2. Sternocleidomastoid
Location –
• Neck
Movement –
• Head Flexion and rotation
Extra
Origin -
• Manubrium of sternum and medial
portion of clavicle.
Insertion –
• Mastoid process of temporal bone and
superior nuchal line of occipital bone.
Nerve Supply –
• Accessory Nerve (Cranial nerve XI)
3. Pectoralis Major
Location –
• Chest
Movement –
• Shoulder Flexion
• Internal Rotation
• Shoulder Adduction
Extra
Origin –
• Sternal end of clavicle, sternum, cartilage
of ribs 1-6 and aponeurosis of external
oblique muscle.
Insertion –
• Fibers converge to insert by a short
tendon into intertubercular groove of
humerus.
Nerve Supply –
• Lateral and Medial Pectoral Nerves
• Pulls rib cage upward, thus helps in climbing,
throwing, pushing and forced inspiration.
4. Pectoralis
Minor
Location –
• Chest
Movement –
• Stabilizes scapula by drawing it
inferiorly and anteriorly against
thoracic wall
Extras
Origin –
• 3rd to 5th ribs near their costal
cartilages
Insertion –
• Medial border and superior surface
of coracoid process of scapula
Nerve Supply –
• Medial pectoral nerves (C8, T1)
5. Biceps Brachii
Location-
• Anterior upper arm
Movement –
• Elbow Flexion
• Forearm Supination
Extra
• Has 2 origins (bi)
• Short head - coracoid process
• Long head – tubercle above
glenoid cavity
• Insertion
• Radial Tuberosity
• Nerve Supply
• Musculocutaneous Nerve
6. Brachialis
Location –
• Proximal to the elbow in supination.
Movement –
• Elbow flexion
Extras
Origin –
• Distal half of anterior surface of
humerus
Insertion –
• Coronoid process and tuberosity of
ulna
Nerve Supply –
• Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 and
C6) (C5, C6)
7. Brachioradialis
Location –
• Front of forearm.
Movement –
• Elbow Flexion
• Forearm Pronation
• Forearm Supination
Extras
Origin –
• Lower 2/3 of lateral
supracondylar ridge of
humerus.
Insertion –
• Styloid process of radius.
Nerve Supply –
• Radial Nerve
8. Flexor Digitorum
Superficialis
Location –
• Anterior aspect of the elbow in supination.
Movement –
• Flexes proximal phalanges at matacarpophalangeal
joints .
• Flexes middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal
joints of medial 4 fingers.
Extras
Origin -
• Humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus,
ulnar collateral ligament, and coronoid process of
ulna; Radial head: superior half of anterior border of
radius
Insertion –
• Bodies of middle phalanges of digits 2 - 5
Nerve Supply –
• Median nerve (C7, C8 and T1) (C7, C8, T1)
9. Palmaris Longus
Location-
• Inside of forearm
Movement-
• Weak wrist flexion
• Tenses skin and fascia of palm
during hand movements.
Extra
Origin-
• Medial epicondyle of humerus
Insertion-
• Palmar aponeurosis, skin and fascia
of palm.
Nerve Supply-
• Median nerve
• Some people don’t have one (14%)
• Touch your pointer finger with your 5th finger
and flex your wrist to see it.
10. Pronator Teres
Location –
• Anterior aspect of the elbow in supination.
Movement –
• Forearm Pronation
• Elbow Flexion
Extras
Origin -
• Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid
process of ulna
Insertion –
• Middle of lateral surface of radius
Nerve Supply –
• Median nerve (C6 and C7) (C6, C7)
11. Trapezius
Location-
• Upper Back
Movement –
• Stabilizes, raises, retracts, and rotates
Scapula
Extra
• Origin
• Occipital bone, spines of C7-
T12
• Insertion
• Along Acromion and spine
of scapula and Lat. 1/3 of
clavicle
• Nerve Supply
• Accessory Nerve
12. Levator Scapulae
Location –
• Back of the neck.
Movement –
• Scapula Elevation.
Extras
Origin –
• Transverse processes of
C1 – C4
Insertion –
• Medial border of scapula,
superior to the spine.
Nerve Supply –
• Cervical spinal nerves
• Dorsal scapular nerve
13. Rhomboid
Minor
Location –
• Upper back
• Between scapula and spine
Movement –
• Retract scapula
• Rotate scapula to depress glenoid cavity
• Fix scapula to thoracic wall
Extra
Origin –
• Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of
C7 and T1 vertebrae.
Insertion –
• Medial border of scapula from level of
spine to inferior angle.
Nerve Supply –
• Dorsal scapular nerve ( C4 and C5)
14. Rhomboid
Major
Location –
• Back
• Between the scapula and the spine
Movement –
• Retract scapula and rotate it to depress
glenoid cavity
• Fix scapula to thoracic wall
Extras
Origin –
• Spinous processes of T2 - T5 vertebrae
Insertion –
• Medial border of scapula from level of
spine to inferior angle
Nerve Supply –
• Dorsal scapular nerve ( C4 and C5) (C4, C5)
15. Triceps Brachii
Location –
• Back of the arm
Movement –
• Elbow Extension
Extras
Origin –
• LH: Infraglenoid tubercle of
scapula
• LTH: Posterior shaft of humerus
• MH: Posterior humeral shaft
distal to radial groove.
Insertion –
• By common tendon into
olecranon process of ulna.
Nerve Supply –
• Radial Nerve
16. Latissimus
Dorsi
Location –
• Inferior back
Movement –
• Shoulder Extension
• Shoulder Adduction
• Shoulder Internal rotation
Extras
Origin -
• Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic
vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest,
and inferior 3 or 4 ribs
Insertion –
• Floor of intertubercular groove of humerus
Nerve Supply –
• Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, and C8) (C6, C7,
C8)
17. Supraspinatus
Location –
• Top of the shoulder
• On the scapula
Movement –
• Shoulder abduction.
Extra
Origin –
• Supraspinous fossa
Insertion –
• Superior facet of the greater tubercle
of humerus.
Nerve Supply –
• Suprascapular nerve.
• Part of the rotator cuff.
• Stabilizes the humeral head in the glenoid fossa.
• Action is controversial.
18. Infraspinatus
Location –
• Scapula
• Back
Movement –
• Helps to hold head of humerus in gleniod
cavity.
• Stabilizing shoulder joint
• External rotation
Extra
Origin –
• Infraspinous fossa of scapula.
Insertion –
• Greater tubercle of humerus posterior to
insertion of supraspinatus.
Nerve Supply –
• Suprascapular
• Part of Rotator Cuff.
19. Teres Minor
Location –
• Back
• Inferior scapula
Movement –
• Shoulder External Rotation.
• Helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity.
Extras
Origin -
• Superior part of lateral border of scapula
Insertion –
• Inferior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus
Nerve Supply –
• Axillary nerve (C5 and C6) (C5, C6)
20. Subscapularis
Location –
• Inside of the scapula
Movement –
• Shoulder Adduction
• Shoulder Internal Rotation.
Extras
Origin -
• Subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion –
• Lesser tuberosity of humerus
Nerve Supply –
• Upper and lower subscapular nerves
(C5, C6 and C7) (C5, C6, C7)
21. Teres Major
Location –
• Back
• Lower scapula
Movement –
• Shoulder adduction
• Shoulder internal rotation
Extras
Origin –
• Dorsal surface of inferior
angle of scapula.
Insertion –
• Medial lip of intertubercular
groove of humerus.
Nerve Supply –
• Subscapular nerve
22. Serratus
Anterior
Location –
• Side of the rib cage
Movement –
• Draws scapula forward and upward.
• Abducts and rotates scapula.
• Stabilizes vertebral border of scapula.
Extras
Origin -
• Superolateral surfaces of upper 8 or 9
ribs at the side of chest
Insertion –
• Vertebral border of scapula
Nerve Supply –
• Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7) (C5,
C6, C7)
23. Anterior
Deltoid
Location –
• Superior and anterior aspect of
the shoulder.
Movement –
• Shoulder Flexion
• Shoulder Internal rotation
Extras
Origin -
• Lateral third of clavicle, acromion,
and spine of scapula
Insertion –
• Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Nerve Suppley –
• Axillary nerve (C5 and C6) (C5, C6)
24. Middle Deltoid
Location-
• Top of shoulder
• Upper arm
Movement-
• Shoulder Abduction (3)
Extras
• 3 total deltoid muscles
Origin-
• Embraces insertion of the trapezius
• lateral 1/3 of clavicle
• acromion and spine of scapula
Insertion-
• Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.
Nerve Supply-
• Axillary nerve
25. Posterior
Deltoid
Location –
• Top and posterior of shoulder
Movement –
• Transverse Extension.
• Shoulder Abduction (3)
Extras
Origin –
• Lower lip of posterior border
of spine of scapula as far back
as medial end.
Insertion –
• Deltoid tuberosity of
humerus.
Nerve Supply –
• Axillary Nerve
26. Iliopsoas
Combination of 3 muscles:
1. Psoas major
2. Psoas minor
3. Iliacus
Location –
•. Abdomen
Movement –
•. Torso Flexion
•. Hip Flexion
Extras
Origin –
•. Anterior surfaces and lower borders of transverse
processes of L1 - L5 and bodies and discs of T12 - L5
Insertion –
•. Lesser trochanter
Nerve Supply –
•. Direct fibers of L1 - L3 of lumbar plexus (L1, L2, L3)
27. Sartorius
Location –
• Anterior aspect of the thigh
• Medial aspect of the knee.
Movement –
• Hip Flexion
• Hip External Rotation
• Knee Flexion.
Extras
Origin –
• Anterior superior iliac spine .
Insertion –
• Superior aspect of the medial surface of
the tibial shaft near the tibial tuberosity.
Nerve Supply –
• Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
28. Rectus Femoris
Location-
• Middle, Front Thigh
Movement –
• Knee Extension
• Hip Flexion
Extra
• Origin
• Anterior Inferior Illiac Spine
• Insertion
• Patella and Tibial Tuberosity
via Patellar Ligament
• Nerve Supply
• Femoral Nerve
29. Vastus
Lateralis
Location –
• Anterior aspect of thigh.
Movement –
• Knee Extension
Extras
Origin –
• Superior portion of intertrochanteric line, anterior
and inferior borders of greater trochanter, superior
portion of lateral lip of linea aspera, and lateral
portion of gluteal tuberosity of femur.
Insertion –
• Lateral base and border of patella; also forms the
lateral patellar retinaculum and lateral side of
quadriceps femoris tendon.
Nerve Supply –
• Muscular branches of femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
30. Vastus Medialis
Location –
• Front of thigh
Movement –
• Extends knee
• Stabilize patella
Extras
Origin –
• Linea aspera, intertrochanteric
line.
Insertion –
• As for rectus femoris
Nerve Supply –
• Femoral Nerve
• Part of the Quadriceps muscle group.
• Tear drop on the inside is called the
‘oblique.’
31. Vastus
Intermedius
Location –
• Anterior aspect of the thigh.
Movement –
• Knee Extension (4)
Extras
Origin –
• Superior 2/3 of anterior and lateral surfaces of
femur; also from lateral intermuscular septum of
thigh
Insertion –
• Lateral border of patella; also forms the deep
portion of the quadriceps tendon
Nerve Supply –
• Muscular branches of femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
32. Anterior
Tibialis
Location –
• Front of lower leg
Movement –
• Dorsiflexion of ankle.
Extra
Origin –
• Lateral condyle and upper 2/3
of tibial shaft; interosseous
membrane.
Insertion –
• By tendon into inferior surface
of medial cuneiform and first
metatarsal bone.
Nerve Supply –
• Deep fibular nerve
• Muscle associated with shin splints.
33. Gluteus
MaximusLocation –
• Butt
• Backside
Movement –
• Hip extension.
• Hip external rotation.
• Hip abduction.
Extras
Origin –
• Posterior aspect of dorsal ilium posterior to
posterior gluteal line, posterior superior iliac
crest, posterior inferior aspect of sacrum and
coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament.
Insertion –
• Primarily in fascia lata at the iliotibial band;
also into the gluteal tuberosity on posterior
femoral surface.
Nerve Supply –
• Inferior gluteal nerve
34. Gluteus
MediusLocation-
• Back side.
• Buttocks
Movement-
• Hip Abduction
• Hip internal rotation
Extras
Origin-
• Between anterior and posterior gluteal lines on lateral
surface of ilium
Insertion-
• By short tendon into lateral aspect of greater trochanter
of femur
Nerve Supply-
• Superior gluteal nerve
• Important in walking
• Muscle of limb planted on ground tilts or holds pelvis in abduction so
that pelvis on side of swinging limb does not sag.
• The foot of swinging limb can thus clear the ground.
35. Gluteus
Minimus
Location –
• Lateral aspect of the hip.
Movement –
• Hip Abduction (3)
• Hip Internal rotation.
Extras
Origin –
• Dorsal ilium between inferior and anterior
gluteal lines; also from edge of greater sciatic
notch
Insertion –
• Anterior surface of greater trochanter
Nerve Supply –
• Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) (L4, L5, S1)
36. Gastrocnemius
Location –
• Posterior lower leg
Movement –
• Plantarflexes foot when knee
extended
• Knee flexion when ankle dorsiflexed
Extra
Origin –
• By two heads from medial and lateral
condyles of femur.
Insertion –
• Posterior calcaneus via calcaneal
tendon.
Nerve Supply –
• Tibial Nerve
37. Soleus
Location –
• Posterior aspect of the lower leg.
• Under the gastrocnemius.
Movement –
• Ankle Plantarflexion
Extras
Origin –
• Posterior aspect of fibular head, upper 1/4 - 1/3 of posterior
surface of fibula, middle 1/3 of medial border of tibial shaft,
and from posterior surface of a tendinous arch spanning the
two sites of bone origin
Insertion –
• Eventually unites with the gastrocnemius aponeurosis to
form the Achilles tendon, inserting on the middle 1/3 of the
posterior calcaneal surface
Nerve Supply –
• Tibial nerve (S1, S2) (S1, S2)
38. Semitendinosus
Location –
• Posterior aspect of the thigh.
Movement –
• Knee Flexion
• Hip Extension
• Tibia internal rotation when knee is flexed.
Extras
Origin –
• From common tendon with long head of biceps
femoris from superior medial quadrant of the
posterior portion of the ischial tuberosity
Insertion –
• Superior aspect of medial portion of tibial shaft
Nerve Supply –
• Tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)
39. Semimebranosus
Location –
• Back of the thigh.
Movement –
• Knee Flexion
• Hip extension and internal rotation.
Extra
• Part of the Hamstring group.
Origin –
• Ischial tuberosity
Insertion –
• Medial condyle of tibia.
Nerve Supply –
• Sciatic nerve.
40. Biceps Femoris
Location –
• Back of the thigh.
Movement –
• Knee Flexion (3)
• Rotates the tibia laterally.
• Extends the hip joint
Extras
Origin –
• Common tendon with semitendinosus from
superior medial quadrant of the posterior
portion of the ischial tuberosity
Insertion –
• Primarily on fibular head; also on lateral
collateral ligament and lateral tibial condyle
Nerve Supply –
• Tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)
41. Tensor Fasciae
Latae
Location –
• Lateral aspect of the upper leg.
Movement –
• Helps stabilize the hip and knee by putting
tension on the iliotibial band of fascia.
Extras
Origin -
• Anterior superior iliac spine, outer lip of
anterior iliac crest and fascia lata
Insertion –
• Iliotibial band
Nerve Supply –
• Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) (L4, L5,
S1)
42. Adductor
Longus
Location –
• Inside of the thigh
Movement –
• Adduction of the hip
• Hip flexion
Extra
Origin –
• Pubic body just below the
pubic crest.
Insertion –
• Middle 1/3 of the linea
aspera
Nerve Supply –
• Obturator nerve
43. Adductor
Brevis
Location –
• Inside of thigh
Movement –
• Adducts hip.
• Flexes hip.
• Externally rotates hip.
Extras
Origin –
• Anterior surface of inferior
pubic ramus, inferior to origin
of adductor longus.
Insertion –
• Pectineal line and superior part
of medial lip of linea aspera.
Nerve Supply –
• Obturator nerve
44. Adductor
Magnus
Location –
• Medial aspect of the thigh.
Movement –
• Hip Adduction (3)
• Hip Flexion (Horizontal fibers)
• Hip Extension (Vertical fibers)
Extras
Origin –
• Inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus, and
inferolateral area of ischial tuberosity
Insertion –
• Gluteal tuberosity of femur, medial lip of linea
aspera, medial supracondylar ridge, and adductor
tubercle
Nerve Supply –
• Posterior division of obturator nerve innervates
most of the adductor magnus; vertical or hamstring
portion innervated by tibial nerve (L2, L3, L4)
45. Gracilis
Location –
• Inside of the thigh.
Movement –
• Hip adduction, flexion, and internal
rotation.
Extras
Origin –
• Inferior ramus and body of pubis and
adjacent ischial ramus.
Insertion –
• Medial surface of tibia just inferior to
its medial condyle (Pes Anserinus).
Nerve Supply –
• Obturator nerve.
46. Pectineus
Location –
• Inside of the thigh.
Movement –
• Hip Adduction
• Hip Flexion
Extras
Origin –
• Pecten pubis and pectineal surface of the pubis
Insertion –
• Pectineal line of femur
Nerve Supply –
• Femoral nerve usually, although it may
sometimes receive additional innervation from
the obturator nerve as well (L2, L3, L4)
47. Peroneus
Longus
Location –
• Lateral, lower leg
Movement –
• Ankle Eversion.
• Ankle Plantarflexion
• Supports transverse arch
Extras
Origin –
• Head of fibula
• Upper ½ - 2/3 of lateral fibular shaft surface.
Insertion –
• Plantar posterolateral aspect of medial cuneiform.
• Lateral side of 1st metatarsal base.
Nerve Supply –
• Superficial peroneal nerve.
