Lubuntu is a lightweight Linux distribution based on Ubuntu that uses LXDE as its desktop environment. It is optimized for older and lower-powered hardware. The document discusses Lubuntu's history, system requirements of 512MB RAM and a Pentium 4 or equivalent CPU. It also outlines Lubuntu's installation process, which involves downloading an ISO, burning it to a disc or USB, booting from it to start the installation, and selecting options like username during setup. Key features mentioned include system settings, office productivity apps, internet browsing, multimedia playback, and a lightweight file manager.