The document provides information about Lumbini, Nepal, which is considered the birthplace of Buddha. It discusses the historical importance of Lumbini, describing how it was identified as the birthplace in 1896. It outlines Lumbini's holy sites including the Maya Devi Temple, Ashoka Pillar, and ancient monasteries. It also describes the master plan for developing Lumbini as a religious site, including construction of monasteries, villages, and a cultural center centered around the sacred garden site.

1. DR. SHATDAL CHAUDHARY, MD
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
UNIVERSAL COLLEGE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
BHAIRAHAWA, NEPAL
LUMBINI

2. General Objective
Promotion of Lumbini for tourism and religious
purpose

3. Specific Objective
At the end of the presentation we should able to
understand
1. Historical importance of Lumbini
2. Holy site of Lumbini
3. Master Plan for Lumbini development
4. Important Monasteries in Lumbini
5. Various means of transport to reach

4. CONTENT
 Introduction of Lumbini
 Historical Importance
 Holy site of Lumbini
 Master Plan of Lumbini
 Important Monasteries in Lumbini
 Various means of transport to reach

5. INTRODUCTION
Lumbini holds immense archeological and religious
importance
It is one of the greatest pilgrimage sites for Buddhists as
well as Hindus
It was declared a World Heritage site by UNESCO in
1997.
More than 400,000 Buddhists and non Buddhists visit
Lumbini every year.

6. IMPORTANCE
Lumbini is the birth place of Lord Buddha
In the Sutta Nipáta (vs. 683) it is stated that the Buddha
was born in a village of the Sákyans in the Lumbineyya
Janapada.
In the Buddha's time, Lumbini was situated between
Kapilavastu and Devadaha
The park was previously known as Rummindei, two
miles north of Bhagavanpura.

8. Exact location was forgotten

9.  In 1896, Nepalese archaeologists led by
Khadga Samsher Rana and assisted by
Alois Anton Führer discovered a great
stone pillar at Lumbini.
 Führer postulated that the pillar was
placed at the site by Emperor Ashoka
245 BCE.
 Records made by the Chinese pilgrim
Faxian in the early 5th century CE were
also used in the process of identifying
this religiously acclaimed site.

11.  Recent excavations beneath existing brick structures at the Mayadevi
Temple at Lumbini have uncovered evidence for an older timber
structure beneath the walls of the newer brick Buddhist shrine, which
was constructed during the Ashokan era.
 Radiocarbon dating of charcoal from the wooden postholes and
optically stimulated luminescence dating of elements in the soil
suggests human activity began at the site around 1000 BCE, followed
by the development of a Buddhist monastery-like community by
approximately 550 BCE.

12. PRESENT DAY, LUMBINI
 The present-day Lumbini historic site is 4.8 km (3 mi) in
length and 1.6 km (1.0 mi) in width.
 The holy site of Lumbini is bordered by a large monastic
zone in which only monasteries can be built, no shops,
hotels or restaurants.

13. HOLY SITE OF LUMBINI
The holy site of Lumbini has
 Maya devi Temple,
an ancient bathing pond,
a sacred Bodhi tree,
The Ashokan pillar,
and the ruins of ancient monasteries.

14. MAYA DEVI TEMPLE

16. ANCIENT BATHING POND AND SACRED BODHI TREE

17. RUINS OF ANCIENT MONASTERIES

18. MASTER PLAN: LUMBINI
 Kenzo Tange the famous Japanese architect
prepared a Master Plan for the development of
Lumbini in 1978.
 The plan, has as its objective to restore an area of
about 7.7 km2, to be known as the Lumbini
Garden, centering on the garden and the Ashoka
Pillar, with an additional area of 64.5 km2 buffer
zone to be developed in its support.
UN Secretary General
Late U Thant

19. MASTER PLAN: LUMBINI

20. MASTER PLAN: LUMBINI
 According to architect Kenzo Tange,
"the overall intent is to reinforce the symbolic entity of the Lumbini
Garden in its simplicity and clarity. Development will provide for
visitors to Lumbini - pilgrims and tourists - and will also support such
complementary activities as residence of monks, research, international
meetings and teachings.”

21. MASTER PLAN: LUMBINI

22. MASTER PLAN: LUMBINI
Within the plan for the development of Lumbini Garden, there
are three main components:
1. New Lumbini Village
2. The Cultural Centre/Monastic Zone
3. The Sacred Garden
The design is oriented north-south, with Lumbini Village and
Cultural Centre north, and the focus of the design - the Sacred
Garden - to the. south.

23. MASTER PLAN: LUMBINI
On either side of the axis towards its southern end are the
monastic enclaves. The entire development is tied together by a
central link comprised of a walkway and a canal.
the eastern monastic zone having the Theravadin monasteries,
the western monastic zone having Mahayana and Vajrayana
monasteries.
This central link establishes the solitude and sanctity of the Sacred
Garden, with its pillar and spectacular panorama of the Himalaya,
and offers pilgrims time and space to prepare themselves as they
approach the Sacred Garden.

24. NIPPONZAN MYOHOJI DECIDED TO BUILD A
PEACE PAGODA IN THE PARK IN 2001

27. LOKAMANI CULA PAGODA LUMBINI

28. CHINESE MAITREYA TEMPLE LUMBINI

30. FURTHER PLAN
 Asia Pacific Exchange and Cooperation Foundation (APECF) a
NGO backed by Former Prime Minister Prachanda, the Chinese
government and United Nations Industrial Development
Organization signed a deal to develop Lumbini into a "special
development zone" with funds worth $3 billion in 2011.
 A broader 'Lumbini Development National Director Committee'
under the leadership of Pushpa Kamal Dahal was formed.
 Construction of an International Airport Started in Bhairahawa.

31. TRANSPORT
 Lumbini is a 9-hour drive from Kathmandu
 A 30-minute drive from Bhairahawa.
 The closest airport is Gautama Buddha Airport at
Bhairahawa, with flights to and from Kathmandu
 It is being developed in international airport
 Work is expected to be finished by Dec 2017

32. OM SHANTI SHANTI

33. BUDDHISM
Desmond Boyle
Jeffrey Chin

34. FOUNDER
 Siddhartha Gautama (Gautama Buddha) was the founder of Buddhism
and was born in present day Nepal. Siddhartha was born in a royal
Hindu family and would have had several roles as a Prince in his
community. He eventually moved to India to have a more meaningful
role in people’s personal lives.

35. HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF FOUNDING
 After forty-nine days of meditation Gautama Buddha was awakened,
otherwise known as reaching enlightenment. After reaching
enlightenment, under a Bodhi tree in Bodh Gaya India, he promised to
spread the knowledge he just learned about how to end suffering.

36. SYMBOLS
 The eight-spoked wheel symbolizes the Buddha’s turning of the Wheel
of Truth or Law. There are eight spokes to reference the Noble Eightfold
Path of Buddhism, which is the path Buddhists believe can end suffering
in their lives. This path involves becoming more wise, righteous, and
thoughtful in life.

37. SYMBOLS
 The Bodhi Tree symbolizes the reaching of enlightenment, because
under this tree Siddhartha Gautama reached enlightenment for the first
time. Reaching enlightenment is one of the greatest single achievements
a Buddhist can reach.

38. SYMBOLS
 The throne refers to Siddhartha Gautama’s royal ancestry. The throne
also presents the idea that enlightenment is the pinnacle of the spirtual
world. The lion is a symbol for power, integrity, and strength in the
Buddhism religion.

39. DEITY'S NAME
 Buddhists, for the most part, argue strongly against the principle of an all
powerful deity. Siddhartha Gautama was the founder of Buddhism and is
considered the leader of the Buddhists, but he was never considered to
be omnipotent.

40. LOCATION OF ORIGIN
 Buddhism was founded in the subcontinent of India. The specific region
of the first teachings of Buddhism was in a village in Northern India
called Sarnath.

41. MAJOR LOCATIONS TODAY
 Buddhism is popular in several nations all throughout southern Asia.
Buddhism is most commonly practiced in India, Sri Lanka, Taiwan,
Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, North and South Korea, China, and
Japan.

42. NUMBER OF FOLLOWERS
 There are around 376,000,000 Buddhist followers world-wide today.
This is the most amount of followers Buddhism has ever had.

43. WHY RELIGION SPREAD
 The religion started in India after Siddhartha Gautama reached
enlightenment, but quickly was replaced in India by Hinduism. Gautama
never stopped preaching the principles and many helped spread
Buddhism. Chinese citizens who had endured a very strict and militant
central government identified with the Buddhist message of self reliance
and no central power.

44. HOLY BOOK/IMPORTANT TEXTS
 Buddhists simply did not write down their sacred principles like many
other religions. Buddhists were taught the Noble Eightfold Path and the
Noble Four Truths which were used to help reach enlightenment and end
suffering.

45. PLACE OF WORSHIP
 Buddhists worship and meditate in a temple known as a Vihara. A Vihara
is a huge square temple with roofs that slope down and outward from the
building.

46. ROLES OF MEN AND WOMEN
 Buddhists did not discuss gender equality very much but based off of
their other principles women were probably not treated poorly. The only
way to reach Nirvana, which was the main goal of all Buddhists, was to
be righteous in your actions, so there was no room to abuse women.

47. HOLY SITES
 Lumbini
 Where Siddhartha (Gautama Buddha) was born
 Located in present-day Nepal
 Bodhgaya
 Where the Buddha achieved enlightenment
 Located in present-day Bihar, India
 Sarnath
 Where the Buddha met his five disciples and delivered his first sermon
 Located in present-day Uttar Pradesh, India
 Kushinagar
 Where the Buddha died after 45 years of travels and sermons
 Located in present-day Uttar Pradesh, India

48. HOLY SITES

49. HOLIDAYS
 The Buddhist New Year
 Celebrated at different times of year based on
country’s calendar or if country is primarily
Theravadin or Mahayan
 Vesak
 Celebrates the birth, enlightenment , and death
of the Buddha
 Celebrated in May (or in June on leap years)
 Magha Puja Day
 Celebrates a day of the Buddha’s teachings when
1,250 of his disciples gathered to pay respect to him
 Uposatha
 Celebrated on days with new moons, full moons, and quarter moons
 Celebrated only by Theravadin Buddhists
The Buddhist New Year

50. HOLIDAYS
 Abhidhamma Day
 Celebrates the day when the Buddha went to
Heaven to teach his mother, Abhidhamma
 Loy Krathong
 Celebrated in Thailand when rivers and canals
are full of water
 People place flowers, candles, and incense in
the water to expel misfortune
 The Ploughing Festival
 Celebrates the Buddha’s first moment of enlightenment
 Aslha Puja Day
 Celebrated on the eighth month of the lunar calendar
 Celebrates the first day of the Buddha’s teaching

51. HOLIDAYS
 The Festival of the Tooth
 Celebrates the Buddha’s sacred tooth,
which is held in a casket in a temple in
Sri Lanka
 Ulambana
 Celebrates ancestors and the dead
 Avalokitesvara’s Birthday
 Celebrates Avalokitesvara’s birth, who was a symbol of compassion
 Bodhi Day
 Celebrates the enlightenment of Siddhartha Gautama
Avalokitesvara

52. MAJOR BELIEFS: CREATION STORY
 Major beliefs are influenced by Hinduism
 Eternal life cycle of reincarnation
 However, beginning of life does not concern the Buddha
 The Buddha says that the matter does not affect the “fundamentals of religion”
 “There still remains birth, old age, death, sorrow, lamentation, misery, grief, and
despair.”
Malunkyaputta The Buddha

53. MAJOR BELIEFS: END TIMES STORY
 Death leads to rebirth into a new life
 All events in life is a consequence of actions
done in the past life (Karma)
 Cycle of Rebirth is escaped only by
achieving Nirvana
 Nirvana: unborn, unoriginated, uncreated,
unformed – achieved by ultimate purity of
life
Siddha-Shila – where liberated souls reside
(Hinduism, representative of Buddhist Nirvana)

54. MAJOR BELIEFS: COMMANDS & LAWS
The Four Noble Truths
 All life is marked by suffering
 Suffering is caused by desire
and attachment
 Suffering can be stopped
 The way to end suffering is to
follow the Noble Eightfold Path

55. MAJOR BELIEFS: COMMANDS & LAWS
 The Noble Eightfold Path
 Right knowledge
 Right intention
 Right speech
 Right action
 Right livelihood
 Right effort
 Right mindfulness
 Right concentration

56. MAJOR BELIEFS: PURPOSE OF LIFE
To End Suffering
 Follow the Noble Eightfold Path
 This Path leads to better Karma
and a life purity
A pure and enlightened soul can
ultimately achieve Nirvana

57. INFLUENCE ON ART AND
ARCHITECTURE
 Buddhists had many symbols to represent their different beliefs. These
symbols inspired a great deal of religious art that is still cherished to this
day. The slanted roofs of the Viharas would become a common fixture in
Asian building design.