This document provides an overview of low back pain, including its definition, types, symptoms, and common causes. It highlights healthcare costs associated with treating low back pain, specifically mentioning a staggering $100 billion annually in the U.S., and outlines preventative measures and self-management strategies to mitigate the condition. The conclusion notes that early intervention and changes in habits can significantly lower treatment costs and improve recovery outcomes.

1. GROUP 6 :
1. NUR HANNANI BINTI ABD RAHIM
2. FADLIN SAKINA BINTI ABD KADIR
3. NADIA LUYAH ANAK KULING
4. ALICE LIKA ANAK BALAI
QKU31O3 HEALTHCARE
AWARENESS
NON COMMUNICABLE DISEASE :
LOW BACK PAIN

2. INTRODUCTION & DEFINITION
 Lumbar spine is consists of 5 bones (vertebrae)
and between this vertebrae are structures called
discs which act as shock absorber.
 The low back supports the weights of the upper
body and provide mobility.

3. DEFINITION
 Refers to any pain or discomfort experienced in the bottom
region of the spine, which is known as the lumbar spine.
 There are 4 types of low back pain :
1) Disc pain
2) Disc decompression
3) Facet joint pain
4) Intraspinal
 There are 3 subtypes :
1) Acute = less than 6 weeks
2) Sub-acute = between 6 to 12 weeks
3) Chronic = more than 12 weeks

4. SYMPTOMS
1) Achy, dull pain
2) Muscle spasm
3) Local soreness upon touch
4) Pain that moves down one leg or to the groin, buttock
and upper thigh (sciatica)
5) Stiffness and difficulty in moving
6) Trouble in sleeping
7) Tingling or ‘pin-and-needles’ sensation
8) Numbness or weakness

5. CAUSES
 Strained ligaments or muscle tissue
 Spinal stenosis
 Skeletal irregularities
 Herniated or ruptured disc
 Infection
 Traumatic injury
 Osteoporosis
 Health issues such as tumors
 Radiculopathy

6. HEALTHCARE COST
• In US, the cost of treatments with people with lower
back pain is 100000 billion per year
• The cost including hospitalized, medicines,
physiotherapy, lumbar support and surgery.

7. SURVEY ON LOW BACK
PAIN
QUESTION 0 1 2
1. Lifting and carrying heavy weight
2. Walking more than 3 miles
3. Walking more than 1 mile
4. Standing more than 3 hours
5. Standing more than 1 hour
6. Sitting more than 3 hours
7. Sitting more than 1 hour
8. Sleeping for 6 hours straight
9. Travelling on a journey more than 3 hours
10. Travelling on a journey more than 1 hour
We are conducting a survey to give us information on how your back pain is affecting
your daily life. Please check the following section one by one and tick the following
answer which applies best applied to you.
Pain intensity: 0-no pain 1-mild pain 2-severe pain

8. ANALYSIS OF DATA
Graph 1:Analysis of data on Survey Question on Low
Back Pain among UPSI male students
Graph 1 shows the analysis of data for survey question on low back pain. By
using graph, the highest and lowest percentage for every each of question. 40
respondent are involved in this survey. Respondent are targeted among UPSI
student between the age of 19-24. The highest mean question is number 10,
‘traveling on a journey more than 1 hour is 1.25. the lowest mean question is
number 6, ‘sitting more than 3 hours’ is 1.00.

9. Graph 2:Analysis for data for Survey Question on
Low Back Pain among UPSI female student
Graph 2 shows the analysis of data for survey question on low back pain. By using
graph, the highest and lowest percentage for every each of question. 40 respondent are
involved in this survey. Respondent are targeted among UPSI student between the age
of 19-24. The highest mean question is number 7, ‘sitting more than 1 hour’ is 1.38.
The lowest mean question is number 5, ‘standing more than 1 hour’ is 0.85.

10. RISK FACTORS
Non-modifiable risk factors
of low back pain
Modifiable risk factors of
developing low back pain
 Age
 Gender
 Genetic
 Prior work exposures
 Low income and low
education
 Psychological distress
 Moderate of vigorous
physical activity
 Smoking
 Falls
 Bad postures

11. TRENDS IN LOW
BACK PAIN

14. PREVENTION PROGRAM AND SELF
MANAGEMENT INTERVENTION
Prevention program :
PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL LOW BACK PAIN
Can be on three levels, all of which have been reported as
effective.
1. Primary prevention ( before incidence)
• Usually the most common strategy utilized by employers
• Aim: to increase the resistance to back pain
• Three main alternatives: Pre – employment screening
programme, improvements in works habits and changes at the
workplace.

15. 2. Secondary preventing (of chronicity and recurrence of
symptoms)
• Design to share knowlegde : risks, the problem associated and
added problem of early disease detection
3. Tertiary prevention (reducing disability)
• Therapy to reduce the disability and chronicity
• Practical prevention method

16. SELF MANAGEMENT
INTERVENTION
• Exercise to keep your back healthy and strong
• Learn how to lift objects safely to protect your back
• Think about your posture, whether you are sitting or standing
• Wear low – heeled shoes
• Stay at a healthy weight to avoid excess strain on your lower
back
• If you smoke, quit.
• Eat a healthy diet
• Manage stress

17. SKILLS OF MANAGING GROUP

18. CHANGES SKILLS OR
BEHAVIOUR PLAN
Exercise to keep
your back healthy
and strong
Learn how to lift
objects safely to
protect your back
Think about your
posture, whether
you are sitting or
standing
Wear low – heeled
shoes
Stay at a healthy
weight to avoid
excess strain on
your lower back
If you smoke, quit.
Eat a healthy diet Manage stress

19. EFFECTIVENESS
OF EXERCISE
Strengthen the
supporting muscle in
order to prevent
straining soft tissue
Improving
mobility
Reduce
stiffness

20. SUMMARY
As for conclusion, low back pain a disease that attacks people from all
around the world. It can be categorized into acute, sub-acute or chronic.
The common symptoms of low back can be identified by the pain
sensation, numbness or even stiffness. The causes of low back pain might
be because of the disc or vertebrae itself, the muscles and ligaments and
also the nerve root. This lower back pain will attack mostly 80% of people
once in their life. Gender, genetics and age are the most common risk
factors for the low back pain. In U.S, the healthcare cost for treating low
back pain is almost 100000 billion. But if the patient seeks for an early
treatment, such as physiotherapy treatment, the cost will be reduced. In
preventing the low back pain from occurring, change of habits is a must.
For example, a person will need to change his/her habit in sitting and
standing posture or even lifting heavy objects. Besides that, people need to
acknowledge this low back pain through seminar or talk. Most of people
had recovered from this low back pain without undergo surgery and only
through the active exercises.