many suitable plant varieties and their characteristics. Marketing channels for woody cuts include farmers markets, pick-your-own operations, and retail florists.
- Gymnosperms are a group of vascular plants whose seeds are not enclosed in an ovary. They include four divisions: coniferophyta, cycadophyta, ginkgophyta, and gnetophyta.
- Gymnosperms range in size from small shrubs to the largest trees. They are found worldwide but are especially abundant in coniferous forests in northern temperate regions.
- Gymnosperms have a variety of uses for humans including lumber, paper, resins for paints and varnishes, and medicinal oils. Their wood is also used for construction and railroad ties.
Companion Crop Recommendations for Planting with Black WalnutsAliki85w
ย
Black walnut trees are well-suited for alley cropping with companion crops due to their late leaf emergence in spring and early leaf drop in fall creating light shade. Their deep taproot and shallow lateral roots also reduce competition for water and nutrients with companion crops. Row crops like soybeans and winter wheat can be grown for several years until shade impacts yields. Forage crops vary in shade tolerance, with orchardgrass and red clover commonly used. Specialty crops requiring varying light levels can also be incorporated depending on tree spacing. Proper companion crop selection is important for an alley cropping system's profitability and sustainability.
Salima visited Manali in Himachal Pradesh and noticed changes in the natural vegetation as she climbed higher in elevation. In the foothills she saw sal and teak trees, but higher up saw coniferous trees with thin pointed leaves. She saw rhododendrons in bloom on tall trees. The type of natural vegetation depends on factors like temperature, rainfall, and soil conditions, which change with elevation and create different zones of vegetation like forests, grasslands, and shrubs.
This document provides guidance on creating a water efficient landscape in California. It emphasizes the importance of planning ahead when designing the landscape, including measuring the space, drawing plans, and selecting appropriate plants. Large lawns are discouraged due to their high water usage. The document recommends minimizing lawn size and choosing drought-tolerant plants, trees, and groundcovers. It also provides tips for installing an efficient drip or sprinkler irrigation system and adjusting it appropriately for different seasons. The overall message is that with careful planning and choosing of water-wise plants, homeowners can have an attractive landscape that uses water efficiently.
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Water conservation with xeriscape principles Careful plant selection
1. Water conservation
with xeriscape principles
Careful plant selection can help reduce irrigation needs.
Ronald C. Smith, Ph.D.
For a golf course to succeed, it must leaf fescues do well on local rainfall pat-
use water. But irrigation doesn't need to terns, going dormant during drought
cover every inch of the golf course, and and recovering when precipitation
the savvy superintendent can score returns to normal.
political points with neighbors, activists Other grass species are adapted to
and the media by taking a few steps various climates around North America
to save water using principles of xeric and would be appropriate for water
landscaping. conservation or xeriscaping. Meyer
Xeric landscapes represent a con- zoysiagrass is strong in the South and
scious attempt to develop plantings Midwest. Sharps buffalograss is gaining
that are compatible with the environ- strength in the Southwest. The Midwest
ment. Xeric landscaping may require a
continued
change in styles as well as plant materi-
als. Any changes in plant materials at
your golf course should be preceded
with a proper plan, plant selection and
plant placement.
Start at the clubhouse
The clubhouse is a good starting
point. If it is surrounded by bentgrass
that is mowed to almost putting green
height, why not change it to a species
that will require less water? On a north-
ern course, consider blue grama
(Boutelouagracilis) or a tall fescue culti-
var (Festuca arundinacea).
Other possibilities include the many
fine-leaf fescues, such as red fescue
(Festuca rubra), sheep fescue (F. ovina)
and chewings fescue (F. rubra var. com-
mutata). These can be used in poly-
stands with common Kentucky blue-
grass cultivars (such as the tough,
drought resistant Kenblue) or as a With proper plant selection, the golf course can remain attractive without consuming exces-
monospecies. In many areas, these fine- sive amounts of water.
Golf Course Management. June 1998 61
2. continued from p. 61 instances, the superintendent can select
has fairway crested wheatgrass and the clones from parental lines adapted to
Northwest has colonial bentgrass. dry xeric conditions. This would give
While the greens, tees and fairways the superintendent trees or shrubs with
must remain unaltered for client more uniform physical characteristics.
satisfaction, the roughs can support
grasses with lower water requirements. Evergreens
Remember that the actual rate of water Evergreens offer a fair palette of
use will depend on the soil's water-reten- plant selections for xeric areas of the
tion ability, the depth of the root system course. Colorado spruce (Picea pun-
and day-to-day environmental factors, gens) is hardy, adaptable and drought-
as well as the species and cultivar in use. tolerant. These characteristics, com-
Maintenance also matters. In non- bined with its distinctive pyramidal
critical use areas, attempt to get golfers form, make it one of the most highly
to accept grass mowed a little taller. It prized conifers across the United States.
will make a big difference in reducing Another close relative, the white spruce
water requirements. (P. glauca), is used widely in the plains
because of its adaptability.
Xeric plant selections Although similar, these two spruces
For xeric settings around the course, are not identical in form, especially as
try to obtain plants whose parent stock they mature. Many Colorado spruce
came from an ecosystem similar to cultivars will retain the tight pyramidal
those on your golf course. shape throughout life, while the white
For example, if bur oak (Quercus spruce will tend to open and spread
macrocarpa) is selected for a site sus- somewhat with maturity.
ceptible to drought, use trees that orig- The Black Hills variety of white
inate from upland locations rather than spruce, P. glauca var. densata, is slower
bottomlands or river valleys. In some growing than the Colorado variety,
with a dense, conical form that endures
until the tree reaches 20 to 30 feet tall. It
is tolerant of heat and drought. If a
golfer's shot should go wild and land in
a spruce, the white and Black Hills
would inflict much less pain during
retrieval than a Colorado spruce
because the needles are softer.
Pines suitable to dry locations
include Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris),
Norway pine (P. resinosa), lodgepole
pine (P. contorta var. latifolia) and
mugo pine (P. mugo). Scotch pine will
form a very attractive tree in soils that
are too sandy for most other species,
and the exposed orange bark of the
mature tree makes a striking addition
to the summer and winter landscapes.
Mugo pine is often seen as a shrub in
foundation plantings and eventually
gets as wide as it does tall. With simple
pruning each spring - breaking or
trimming off new candle growth - the
Wildflower mixes are one of the most attractive ways to go xeric on a golf course. From spring
plant can be maintained as a dense,
through summer, they can offer a variety of color and form. drought-tolerant shrub.
62 Golf Course Management. June 1998
3. Any discussion of drought-tolerant in full sun and is less prone to winter
conifers must include junipers. Rocky die-back than the more common
Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulo- golden pfitzer juniper (J. x media
rum) must have dry conditions to per- 'Pfitzerana Aurea'). For vase-shaped
form well, making it one of the best can- forms, use cultivars of the savin juniper
didates for prairie golf courses. It grows (J. sabina). Their nice feathery form
15 to 20 feet tall, is hardy throughout ranges from 12 to 36 inches in height.
most of USDA zone 3 and has four good
cultivars on the market: Larch
โข Blue Haven, a broad pyramidal form The various larch species (Larix spp.)
with silvery blue foliage offer the benefits of both deciduous and
โข Medora, a narrower form, a dense evergreen forms of plants. The needle-
growth habit with blue green foliage like foliage that emerges in the spring is
โข Moffetti, a dense, pyramidal form a fresh, bright green that turns a bright
with gray-green foliage golden yellow in the autumn just before
โข Welchii, a dense, pyramidal plant defoliation. The species are very adapt-
habit with silver-green foliage able to a wide range of conditions, from
For ground cover and shrub forms, boggy sites to upland plantings that are
look to creeping juniper (J. horizonalis) low in natural rainfall and have no seri-
cultivars. An outstanding one is J. hori- ous insect or disease problems.
zontalis 'Depressa Aurea' that develops a
continued
clear golden yellow foliage when grown
Flowers for saving water
Here are several herbaceous flowering plants that may thrive under reduced irrigation:
Botanical name Common name Notable quality
Agastache rupestris (P) Licorice rryint or sunset hyssop Soft orange flowers that attract hummingbirds
Cleome hasslerana (A) Spider flower or c1eome Tall and wind-resistant;
good for background plantings
Datura spp. (A) Angel's trumpet White flower, velvety foliage; can get 3 feet
by 3 feet in size
Gaillardia pulchel/a (A) Gaillardia or blanket flower Good for bed borders and cut flowers
Gaillardia grandiflora 'Goblin' (P) Gaillardia Very heat tolerant; looks best with occa-
sional watering
Gomphrena globosa (A) Globe amaranth Good button-like flowers for cutting/drying
Nepeta x faaessenii 'Select Blue' (P) Blue catmint Sterile - no worry about it becoming weedy
Penstemon strictus (P) Rocky Mountain penstemon Tall (24 inches) showy blue flowers
Perovskia atriplicifolia (P) Russian sage Large (4 feet tall, 3 feet wide) with grey,
aromatic foliage, smoky blue flowers.
Xanthisma texanum (A) Star of Texas, sleepy daisy 2-3 inch yellow daisy-like flowers
A = annual; P = perennial
..
Golf Course Management โข June 1998 63
4. continued from p. 63 Deciduous trees
Depending on location, these four One of the most drought-tolerant
species are your best choice: deciduous trees is the green ash
1. decidua. This European larch is a (Fraxinus pennsylvanica). It also rates
large-growing species with a broad, high in salt tolerance, ease of trans-
pyramidal form becoming wider and planting and speed of establishment.
more irregular as it matures. Select from seedless cultivars to prevent
Possessing graceful, pendulous weedy seedlings from sprouting all over
branches, it is an excellent tree for the course. Some of the better cultivars
large open spaces. It is hardy adapted to the upper Midwest are:
throughout zone 3. โข Bergeson, a fast-growing, hardy
1. kampferi. The Japanese larch has a cultivar that is a good choice where
similar appearance to the European space is limited, has an upright oval
larch, but it is hardy only to USDA crown and a straight trunk .
zone 4. โข Dakota Centennial, a strong central
1. laricina. The American or tama- leader with dark green foliage and a
rack larch is found from Alaska to globe shape
Pennsylvania. It is attractive in mass โข Kindred; a fast-growing, strong cen-
plantings . tralleader with a rounded crown
1. siberica. The Siberian larch โข Marshall's Seedless, another good,
Grounds workers and out-
arrived from Siberia and is native to vigorous male clone (seedless) that
of-bounds golfers will enjoy
Black Hills spruce because the epitome of xeric landscapes - has attractive yellow fall color
its relatively soft needles dry, cold and windswept - making it โข Prairie Dome, a new cultivar with a
inflict few scratches. The
the best adapted species for such a dense oval crown becoming more
tree also tolerates some-
what dry conditions . landscape setting. rounded with age
โข Prairie Spire, a rapid-growing
form with a compact, broad colum-
nar to narrow pyramidal crown with
Maintenance of xeric plantings good fall color
All of these are very hardy, but green
ash is overused in many residential and
city landscapes, which leaves urban
Many established plantings can be made more xeric (to require forests vulnerable to decimation by a
less water) by following a few steps: single plant disease. Avoid cultivars that
have been heavily planted in your com-
1. Don't create lush growth by over-fertilizing or over-watering.
munity and attempt to get multiple cul-
Do both these practices to meet the needs of the plants,
nothing more. tivars if this species is one of your con-
siderations.
2. Xeric means the wise use of water, not the total lack of it. When Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa) is a
water is applied, perhaps by drip irrigation, put it where it can be long-lived, stately tree that, once estab-
most efficiently used - deep in the root zone. lished, is fully adapted to an environ-
ment susceptible to drought. Be sure to
3. Be generous with organic mulches. Using 2 to 4 inches of bark, give this tree plenty of room to grow,
chipper debris or compost to cover the soil around the base of the though - its height and spread can
plant will help control weeds (big water robbers) and conserve reach 80 feet.
water already in the soil.
Smaller trees that could provide nice
accents to any golf course landscape are
4. Look for ways to cut down on unnecessary turf areas, and make
sure that flower beds beside turf are shaped with smooth, free- found in the tatarian and amur maples
flowing lines for easy mowing. (Acer tataricum and A. ginnala). Both
grow to about 15 to 18 feet in height,
have little to no problems and provide
good fall color, especially if the cultivars
of the amur maple are selected. All are
64 Golf Course Management โข June 1998
5. Asters are important xeric perennials with summer and early-autumn bloom. These sturdy plants will not tolerate wet, poorly
drained soils. Most, like this Aster ceduifo/ia, provide a beautiful bloom.
hardy through zone 3. Both can also be angular bark extensions or "wings" are the an information and education effort.
used attractively in planters or patios basis for the common name. The standard Take every opportunity to educate
around the clubhouse. species will reach 6 feet tall and have bright and inform golfers and neighbors via
red fall color, while dwarf cultivars will signs, seminars, press releases and
Deciduous shrubs reach about 3 feet in height. They do not board meetings. Arm yourself with data
One of the best shrubs for xeric have noticeable flowers. and information to ensure you can
landscaping is the potentilla or cinque- For blooms, turn to lilacs. The sell your ideas to your critics, skeptics
foil (Potentilla fruticosa), a very durable Chinese lilac (Syringa X chinensis) and and employers .โข
shrub that produces sulfur-colored, the late lilac (S. villosa) will both reach
orange or white flowers from early 10 feet tall and be covered with fragrant References
1. Dirr, M. 1990. Woody landscape plants. Stipes
summer until frost. The species has very blooms in mid spring. Publishing Co., Champaign, Ill.
few insect and disease problems, The wayfaring tree viburnum 2. Ellefson, c., T. Stephens and D. Welsh. 1992.
reaches no more than about 3 feet in (Viburnum lantana) is another Xeriscape gardening. MacMillan, New York.
3. Proctor, B. 1996. Xeriscape plant guide.
height and makes a dense shrub with- drought-tolerant beauty that produces Denver Water and American Water Works
out pruning. It can be used as a low. creamy-white flowers, followed by col- Association. Denver, Colo.
hedge or in foundation plantings orful fruit (yellow, red and black - 4. Smith, R.C. 1997. Xeriscape plant selections
and ideas. Extension Publication No. H-957,
around the clubhouse. This plant does often all at once) that attracts the song- North Dakota State University, Fargo (online
require full sun, as it tends to perform birds. Give it room to grow as this at http://www/ag.ndsu.nodak.edul).
poorly in shade, where it becomes vul- species can exceed 10 feet in height and 5. Still, S.M. 1988. Manual of herbaceous orna-
mental plants. Stipes Publishing Co.,
nerable to powdery mildew. The seed have an equal spread. Champaign, Ill.
and leaves that remain through the win-
ter are attractive to over-wintering birds End at the clubhouse
for food and shelter. Regardless of how successful you may
The winged euonymus, also known as be at saving water and beautifying the
Ronald C. Smith, Ph.D., is extension horticulturist
burning bush (Euonymus alatus), is almost course, your attempts to go "xeric" will and turfgrass specialist at North Dakota State
as durable as the potentilla. Its unique go unappreciated unless you put forth University.
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