The document discusses load balancing with Linux Virtual Server (LVS). It describes using LVS with keepalived for high availability across firewall, web, and application tiers. It provides details on Direct Routing configuration and monitoring options in keepalived like weight, connection counts, and packet rates. Real server configuration topics are also covered such as arp settings, iptables rules, and virtual service mapping.

1. LVS

2. LVS
• karnel 2.6.18 (rebuild)
• Virtual Machine
• IPVS 1.2.1
• ipvsadm 1.24
• keepalived 1.1.9

3. LVS
FW
Web
LVS
App
LVS
DB

4. LVS (FW-Web)
• Direct Routing(DR)
• MASTER/BACKUP LVS
•
•
• Real server Apache ×
• wget

5. LVS(Web-APP)
• Direct Routing(DR)
• MASTER/BACKAP LVS
• Rails
• mod_proxy_balancer Virtual IP
• Real server Passenger ×
• Rails wget
• URL

6. keepalived
•
•
• configtest
• BACKUP reload
→MASTER diff

7. keepalived
•
• Real server
Include
•
• →reload Real server
/

8. keepalived
•
• ipvsadm
• reload
• inhibit_on_failure
• (weight=0)
reload

9. keepalived
•
• Weighted round-robin(wrr)
• Real server
• Weighted least connection(wlc)
Real server

10. keepalived
•
• MISC_CHECK + wget
• Real server
• HTTP_GET
• nb_get_retry

11. keepalived
•
• keepalived 1.1.8 MISC_CHECK
weight
• keepalived 1.1.9 rpmspec
1.1.8

12. • LVS ActConn InActConn
60,000 70,000
•
• Connection Hash Table Size

13. • munin
• Packet per sec
• Byte per sec
• Connection
• Weight

14. • Real server
‣ arp announce/arp ignore
‣
iptables

15. • keepalived reload
‣ reload
•
• vrrp
‣ weight reload

16. • Real server
‣ Real server loopback interface
‣ iptables
iptablse puppet

17. • Real server
‣ Virtual service
• DR Virtual service
‣ Virtual service Real server
• Howto iptables
http://www.austintek.com/LVS/LVS-HOWTO/HOWTO/LVS-
HOWTO.rewrite_ports.html#re-mapping_ports_with_iptables

18. • mod_proxy_balancer
‣ retry
•
‣ retry 0
• BalancerMember ... retry=0