UEFI Spec Version 2.4 Facilitates Secure Updateinsydesoftware
The document discusses new features in UEFI Spec Version 2.4 related to facilitating secure firmware updates. Key points include:
1) UEFI 2.4 defines a new capsule format for delivering firmware management protocol (FMP) updates that allows firmware components to be updated early in the pre-boot process.
2) The capsule format supports delivering multiple driver and image payloads.
3) UEFI 2.4 also defines delivering update capsules to the boot disk and having the firmware process them on restart, as well as leaving a variable with the processing status.
4) These new methods are meant to help securely update firmware in a more automated way compared to previous solutions like using EFI shell.
[DEFCON 16] Bypassing pre-boot authentication passwords by instrumenting the...Moabi.com
Pre-boot authentication software, in particular full hard disk encryption software, play a key role in preventing information theft. In this paper, we present a new class of vulnerability affecting multiple high value pre-boot authentication software, including the latest Microsoft disk encryption technology : Microsoft Vista's Bitlocker, with TPM chip enabled. Because Pre-boot authentication software programmers commonly make wrong assumptions about the inner workings of the BIOS interruptions responsible for handling keyboard input, they typically use the BIOS API without flushing or initializing the BIOS internal keyboard buffer. Therefore, any user input including plain text passwords remains in memory at a given physical location. In this article, we first present a detailed analysis of this new class of vulnerability and generic exploits for Windows and Unix platforms under x86 architectures. Unlike current academic research aiming at extracting information from the RAM, our practical methodology does not require any physical access to the computer to extract plain text passwords from the physical memory. In a second part, we will present how this information leakage combined with usage of the BIOS API without careful initialization of the BIOS keyboard buffer can lead to computer reboot without console access and full security bypass of the pre-boot authentication pin if an attacker has enough privileges to modify the bootloader. Other related work include information leakage from CPU caches, reading physical memory thanks to firewire and switching CPU modes.
X / DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) Architectural OverviewMoriyoshi Koizumi
This document contains diagrams and descriptions related to the X Window System architecture for direct and indirect graphics rendering. It shows how OpenGL applications interact with the X server and Mesa library to perform direct graphics rendering using the kernel's Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI) and devices' direct rendering capabilities. It also summarizes the DRM authentication process where an application receives a magic cookie from the kernel to authenticate with the DRM driver.
Kernel Recipes 2017 - An introduction to the Linux DRM subsystem - Maxime RipardAnne Nicolas
Every modern multimedia-oriented ARM SoC usually has a number of display controllers, to drive a screen or an LCD panel, and a GPU, to provide 3D acceleration. The Linux kernel framework of choice to support these controllers is the DRM subsystem.
This talk will walk through the DRM stack, the architecture of a DRM/KMS driver and the interaction between the display and GPU drivers. The presentation is based on the work we have done to develop a DRM driver for the Allwinner SoCs display controller with multiple outputs, such as parallel display interfaces, HDMI or MIPI-DSI. The work done to make the ARM Mali OpenGL driver work on top of a mainline DRM/KMS driver will also be detailed, as well as the more traditional, Mesa-based, solution used in a variety of other platforms.
Maxime Ripard, Free Electrons
The document provides an overview of Das U-Boot, a universal boot loader used to load operating systems and applications into memory on embedded systems. It discusses U-Boot's features such as its command line interface, ability to load images from different sources, and support for various architectures and boards. It also covers compiling and configuring U-Boot, as well as its basic command set and image support capabilities.
This document provides an overview of kernel debugging on Solaris systems using the modular debugger Mdb and dynamic tracing framework DTrace. It discusses debugging live kernels with Mdb, analyzing system crash dumps with Mdb, and using DTrace to monitor the kernel at runtime by enabling probes published by different providers. The document outlines the key tools, techniques, and challenges involved in kernel debugging and crash analysis on Solaris.
UEFI Spec Version 2.4 Facilitates Secure Updateinsydesoftware
The document discusses new features in UEFI Spec Version 2.4 related to facilitating secure firmware updates. Key points include:
1) UEFI 2.4 defines a new capsule format for delivering firmware management protocol (FMP) updates that allows firmware components to be updated early in the pre-boot process.
2) The capsule format supports delivering multiple driver and image payloads.
3) UEFI 2.4 also defines delivering update capsules to the boot disk and having the firmware process them on restart, as well as leaving a variable with the processing status.
4) These new methods are meant to help securely update firmware in a more automated way compared to previous solutions like using EFI shell.
[DEFCON 16] Bypassing pre-boot authentication passwords by instrumenting the...Moabi.com
Pre-boot authentication software, in particular full hard disk encryption software, play a key role in preventing information theft. In this paper, we present a new class of vulnerability affecting multiple high value pre-boot authentication software, including the latest Microsoft disk encryption technology : Microsoft Vista's Bitlocker, with TPM chip enabled. Because Pre-boot authentication software programmers commonly make wrong assumptions about the inner workings of the BIOS interruptions responsible for handling keyboard input, they typically use the BIOS API without flushing or initializing the BIOS internal keyboard buffer. Therefore, any user input including plain text passwords remains in memory at a given physical location. In this article, we first present a detailed analysis of this new class of vulnerability and generic exploits for Windows and Unix platforms under x86 architectures. Unlike current academic research aiming at extracting information from the RAM, our practical methodology does not require any physical access to the computer to extract plain text passwords from the physical memory. In a second part, we will present how this information leakage combined with usage of the BIOS API without careful initialization of the BIOS keyboard buffer can lead to computer reboot without console access and full security bypass of the pre-boot authentication pin if an attacker has enough privileges to modify the bootloader. Other related work include information leakage from CPU caches, reading physical memory thanks to firewire and switching CPU modes.
X / DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) Architectural OverviewMoriyoshi Koizumi
This document contains diagrams and descriptions related to the X Window System architecture for direct and indirect graphics rendering. It shows how OpenGL applications interact with the X server and Mesa library to perform direct graphics rendering using the kernel's Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI) and devices' direct rendering capabilities. It also summarizes the DRM authentication process where an application receives a magic cookie from the kernel to authenticate with the DRM driver.
Kernel Recipes 2017 - An introduction to the Linux DRM subsystem - Maxime RipardAnne Nicolas
Every modern multimedia-oriented ARM SoC usually has a number of display controllers, to drive a screen or an LCD panel, and a GPU, to provide 3D acceleration. The Linux kernel framework of choice to support these controllers is the DRM subsystem.
This talk will walk through the DRM stack, the architecture of a DRM/KMS driver and the interaction between the display and GPU drivers. The presentation is based on the work we have done to develop a DRM driver for the Allwinner SoCs display controller with multiple outputs, such as parallel display interfaces, HDMI or MIPI-DSI. The work done to make the ARM Mali OpenGL driver work on top of a mainline DRM/KMS driver will also be detailed, as well as the more traditional, Mesa-based, solution used in a variety of other platforms.
Maxime Ripard, Free Electrons
The document provides an overview of Das U-Boot, a universal boot loader used to load operating systems and applications into memory on embedded systems. It discusses U-Boot's features such as its command line interface, ability to load images from different sources, and support for various architectures and boards. It also covers compiling and configuring U-Boot, as well as its basic command set and image support capabilities.
This document provides an overview of kernel debugging on Solaris systems using the modular debugger Mdb and dynamic tracing framework DTrace. It discusses debugging live kernels with Mdb, analyzing system crash dumps with Mdb, and using DTrace to monitor the kernel at runtime by enabling probes published by different providers. The document outlines the key tools, techniques, and challenges involved in kernel debugging and crash analysis on Solaris.
Continguous Memory Allocator in the Linux KernelKernel TLV
Agenda:
Continguous Memory Allocator - how to allocate large continguous memory for large scale DMA in the kernel.
Speaker:
Mark Veltzer - CTO of Hinbit and a senior instructor at John Bryce. Mark is also a member of the Free Source Foundation and contributes to many free projects.
BIOS and UEFI are types of firmware that control the boot process. BIOS uses the MBR partition table and boots by loading the MBR, then the partition bootsector. UEFI uses the GPT partition table and ESP partition, and its boot manager loads UEFI drivers and bootloaders. Secure Boot is an UEFI extension that verifies signatures of boot components for security.
U-Boot is an open source bootloader used widely in embedded systems. It initializes hardware and loads the operating system kernel. The document provides an overview of U-Boot from the user and developer perspectives, including its features, build process, file structure, and boot sequence. It also discusses modernizing efforts like adopting the driver model, device tree, and Kbuild configuration system to improve compatibility and support new platforms.
LCU13: An Introduction to ARM Trusted FirmwareLinaro
Resource: LCU13
Name: An Introduction to ARM Trusted Firmware
Date: 28-10-2013
Speaker: Andrew Thoelke
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q32BEMMxmfw
The document provides an overview of the initialization phase of the Linux kernel. It discusses how the kernel enables paging to transition from physical to virtual memory addresses. It then describes the various initialization functions that are called by start_kernel to initialize kernel features and architecture-specific code. Some key initialization tasks discussed include creating an identity page table, clearing BSS, and reserving BIOS memory.
Process Address Space: The way to create virtual address (page table) of user...Adrian Huang
Process Address Space: The way to create virtual address (page table) of userspace application.
Note: When you view the the slide deck via web browser, the screenshots may be blurred. You can download and view them offline (Screenshots are clear).
Learning AOSP - Android Linux Device DriverNanik Tolaram
This document discusses Android and Linux device drivers. It provides an overview of Android's core low-level software and hardware drivers, which perform minimum tasks and access the framework layer or libraries. It also describes the interaction between the kernel, framework, and virtual filesystem for key drivers like binder, logger, and USB. Configuration options for Android in the Linux kernel are listed, and resources for learning more about Android open source are provided.
The document discusses Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI), which is a replacement for the older BIOS firmware. It aims to address limitations of BIOS like being based on 16-bit architecture and a non-graphical interface. UEFI uses a new GUID Partition Table scheme and supports 64-bit processors and longer mode. It provides standardized interfaces for booting an operating system and improved performance over BIOS. Major operating systems have implemented UEFI including Windows, Mac OS, and Linux.
This document discusses SR-IOV (Single Root I/O Virtualization), which allows a PCIe device to appear as multiple separate devices. It describes how SR-IOV works by introducing physical functions and virtual functions. It then outlines the steps to enable SR-IOV on a Xen hypervisor, including configuring the network device, enabling virtual functions, binding VFs to the pciback driver, and assigning VFs to guest VMs. Reference links are also provided for additional information on SR-IOV and its implementation in Xen.
This document provides an overview of GPU virtualization including:
1. Defining GPU virtualization and classifying different approaches like passthrough and full virtualization.
2. Describing use cases for GPU virtualization in providing GPU as a service and for applications like machine learning.
3. Highlighting critical techniques used in GPU virtualization like SR-IOV, mediated devices, and managing resources like memory.
Linux Kernel Booting Process (1) - For NLKBshimosawa
Describes the bootstrapping part in Linux and some related technologies.
This is the part one of the slides, and the succeeding slides will contain the errata for this slide.
QEMU is an emulator that uses dynamic translation to emulate one instruction set architecture (ISA) on another host ISA. It translates guest instructions to an intermediate representation (TCG IR) code, and then compiles the IR code to native host instructions. QEMU employs techniques like translation block caching and chaining to improve the performance of dynamic translation. It also uses helper functions to offload complex operations during translation to improve efficiency.
Have a quick overview of most of the embedded linux components and their details. How ti build Embedded Linux Hardware & Software, and developing Embedded Products
Booting Android: bootloaders, fastboot and boot imagesChris Simmonds
This document discusses booting Android devices. It covers Android boot images, bootloaders, fastboot protocol, and file systems used for different types of flash memory in Android devices. The key topics covered include bootloaders loading the boot and recovery images, the fastboot protocol for flashing and debugging, and file systems like ext4, f2fs, yaffs2 used on different flash chips like eMMC, SD cards, and raw NAND flash.
LCU14-107: OP-TEE on ARMv8
---------------------------------------------------
Speaker: Jens Wiklander
Date: September 15, 2014
---------------------------------------------------
★ Session Summary ★
SWG is porting OP-TEE to ARMv8 using Fixed Virtual Platform. Initially OP-TEE is running secure world in aarch32 mode, but with the normal world code running in aarch64 mode. Since ARMv8 uses ARM Trusted Firmware we have patched it with an OP-TEE dispatcher to be able to communicate between secure and normal world.
---------------------------------------------------
★ Resources ★
Zerista: http://lcu14.zerista.com/event/member/137710
Google Event: https://plus.google.com/u/0/events/c0ef114n77bhgbns9vb85g9n6ak
Presentation: http://www.slideshare.net/linaroorg/lcu14-107-optee-on-ar-mv8
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JViplz-ah9M&list=UUIVqQKxCyQLJS6xvSmfndLA
Etherpad: http://pad.linaro.org/p/lcu14-107
---------------------------------------------------
★ Event Details ★
Linaro Connect USA - #LCU14
September 15-19th, 2014
Hyatt Regency San Francisco Airport
---------------------------------------------------
http://www.linaro.org
http://connect.linaro.org
The document introduces Samsung's eMMC memory technology. It summarizes the key features and enhancements of eMMC versions 4.4, 4.41, and 4.5, including improved performance, security, and reliability. Some notable additions in eMMC 4.5 are higher data transfer rates up to 200MHz SDR mode, packed commands to boost I/O performance, cache functionality to reduce write latency, and sanitize feature to securely purge all unused data at once. Sample availability timelines for eMMC 4.5 chips with and without 200MHz support are also provided.
The document provides an introduction to the Yocto Project, including what it is, its main components, and workflow. It describes the Yocto Project as being comprised of Poky (the build system), tools, and upstreams. Poky contains BitBake (the build engine) and metadata (task configurations and definitions). It outlines the main components, including sub-projects, and compares the Yocto Project to OpenEmbedded. Finally, it summarizes the Yocto Project workflow, which involves configuring the build using recipes and layers then building packages, images, and cross-development toolchains.
U-Boot project has evolved in the time span of over 17 years and so as its complexity and its uses. This has made it a daunting task in getting started with its development and uses. This talk will address all these issues start with overview, features, efforts created by community and future plans.
The U-Boot project has evolved in the time span of over 17 years and so as its complexity and its uses. This has made it a daunting task in getting started with its development and uses. This talk will address all these issues and share development efforts created by the U-Boot community.
In this talk Jagan Teki(Maintainer for Allwinner SoC, SPI, SPI FLASH Subsystems) will introduce U-Boot from scratch with a brief overview of U-Boot history, U-Boot Proper, SPL, TPL, Build process and Startup sequence. He will talk about other preliminaries such as Image booting, Falcon Mode, Secure Boot and U-Boot features like device tree, device overlays, driver model and DFU, etc.
Once giving enough introduction, he will also talk about steps to port U-Boot to new hardware with a demo, along with U-Boot testing process. Finally, he will address and review ongoing development work, issues and future development regarding U-Boot.
The document discusses Linux audio drivers. It introduces the Linux audio subsystem, including the ALSA sound core in kernel space and its interfaces for user space applications. It describes the vertical components like the sound core and horizontal components like audio codec and controller drivers. It also covers porting an audio driver, which may involve changing pin assignments for standard codecs or implementing new codec drivers.
La BIOS es un chip integrado en la placa base que se encarga de inicializar el hardware y cargar el sistema operativo cuando se enciende la computadora. Realiza tareas como comprobar los componentes, detectar dispositivos, establecer la secuencia de arranque y cargar configuraciones. La UEFI es un estándar que reemplaza al BIOS y ofrece mayores prestaciones, aunque algunos sistemas aún requieren el modo legado del BIOS para iniciar.
This document discusses the differences between BIOS and UEFI firmware interfaces that initialize hardware and boot operating systems on computers. BIOS has been used for over 25 years but has limitations. UEFI was created in 2005 to replace BIOS and overcome its limitations. UEFI supports larger disk sizes and partitions, a graphical interface, and can be programmed in C/C++, while BIOS is programmed in hex/assembly and has a non-graphical interface. The document recommends writing a program to test if a computer is booted using the legacy BIOS or newer UEFI firmware interface.
Continguous Memory Allocator in the Linux KernelKernel TLV
Agenda:
Continguous Memory Allocator - how to allocate large continguous memory for large scale DMA in the kernel.
Speaker:
Mark Veltzer - CTO of Hinbit and a senior instructor at John Bryce. Mark is also a member of the Free Source Foundation and contributes to many free projects.
BIOS and UEFI are types of firmware that control the boot process. BIOS uses the MBR partition table and boots by loading the MBR, then the partition bootsector. UEFI uses the GPT partition table and ESP partition, and its boot manager loads UEFI drivers and bootloaders. Secure Boot is an UEFI extension that verifies signatures of boot components for security.
U-Boot is an open source bootloader used widely in embedded systems. It initializes hardware and loads the operating system kernel. The document provides an overview of U-Boot from the user and developer perspectives, including its features, build process, file structure, and boot sequence. It also discusses modernizing efforts like adopting the driver model, device tree, and Kbuild configuration system to improve compatibility and support new platforms.
LCU13: An Introduction to ARM Trusted FirmwareLinaro
Resource: LCU13
Name: An Introduction to ARM Trusted Firmware
Date: 28-10-2013
Speaker: Andrew Thoelke
Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q32BEMMxmfw
The document provides an overview of the initialization phase of the Linux kernel. It discusses how the kernel enables paging to transition from physical to virtual memory addresses. It then describes the various initialization functions that are called by start_kernel to initialize kernel features and architecture-specific code. Some key initialization tasks discussed include creating an identity page table, clearing BSS, and reserving BIOS memory.
Process Address Space: The way to create virtual address (page table) of user...Adrian Huang
Process Address Space: The way to create virtual address (page table) of userspace application.
Note: When you view the the slide deck via web browser, the screenshots may be blurred. You can download and view them offline (Screenshots are clear).
Learning AOSP - Android Linux Device DriverNanik Tolaram
This document discusses Android and Linux device drivers. It provides an overview of Android's core low-level software and hardware drivers, which perform minimum tasks and access the framework layer or libraries. It also describes the interaction between the kernel, framework, and virtual filesystem for key drivers like binder, logger, and USB. Configuration options for Android in the Linux kernel are listed, and resources for learning more about Android open source are provided.
The document discusses Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI), which is a replacement for the older BIOS firmware. It aims to address limitations of BIOS like being based on 16-bit architecture and a non-graphical interface. UEFI uses a new GUID Partition Table scheme and supports 64-bit processors and longer mode. It provides standardized interfaces for booting an operating system and improved performance over BIOS. Major operating systems have implemented UEFI including Windows, Mac OS, and Linux.
This document discusses SR-IOV (Single Root I/O Virtualization), which allows a PCIe device to appear as multiple separate devices. It describes how SR-IOV works by introducing physical functions and virtual functions. It then outlines the steps to enable SR-IOV on a Xen hypervisor, including configuring the network device, enabling virtual functions, binding VFs to the pciback driver, and assigning VFs to guest VMs. Reference links are also provided for additional information on SR-IOV and its implementation in Xen.
This document provides an overview of GPU virtualization including:
1. Defining GPU virtualization and classifying different approaches like passthrough and full virtualization.
2. Describing use cases for GPU virtualization in providing GPU as a service and for applications like machine learning.
3. Highlighting critical techniques used in GPU virtualization like SR-IOV, mediated devices, and managing resources like memory.
Linux Kernel Booting Process (1) - For NLKBshimosawa
Describes the bootstrapping part in Linux and some related technologies.
This is the part one of the slides, and the succeeding slides will contain the errata for this slide.
QEMU is an emulator that uses dynamic translation to emulate one instruction set architecture (ISA) on another host ISA. It translates guest instructions to an intermediate representation (TCG IR) code, and then compiles the IR code to native host instructions. QEMU employs techniques like translation block caching and chaining to improve the performance of dynamic translation. It also uses helper functions to offload complex operations during translation to improve efficiency.
Have a quick overview of most of the embedded linux components and their details. How ti build Embedded Linux Hardware & Software, and developing Embedded Products
Booting Android: bootloaders, fastboot and boot imagesChris Simmonds
This document discusses booting Android devices. It covers Android boot images, bootloaders, fastboot protocol, and file systems used for different types of flash memory in Android devices. The key topics covered include bootloaders loading the boot and recovery images, the fastboot protocol for flashing and debugging, and file systems like ext4, f2fs, yaffs2 used on different flash chips like eMMC, SD cards, and raw NAND flash.
LCU14-107: OP-TEE on ARMv8
---------------------------------------------------
Speaker: Jens Wiklander
Date: September 15, 2014
---------------------------------------------------
★ Session Summary ★
SWG is porting OP-TEE to ARMv8 using Fixed Virtual Platform. Initially OP-TEE is running secure world in aarch32 mode, but with the normal world code running in aarch64 mode. Since ARMv8 uses ARM Trusted Firmware we have patched it with an OP-TEE dispatcher to be able to communicate between secure and normal world.
---------------------------------------------------
★ Resources ★
Zerista: http://lcu14.zerista.com/event/member/137710
Google Event: https://plus.google.com/u/0/events/c0ef114n77bhgbns9vb85g9n6ak
Presentation: http://www.slideshare.net/linaroorg/lcu14-107-optee-on-ar-mv8
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JViplz-ah9M&list=UUIVqQKxCyQLJS6xvSmfndLA
Etherpad: http://pad.linaro.org/p/lcu14-107
---------------------------------------------------
★ Event Details ★
Linaro Connect USA - #LCU14
September 15-19th, 2014
Hyatt Regency San Francisco Airport
---------------------------------------------------
http://www.linaro.org
http://connect.linaro.org
The document introduces Samsung's eMMC memory technology. It summarizes the key features and enhancements of eMMC versions 4.4, 4.41, and 4.5, including improved performance, security, and reliability. Some notable additions in eMMC 4.5 are higher data transfer rates up to 200MHz SDR mode, packed commands to boost I/O performance, cache functionality to reduce write latency, and sanitize feature to securely purge all unused data at once. Sample availability timelines for eMMC 4.5 chips with and without 200MHz support are also provided.
The document provides an introduction to the Yocto Project, including what it is, its main components, and workflow. It describes the Yocto Project as being comprised of Poky (the build system), tools, and upstreams. Poky contains BitBake (the build engine) and metadata (task configurations and definitions). It outlines the main components, including sub-projects, and compares the Yocto Project to OpenEmbedded. Finally, it summarizes the Yocto Project workflow, which involves configuring the build using recipes and layers then building packages, images, and cross-development toolchains.
U-Boot project has evolved in the time span of over 17 years and so as its complexity and its uses. This has made it a daunting task in getting started with its development and uses. This talk will address all these issues start with overview, features, efforts created by community and future plans.
The U-Boot project has evolved in the time span of over 17 years and so as its complexity and its uses. This has made it a daunting task in getting started with its development and uses. This talk will address all these issues and share development efforts created by the U-Boot community.
In this talk Jagan Teki(Maintainer for Allwinner SoC, SPI, SPI FLASH Subsystems) will introduce U-Boot from scratch with a brief overview of U-Boot history, U-Boot Proper, SPL, TPL, Build process and Startup sequence. He will talk about other preliminaries such as Image booting, Falcon Mode, Secure Boot and U-Boot features like device tree, device overlays, driver model and DFU, etc.
Once giving enough introduction, he will also talk about steps to port U-Boot to new hardware with a demo, along with U-Boot testing process. Finally, he will address and review ongoing development work, issues and future development regarding U-Boot.
The document discusses Linux audio drivers. It introduces the Linux audio subsystem, including the ALSA sound core in kernel space and its interfaces for user space applications. It describes the vertical components like the sound core and horizontal components like audio codec and controller drivers. It also covers porting an audio driver, which may involve changing pin assignments for standard codecs or implementing new codec drivers.
La BIOS es un chip integrado en la placa base que se encarga de inicializar el hardware y cargar el sistema operativo cuando se enciende la computadora. Realiza tareas como comprobar los componentes, detectar dispositivos, establecer la secuencia de arranque y cargar configuraciones. La UEFI es un estándar que reemplaza al BIOS y ofrece mayores prestaciones, aunque algunos sistemas aún requieren el modo legado del BIOS para iniciar.
This document discusses the differences between BIOS and UEFI firmware interfaces that initialize hardware and boot operating systems on computers. BIOS has been used for over 25 years but has limitations. UEFI was created in 2005 to replace BIOS and overcome its limitations. UEFI supports larger disk sizes and partitions, a graphical interface, and can be programmed in C/C++, while BIOS is programmed in hex/assembly and has a non-graphical interface. The document recommends writing a program to test if a computer is booted using the legacy BIOS or newer UEFI firmware interface.
This document provides an overview of UEFI and HP's transition to UEFI for ProLiant servers. Some key points:
- UEFI was created by HP and Intel in the late 1990s to overcome BIOS limitations and support new technologies like large disks and 64-bit processors. It has since become an industry standard supported by all major operating systems.
- HP drove adoption of UEFI and helped establish the UEFI Forum to develop and promote the standard. ProLiant Gen9 servers were the first to default to UEFI boot, moving HP to UEFI Class 2 compliance. Future servers aim for Class 3 (UEFI-only).
- UEFI provides advantages over legacy BIOS like large
The document summarizes the 6 main stages of the Linux boot process:
1) The BIOS performs checks and loads the master boot record (MBR) from the hard drive.
2) The MBR loads the GRUB boot loader.
3) GRUB has two stages - stage 1 in the MBR points to stage 2, which loads the GRUB configuration file and displays the boot menu.
4) The GRUB configuration file specifies the default or chosen kernel to load from available options.
5) The kernel is loaded and starts initial processes before handing over to userspace.
6) Linux shutdown uses commands to notify users and block logins before signaling processes and powering off in
This document discusses real-time operating systems (RTOS). It defines RTOS as operating systems that are able to respond to inputs immediately within a specified time delay. It compares RTOS to general operating systems and discusses the types, characteristics, functions, and applications of RTOS. Examples of RTOS like VxWorks are provided. The key functions of an RTOS include task management, scheduling, resource allocation, and interrupt handling. RTOS are widely used in applications that require deterministic responses like avionics, medical devices, industrial automation, and more.
This document discusses real-time operating systems for embedded systems. It defines embedded systems and real-time constraints. It describes the components of an RTOS including task management, inter-task communication, dynamic memory allocation, timers, and device I/O. It discusses when an RTOS is necessary compared to a general purpose OS and provides examples of common RTOSes.
This chapter discusses operating systems, including their purpose, types, installation, and boot process. It describes how operating systems control hardware access, manage files and folders, provide user interfaces, and allow application management. The document compares desktop and network operating systems and provides guidance on determining the proper operating system based on a customer's needs. It also outlines the steps to install, set up, and customize operating systems like Windows XP.
The document discusses UEFI and its advantages over traditional BIOS. It outlines how Xen hypervisor supports UEFI, including EFI loader support in Xen 4.2 and work being done to support the multiboot2 protocol. It also discusses UEFI support for guest operating systems using Open Virtual Machine Firmware and how QEMU can be used to test UEFI without additional hardware.
This document provides an overview of operating systems and how to install and configure Windows 7. It discusses the characteristics and basic functions of modern operating systems, different types of operating systems, and factors to consider when selecting an OS for a customer. The document also covers installing Windows 7, including partitioning drives, creating user accounts, and custom installation options. It provides details on configuring the Windows 7 desktop and using Windows Explorer.
This document demonstrates how to optimize boot times on an Intel Atom platform using InsydeH2O. It shows boot time comparisons of a normal configuration versus configurations with specific drivers disabled. Disabling unnecessary drivers like SATA, USB, and video through InsydeH2O's smart boot feature reduced boot time from 8.8 seconds to under 2.3 seconds. Further customization could achieve a boot time of under 2 seconds.
Distro Recipes 2013: Secure Boot and Linux: several issues, one solutionAnne Nicolas
This document discusses Secure Boot and its implementation for Linux distributions. It begins by introducing UEFI firmware and Secure Boot, which verifies that only signed operating systems load. It then outlines the solution used by SUSE, which involves expanding the shim loader to give users freedom and flexibility by supporting enrollment of user-generated keys. The document concludes by detailing the various components like the kernel, bootloaders, build systems, and user tools that would need to be adapted to fully implement Secure Boot support for a Linux distribution.
The document discusses operating systems, including their purpose, components, and installation. It covers topics such as determining the appropriate OS for a customer's needs, installing Windows, manipulating OS files, and comparing file systems like FAT32 and NTFS. The document is from a chapter about fundamental operating systems in a textbook on PC hardware and software.
This document provides instructor materials for a chapter on installing Windows operating systems. The chapter covers modern operating systems, operating system installation, and includes a summary. It discusses operating system requirements, types of operating systems, hardware requirements, and the Windows installation process including partitioning drives, account creation, and configuration options.
XPDDS17: EFI Secure Boot, Shim and Xen: Current Status and Developments - Da...The Linux Foundation
The EFI secure boot is a protocol to verify authenticity of loaded and executed PE binary. Usually it is a second stage bootloader, e.g. GRUB2, or an OS kernel. The shim is an extension to the EFI secure boot which makes whole authentication process more flexible. The presentation will deal with the most important aspects of EFI secure boot and shim. Additionally, it will discuss how Xen hypervisor boot process can be protected with EFI secure boot and shim. However, this does not mean that everything is done and work out of the box. So, in the end it will be shown what is done to make EFI secure boot and shim usable when you boot Xen using GRUB2.
This document provides an overview of operating systems and covers topics such as the characteristics, basic functions, types, installation, and customization of operating systems. It discusses desktop and network operating systems like Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. The document explains how to select an operating system based on customer needs, install and upgrade operating systems, set up user accounts, and navigate the Windows desktop interface. It also covers operating system directories, files, virtualization, and troubleshooting techniques.
In this session we will cover the advantages and use cases for utilizing Scripted Installs when deploying Windows. We will look into how to create, modify, and deploy scripted installs also. Learn more: http://dell.to/1GDYpr8
eFolder Expert Series Webinar - BDR Do's and Dont's: Featuring Andrew Bensing...eFolder
Offering a backup and disaster recovery service that works 110% of the time helps MSPs earn the trust and business of new and existing clients.
Andrew Bensinger, CEO of Replibit, has more than 10 years of experience designing business continuity software. In this Expert Series webinar, join Andrew and Ted Hulsy, VP of Marketing at eFolder, as they discuss disaster recovery best practices that will help you meet and exceed the expectations of your clients.
Srikanth Pilli has over 6 years of experience in embedded software development. He has expertise in C/C++, Python, Linux kernel driver development, video streaming, and networking. He has worked on projects involving home automation, surveillance systems, and embedded device development. His skills include embedded Linux systems, microcontroller programming, real-time protocols, and tools like Git. He holds an M.Tech in embedded systems and postgraduate diplomas in embedded systems and electronics.
This document provides an introduction to embedded systems, including definitions and examples. It discusses key components of embedded systems like microprocessors, microcontrollers, and DSPs. Memory types and CPU architectures are explained. Real-time systems and the embedded software and hardware development processes are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of installing and configuring Windows operating systems. It discusses modern operating system features and requirements. It describes how to prepare storage devices using disk partitioning and formatting file systems like FAT32 and NTFS. The document outlines the basic Windows installation process including account creation and finalizing the setup. It also covers custom installation options such as disk cloning, remote network installation, and recovery methods for restoring Windows.
Rajashaker Goud Ranga is seeking a position as a Firmware Engineer. He has 6 years of experience working with BIOS and developing firmware for platforms including Baytrail, Braswell, Broxton, Cherry Trail, and Piketon. He has a Bachelor's degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering and is proficient in languages like C and Assembly as well as UEFI, EDKII and other firmware tools.
The document discusses various aspects of embedded system development including development environments, integrated development environments (IDEs), cross compilation, debugger tools, and the overall product development life cycle. It describes the key components in development environments like host and target systems. It also explains concepts like cross compilation, types of files generated, and debugger tools. Finally, it summarizes the typical phases in an embedded product development life cycle from concept to maintenance.
Operating Systems 1 (4/12) - Architectures (Windows)Peter Tröger
The Windows operating system was developed to meet requirements for a 32-bit, preemptive, virtual memory OS that could run on multiple hardware architectures and scales well on multiprocessing systems. It was designed to be extensible, portable, dependable, compatible with older systems, and high performing. The Windows kernel implements low-level processor-dependent functions and services like threading, interrupts, and synchronization. Device drivers translate I/O calls to hardware-specific requests using kernel and HAL functions. The HAL abstracts platform-specific details and presents a uniform I/O interface.
Presentation given at FrOSCon 2019 (slides in English, talk in German, recording: https://media.ccc.de/v/froscon2019-2405-open_source_firmware)
Firmware findet sich in allen Geräten, darunter PCs, Laptops, Netzwerkausstattung, Drucker, eingebettete Geräte wie z.B. in IoT, Industriesteuerungen, Mobiltelefonen, Tablets und mehr. Die Community rund um Open Source Firmware ist in den letzten Jahren gewachsen, so dass sie mehr Austausch in der Entwicklung ermöglicht und Endbenutzer*innen mehr Freiheit schenkt. Bekannte Projekte wie U-Boot, OpenWrt, coreboot, Linuxboot und einige andere zeigen, wie Firmware funktioniert, und sind offen für jede Beteiligung. Dieser Vortrag gibt eine kurze Einführung in Firmware an sich, erklärt den allgemeinen Prozess, sie zu bauen, stellt eine Perspektive auf den aktuellen Entwicklungsstand auf mehreren beliebten Plattformen dar, und schließt mit einem kurzen Endbenutzerbericht ab.
Similar to Implementing a UEFI BIOS into an Embedded System (20)
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptxSitimaJohn
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
Generating privacy-protected synthetic data using Secludy and MilvusZilliz
During this demo, the founders of Secludy will demonstrate how their system utilizes Milvus to store and manipulate embeddings for generating privacy-protected synthetic data. Their approach not only maintains the confidentiality of the original data but also enhances the utility and scalability of LLMs under privacy constraints. Attendees, including machine learning engineers, data scientists, and data managers, will witness first-hand how Secludy's integration with Milvus empowers organizations to harness the power of LLMs securely and efficiently.
Skybuffer AI: Advanced Conversational and Generative AI Solution on SAP Busin...Tatiana Kojar
Skybuffer AI, built on the robust SAP Business Technology Platform (SAP BTP), is the latest and most advanced version of our AI development, reaffirming our commitment to delivering top-tier AI solutions. Skybuffer AI harnesses all the innovative capabilities of the SAP BTP in the AI domain, from Conversational AI to cutting-edge Generative AI and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). It also helps SAP customers safeguard their investments into SAP Conversational AI and ensure a seamless, one-click transition to SAP Business AI.
With Skybuffer AI, various AI models can be integrated into a single communication channel such as Microsoft Teams. This integration empowers business users with insights drawn from SAP backend systems, enterprise documents, and the expansive knowledge of Generative AI. And the best part of it is that it is all managed through our intuitive no-code Action Server interface, requiring no extensive coding knowledge and making the advanced AI accessible to more users.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Dive into the realm of operating systems (OS) with Pravash Chandra Das, a seasoned Digital Forensic Analyst, as your guide. 🚀 This comprehensive presentation illuminates the core concepts, types, and evolution of OS, essential for understanding modern computing landscapes.
Beginning with the foundational definition, Das clarifies the pivotal role of OS as system software orchestrating hardware resources, software applications, and user interactions. Through succinct descriptions, he delineates the diverse types of OS, from single-user, single-task environments like early MS-DOS iterations, to multi-user, multi-tasking systems exemplified by modern Linux distributions.
Crucial components like the kernel and shell are dissected, highlighting their indispensable functions in resource management and user interface interaction. Das elucidates how the kernel acts as the central nervous system, orchestrating process scheduling, memory allocation, and device management. Meanwhile, the shell serves as the gateway for user commands, bridging the gap between human input and machine execution. 💻
The narrative then shifts to a captivating exploration of prominent desktop OSs, Windows, macOS, and Linux. Windows, with its globally ubiquitous presence and user-friendly interface, emerges as a cornerstone in personal computing history. macOS, lauded for its sleek design and seamless integration with Apple's ecosystem, stands as a beacon of stability and creativity. Linux, an open-source marvel, offers unparalleled flexibility and security, revolutionizing the computing landscape. 🖥️
Moving to the realm of mobile devices, Das unravels the dominance of Android and iOS. Android's open-source ethos fosters a vibrant ecosystem of customization and innovation, while iOS boasts a seamless user experience and robust security infrastructure. Meanwhile, discontinued platforms like Symbian and Palm OS evoke nostalgia for their pioneering roles in the smartphone revolution.
The journey concludes with a reflection on the ever-evolving landscape of OS, underscored by the emergence of real-time operating systems (RTOS) and the persistent quest for innovation and efficiency. As technology continues to shape our world, understanding the foundations and evolution of operating systems remains paramount. Join Pravash Chandra Das on this illuminating journey through the heart of computing. 🌟
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers
leewayhertz.com-AI in predictive maintenance Use cases technologies benefits ...alexjohnson7307
Predictive maintenance is a proactive approach that anticipates equipment failures before they happen. At the forefront of this innovative strategy is Artificial Intelligence (AI), which brings unprecedented precision and efficiency. AI in predictive maintenance is transforming industries by reducing downtime, minimizing costs, and enhancing productivity.