presented by HAFIZ M WASEEM university of education LAHORE Pakistan i am from mailsi vehari and studied in lahore bsc in science college multan msc from lahore

2. HAFIZ M WASEEM UNIVERSITY OF
EDUCATION LAHORE

3. University of education Lower mall campus Lahore
Topic name:
Lymphopenia

4. Content
• Lymphopenia
• Lymphocytes
• Types
• Causes
• Symptoms
• Test and dignoses
• Treatment and cure

5. What is lymphopenia?
• Lymphopenia is also referred to as lymphocytopenia is a disorder in
which lymphocytes count in our blood is lower than normal.
• It is a disorder in which our blood doesn’t have enough white blood
cellss.

6. What are lymphocytes?
• Lymphocytes are a kind of white blood cell.
• These cells are made in the bone marrow along with other kinds of
blood cells.
• They are the part of our immune system.
• These essential cells circulate in blood and lymph fluid. They defend
our body by attacking at the first sign of an invasion by harmful
organisms. Lymphocytes also play a key role in triggering other
immune actions and help in building our body’s immunity through
past infections and vaccinations.

7. Types of lymphocytes
• B lymphocytes
• T lymphocytes
• Natural killing cells
• All of these cells help protect the body from infection. Most people
who have lymphocytopenia have low numbers of T lymphocytes.
Sometimes they also have low numbers of the other types of
lymphocytes.

8. Causes of Lymphopenia
• Acquired cause
Acquired" means we are not born with this condition, but we develop
it. One of the most common acquired causes of lymphocytopenia is
AIDS.
• Autoimmune disorder
• Autoimmune disorders occur if the immune system is in overdrive
and incorrectly attacks the body’s own cells and Tissues. E.g
Myasthenia gravis

9. Continue
• Infections
Viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal infections are a common cause of
lymphocytopenia. E.g HIV
• Inhereted causes
Inherited or congenital causes of lymphocytopenia are rare. E.g
Ataxia-telangiectasia
• Gestrointestinol causes
Conditions that damage the gut wall can affect the body’s absorption of
nutrients and may lead to lymphocytopenia in some cases.

10. What are symptoms
• Fever
• Cough
• Runny nose
• Enlarged lymph nodes
• Small tonsils or lymph nodes
• Painful joints
• Skin rash
• Night sweats
• Weight loss

11. Test and dignoses
• A complete blood count (CBC) can determine our lymphocyte level.
• A special blood test called a lymphocyte profile, also known as a
lymphocyte subset panel is used to determine the counts of T, B, and
NK cells in the body.

12. Treatment options
• Treatment depends on the cause, and treating the underlying factor
will usually resolve the lymphocytopenia. We may also require
therapy to prevent infections or other complications due to a
compromised immune system.
• Gamma globulin to help prevent infections that can occur due to B-
cell lymphocytopenia
• Bone marrow stem cell transplant

13. Prevention and Care
• We are not be able to fully prevent lymphocytopenia, but we can help
to increase the efficiency of our immune system and protect against
infections.
• followw a healthy diet plan, get plenty of rest, and avoid germs as
your body recovers its lymphocyte levels.

14. References
• Medically reviewed by Stacy Sampson, D.O. Written by Noreen
Iftikhar, MD — Updated on February 4, 2019.
• Staples PJ, Gerding DN, Decker JL, Gordon RS. Incidence of infection
in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1974; 17:1–10.
• Gleeson PA, Toh BH, van Driel IR: Organ-specific autoimmunity
induced by lymphopenia. Immunol Rev 1996, 149:97-125.
• King C, Ilic A, Koelsch K, Sarvetnick N: Homeostatic expansion of T
cells during immune insufficiency generates autoimmunity. Cell 2004,
117:265-277.