Presentation detailed about SDN (Software Defined Network) overview . It covers from basics like different controllers and touches upon some technical details.
Covers Terminologies used, OpenFlow, Controllers, Open Day light, Cisco ONE, Google B4, NFV,etc
This study guide is intended to provide those pursuing the CCNA certification with a framework of what concepts need to be studied. This is not a comprehensive document containing all the secrets of the CCNA, nor is it a “braindump” of questions and answers.
I sincerely hope that this document provides some assistance and clarity in your studies.
Presentation detailed about SDN (Software Defined Network) overview . It covers from basics like different controllers and touches upon some technical details.
Covers Terminologies used, OpenFlow, Controllers, Open Day light, Cisco ONE, Google B4, NFV,etc
This study guide is intended to provide those pursuing the CCNA certification with a framework of what concepts need to be studied. This is not a comprehensive document containing all the secrets of the CCNA, nor is it a “braindump” of questions and answers.
I sincerely hope that this document provides some assistance and clarity in your studies.
Had the pleasure to introduce and discuss LoRaWaN unconference IoT 2018 and Smart IoT Product Managers Meetup in Tel Aviv. This presentation is a practical guide to LoRaWan and what it takes to build solutions with it.
Moved to https://speakerdeck.com/ebiken/zebra-srv6-cli-on-linux-dataplane-enog-number-49
Introduction to SRv6, Linux SRv6 implementation and how to add SRv6 CLI to Zebra 2.0 Open Source Network Operation Stack.
Presented at ENOG (Echigo NOG) #49.
Marek Isalski, Faelix.net Ltd, describes the MikroTik range of routers and their applications, gives a pros and cons summary, and recommendations for budget provider edge deployment.
Introduction to SDN: Software Defined NetworkingAnkita Mahajan
SDN is the next big thing in networking. It focuses on separating the intelligence from the hardware. OpenFlow is one of the ways (currently the open standard followed by all Datacenters) to implement SDN.
he Associate level of Cisco Certifications can begin directly with CCNA for network installation, operations and troubleshooting or CCDA for network design. Think of the Associate Level as the foundation level of networking certification.
How to manage internet clients of an ISP with PPPoE and MikroTik. For
centralized AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting), freeRadius is used.
What is NFV? How does it relate to SDN, what does it mean for the telecommunications industry, and why should anyone outside of that industry care?
Presentation delivered at CloudOpen Europe, Düsseldorf, October 2014
Presentation by Quaenet on what LoRaWAN is and the role it plays in the Internet of Things (IoT and IIoT). Presented at Silicon Halton IoT Peer2Peer group Sep 2018.
How new Low Power Wireless Area Networks (LPWAN's) are aggressively challenging the Internet of Things status quo and how industry can exploit this opportunity. Specifically, the ability to query IoT endpoints in real time, improve network capacity and data rates, and the ability to deploy a filesystem in order to create a "Hadoop"-like real-time query capability at the edge of the network is explored.
More details on implementing broadcast/multicast messaging in IoT networking running Haystack + DASH7 networking software. Also implementing CBOR to enable queries over MQTT.
Had the pleasure to introduce and discuss LoRaWaN unconference IoT 2018 and Smart IoT Product Managers Meetup in Tel Aviv. This presentation is a practical guide to LoRaWan and what it takes to build solutions with it.
Moved to https://speakerdeck.com/ebiken/zebra-srv6-cli-on-linux-dataplane-enog-number-49
Introduction to SRv6, Linux SRv6 implementation and how to add SRv6 CLI to Zebra 2.0 Open Source Network Operation Stack.
Presented at ENOG (Echigo NOG) #49.
Marek Isalski, Faelix.net Ltd, describes the MikroTik range of routers and their applications, gives a pros and cons summary, and recommendations for budget provider edge deployment.
Introduction to SDN: Software Defined NetworkingAnkita Mahajan
SDN is the next big thing in networking. It focuses on separating the intelligence from the hardware. OpenFlow is one of the ways (currently the open standard followed by all Datacenters) to implement SDN.
he Associate level of Cisco Certifications can begin directly with CCNA for network installation, operations and troubleshooting or CCDA for network design. Think of the Associate Level as the foundation level of networking certification.
How to manage internet clients of an ISP with PPPoE and MikroTik. For
centralized AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting), freeRadius is used.
What is NFV? How does it relate to SDN, what does it mean for the telecommunications industry, and why should anyone outside of that industry care?
Presentation delivered at CloudOpen Europe, Düsseldorf, October 2014
Presentation by Quaenet on what LoRaWAN is and the role it plays in the Internet of Things (IoT and IIoT). Presented at Silicon Halton IoT Peer2Peer group Sep 2018.
How new Low Power Wireless Area Networks (LPWAN's) are aggressively challenging the Internet of Things status quo and how industry can exploit this opportunity. Specifically, the ability to query IoT endpoints in real time, improve network capacity and data rates, and the ability to deploy a filesystem in order to create a "Hadoop"-like real-time query capability at the edge of the network is explored.
More details on implementing broadcast/multicast messaging in IoT networking running Haystack + DASH7 networking software. Also implementing CBOR to enable queries over MQTT.
An overview of Haystack's security features for low power IoT networks. Unlike most IoT stacks, when Haystack invented DASH7, security was an a priori principle and led to the most secure networking stack available in the low power, wide area networking (LPWAN) space today.
Wireless IoT connections fall into two low-power camps: local area and wide area. Historically the two have not overlapped but advances in networking technologies make it possible for wide area technologies to perform the same functions as local area technologies with no additional cost or feature "sacrifice".
Learn the latest about the DASH7 open source firmware project, OpenTag, with support for new DASH7 capabilities like RTLS, better sensor and security support, and bitrates of up to 200kbps.
What is the difference between LoRa and LoraWAN?
LoRa and LoRaWAN are the two hottest wireless communication technologies in IoT, and it is hard for many people who are new to IoT to distinguish the difference between LoRa and LoraWAN.
First, let’s know about the difference between LoRa and LoraWAN technologies.
What is a Lora gateway and what does it do?
LoRa gateways use different frequency extension factors and different frequency extension factors, and can therefore theoretically demodulate multiple frequency extension factors in the same channel. Gateways and web servers are connected via standard IP, and endpoints communicate with one or more gateways via a single hop.
LoRaWAN and 3GPP technologies cover all Industrial IoT use casesErika Gelinard
we examine both Mobile IoT (NB-IoT, Cat-M1, Cat-1) and LoRaWAN, with the objective to demonstrate the complementary aspects of the two technologies. We show how operators tap into unlicensed IoT market space using LoRaWAN and complement it with licensed Mobile IoT.
LoRaWAN and 3GPP technologies cover all Industrial IoT use casesActility
We examine both Mobile IoT (NB-IoT, Cat-M1, Cat-1) and LoRaWAN, with the objective to demonstrate the complementary aspects of the two technologies. We show how operators tap into unlicensed IoT market space using LoRaWAN and complement it with licensed Mobile IoT.
Emerging LTE standards for IoT lack a networking stack for true real-time, low power networking. A simple add-on to the existing TCP/IP stack makes a difference.
What is Lora wireless communication technology?
Lora wireless communication technology is Long Range Radio wireless communication technology. It is a low-power LAN wireless standard created by Semtech company. Its biggest feature is that it can travel farther than other wireless methods under the same power consumption condition, achieving low power consumption and Long-distance unity, it is 3-5 times longer than the traditional radio frequency communication distance under the same power consumption.
After the read, you will learn about what are the differences between Lora vs Zigbee.
What is the result of Lora vs ZigBee?
ZigBee is a low-power local area network protocol based on the IEEE802.15.4 standard. Lora is one of the LPWAN communication technologies. Lora vs ZigBee, Which one is better?
In the following, we will discuss the LoRa vs ZigBee differences, Comprehensive analysis of the technology of LoRa vs ZigBee.
What are the Benefits of LoRaWAN Technology?
Today, we talk about the seven benefits of LoRaWAN technology application.
In December 2021, LoRaWAN officially became the ITU International Standard for Low Power Wide Area Networks and has been endorsed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
LoRaWAN is developed as an open standard and has been widely recognized by the low power wide area network community. The rapid adoption of this standard for global IoT low-power wide-area networks is a testament to its universality.
LoRaWAN is now a very popular LPWA communication standard that uses unlicensed radio spectrum in the ISM (Industrial, Scientific, Medical) band at frequencies ranging from approximately 433 MHz to 868 MHz, 915 MHz (standards vary around the world).
In the IoT connectivity environment, in addition to smart home networking and office space scenarios, many IoT devices will be connected and communicated in remote environments where the new environment will be inaccessible and require power connections due to M2M transmission coverage limitations.
NB-IoT VS Lora
This article is talking about NB-IoT VS Lora, comparative analysis of NB-IoT and Lora technology.
The rapid development of the Internet of Things puts forward higher requirements for wireless communication technology. The LPWAN (low-power Wide-Area Network) is also rapidly emerging.
IoT applications need to consider many factors, such as node costs, network costs, battery life, data transmission rate (throughput), latency, mobility, network coverage, and deployment types. It can be said that no single technology can meet all IoT requirements demand.
NB-IoT and LoRa have different technical and commercial characteristics and are also the two most promising low-power wide-area network communication technologies.
Both of these LPWAN technologies have the characteristics of wide coverage, multiple connections, low speed, low cost, and low power consumption. Both are suitable for low-power IoT applications and are actively expanding their ecosystems.
That is quite a huge number, and you may be wondering how exactly this will be made possible. The simple answer is IoT, LoRa, and LoRaWAN. https://bit.ly/2UXJbd9
How to choose the most suitable LoRa devices Lora product becomes the top-level design of the Internet of Things(IoT).
What are the Lora devices?
LoRa devices and the LoRaWAN protocol used for smart cities, smart homes and buildings, smart agriculture, smart metering, smart supply chain, and logistics, and more.
LoRa has become a rising star in Internet of Things communication technology due to its "long-range and low power consumption" advantages.
LoRaWAN has obvious advantages: high capacity, globally unified standard, free frequency band with Lora 433MHz, Lora 868MHz, Lora 915MHz, low cost, flexibility. Like WiFi, it has become a major choice for the "Private Internet of Things". (NB-IoT such as GPRS is public Networking program). Many domestic companies and universities are now at the climax of building his LoRa Internet of Things.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
2. 2
up to 30 Miles
Long Range /
“LPWAN”
30 feet 3 miles300 feet
Medium Range
Short Range /
“LPLAN”
NB-IoT
LPWAN’s: The Next IoT Battlespace
3. 3
LPWAN’s Address the Battery-powered IoT
Mains-powered IoT networking has already gone to WiFi.
“All of the easy types IoT integrations have been done already, and they’ve
been done almost entirely with WiFi”
— A major IoT cloud service integration partner
‣ Mains-powered IoT is the tip of the iceberg. Battery-powered is the
part under the water, and WiFi doesn’t address it.
‣ LPWAN is the next area that is being addressed.
‣ Haystack’s DASH7 IoT networking stack is firmware that can be
integrated into any LPWAN.
‣ DASH7-enhanced LPWANs can provide all WAN, LAN, and location-
based features with the kinds of real-time IP and database APIs cloud
& internet developers require.
Mains-Powered
(WiFi) IoT
LPWAN
Hybrid
LPWAN+LAN
HW
FW
HW
4. 4
LoRa - Maybe The Most Talked About LPWAN
Technology Right Now
Description
• Long range, low power radio technology for IoT
devices
Range
• 13 miles line-of-sight,
• 1.2 miles urban non-line-of-sight
Radio frequencies
supported
• 863-870 (EU), 433-434, 902-928 (US), 779-787
(China) (link)
Battery Life • Up to 10 years
Data Rate • Programmable from 0.3 kbps - 50 kbps
Security
• Various, but keys are distributed at point of
manufacture
Standardization • None. Exclusively available via Semtech.
Pricing • ~$4 per chipset
Competitors
• NB-IoT (Qualcomm, et al), Texas Instruments,
Sigfox
Manufacturer • Semtech
5. 5
Description
• Long range, low power radio technology for IoT
devices
Range
• 13 miles line-of-sight,
• 1.2 miles urban non-line-of-sight
Radio frequencies
supported
• 863-870 (EU), 433-434, 902-928 (US), 779-787
(China) (link)
Battery Life • Up to 10 years
Data Rate • Programmable from 0.3 kbps - 50 kbps
Security
• Various, but keys are distributed at point of
manufacture
Standardization • None. Exclusively available via Semtech.
Pricing • ~$4 per chip
Competitors
• NB-IoT (Qualcomm, et al), Texas Instruments,
Sigfox
Manufacturer • Semtech
LoRa - Maybe The Most Talked About LPWAN
Technology Right Now
Endorsed by
Haystack
6. 6
LoRaWAN
A Simple Networking Stack For LoRa
• Simple networking “freeware” for LoRa-based IoT
devices
• Really basic feature set and functionality
• Not the same thing as LoRa, which is only a physical
layer radio technology
• Defines low level Media Access Control and some
Network layer functions, but not an end-to-end
networking solution like WiFi or Bluetooth
• Works exclusively with LoRa chips
• Managed by the LoRa Alliance and sponsored by
Semtech
7. 7
The Basic Problem With LoRaWAN
LoRaWAN is not a serious IoT protocol!
(and serious IoT developers should not use LoRaWAN!)
8. 10 Reasons LoRaWAN
Is Not A Serious IoT Protocol
1. Incomplete networking stack
2. Fundamentally a one-way protocol
3. Network capacity & interference
4. Weak indoor & geolocation features
5. High latency, not real-time
6. Major security and privacy risks
8. No multi-hop, mesh, or P2P
7. No OTA firmware updates
9. No portability to other IoT tech
10. No roaming
9. 9
1. LoRaWAN Is An Incomplete Stack
FACTS:
1. LoRaWAN is not a complete firmware solution
for LoRa-based networks.
2. LoRaWAN only defines the Media Access
Control layer (layer 2 of the OSI model) and
parts of the Networking layer (layer 3).
Remaining Network, Session, Transport,
Presentation, and Application Layers are
undefined.
10. 10
1. LoRaWAN Is An Incomplete Stack
FACTS:
1. LoRaWAN is not a complete firmware solution
for LoRa-based networks.
2. LoRaWAN only defines the Media Access
Control layer (layer 2 of the OSI model) and
parts of the Networking layer (layer 3).
Remaining Network, Session, Transport,
Presentation, and Application Layers are
undefined.
WHAT THIS MEANS TO DEVELOPERS:
1. Developers using LoRaWAN will need to invest in
additional development efforts to complete
endpoint and gateway firmware functions to
make LoRaWAN “work”.
2. Basic functions like packetization, multicast, and
downlink control are undefined.
3. LoRaWAN lacks a common data representation
model and transport model for applications to use
(typically, this is a file).
11. 11
2. LoRaWAN Is Fundamentally
A One-Way Protocol
FACTS:
1. LoRaWAN is fundamentally a one-way/
simplex protocol
2. Two-way/duplex functionality is theoretically
possible, albeit at huge and impractical
costs.
3. A base station can respond to an uplink
message, but there is no a way to push data
down from the internet to the endpoints.
4. If a base station is transmitting while an
endpoint is transmitting, the endpoint’s
message will usually be lost.
12. 12
2. LoRaWAN Is Fundamentally
A One-Way Protocol
FACTS:
1. LoRaWAN is fundamentally a one-way/
simplex protocol
2. Two-way/duplex functionality is theoretically
possible, albeit at huge and impractical
costs.
3. A base station can respond to an uplink
message, but there is no a way to push data
down from the internet to the endpoints.
4. If a base station is transmitting while an
endpoint is transmitting, the endpoint’s
message will usually be lost.
WHAT THIS MEANS TO DEVELOPERS:
1. LoRaWAN’s claims about being a fully bi-
directional protocol are misleading at best.
2. There is no confirmation that a message
transmitted by an endpoint has reached the
gateway. Assume that ~80% (!) will be lost in a
fully-utilized network.
3. Use cases should be limited to “paging”
applications where receipt of the message is non-
mission-critical and confirmation of message
receipt is not mandatory. Using LoRaWAN to turn
lights on or off, for example, would have a high
probability of failure.
4. Internet-based applications that want to interact
with LoRa endpoint are not supported.
13. 13
3. LoRaWAN Has Huge Capacity
and Interference Challenges
FACTS:
1. LoRaWAN was designed with a 1% duty cycle
limitation for both endpoints and gateways.
2. When a gateway is transmitting, all gateway
receive channels are disabled, thereby making
it half-duplex only.
3. LoRaWAN utilizes a crude form of time domain
synchronization and framing and lacks
sufficient error correction to effectively deal
with concurrent channel usage.
4. Testing shows LoRaWAN’s MAC efficiency is
only in the 18-22% range.
5. Semtech’s LoRa PHY implementation offers no
model for standards’ compliant listen-before-
talk.
14. 14
3. LoRaWAN Has Huge Capacity
and Interference Challenges
FACTS:
1. LoRaWAN was designed with a 1% duty cycle
limitation for both endpoints and gateways.
2. When a gateway is transmitting, all gateway
receive channels are disabled, thereby making
it half-duplex only.
3. LoRaWAN utilizes a crude form of time domain
synchronization and framing and lacks
sufficient error correction to effectively deal
with concurrent channel usage.
4. Testing shows LoRaWAN’s MAC efficiency is
only in the 18-22% range.
5. Semtech’s LoRa PHY implementation offers no
model for standards’ compliant listen-before-
talk.
WHAT THIS MEANS TO DEVELOPERS:
1. The one-way “Aloha” MAC’s deficiencies in
network capacity are exacerbated by the 1% duty
limitation, practically, as endpoints must
frequently re-transmit messages in order to
ensure receipt.
2. EU regulations allowing greater duty cycle require
listen-before-talk features, but these are not
available to LoRaWAN developers.
3. LoRa and non-LoRa networks deployed near
competing LoRa networks are likely to experience
collisions and other failures. It is hard to prevent
LoRaWAN “bandwidth hogs”.
15. 15
4. Indoor Location with LoRaWAN is
Weak or Non-existent
FACTS:
1. Because LoRaWAN is not a fully two-way
or real-time protocol, indoor location
cannot be determined with any practical
precision.
2. Querying the location of a LoRaWAN
endpoint in real-time is not supported.
16. 16
4. Indoor Location with LoRaWAN is
Weak or Non-existent
FACTS:
1. Because LoRaWAN is not a fully two-way
or real-time protocol, indoor location
cannot be determined with any practical
precision.
2. Querying the location of a LoRaWAN
endpoint in real-time is not supported.
WHAT THIS MEANS TO DEVELOPERS:
1. LoRaWAN’s claims about geolocation or even
indoor location are misleading at best.
2. Use cases requiring precise location in a
warehouse or office building, where GPS is
unavailable, should not rely on LoRaWAN.
3. The lack of a real-time query feature makes RSSI-
based geolocation problematic in nearly all use
cases.
17. 17
4a. Outdoor Location with LoRaWAN is
Weak Without GPS
FACTS:
1. LoRaWAN lacks a data field describing
transmit power from the endpoint, thus
preventing RSSI-based location over adaptive
power channels.
2. LoRa’s bandwidth is only 125-500 kHz, and
the modulation operates at low SNR. Time
based location models (e.g. TOF, TDOA),
have precision directly correlated to
bandwidth and SNR.
3. LoRa receivers have excellent multipath
robustness, which is a problem as the
bandwidth-time window is at best 2µs. A
multipath signal can travel 600m in 2µs, and
therefore interfere with location estimation.
18. 18
4a. Outdoor Location with LoRaWAN is
Weak Without GPS
FACTS:
1. LoRaWAN lacks a data field describing
transmit power from the endpoint, thus
preventing RSSI-based location over adaptive
power channels.
2. LoRa’s bandwidth is only 125-500 kHz, and
the modulation operates at low SNR. Time
based location models (e.g. TOF, TDOA),
have precision directly correlated to
bandwidth and SNR.
3. LoRa receivers have excellent multipath
robustness, which is a problem as the
bandwidth-time window is at best 2µs. A
multipath signal can travel 600m in 2µs, and
therefore interfere with location estimation.
WHAT THIS MEANS TO DEVELOPERS:
1. LoRaWAN location resolution is similar to that
experienced by GPRS systems, which as a rule of
thumb is 1/4 the cell-cell distance. This could be
hundreds of meters.
2. If you use LoRaWAN for tracking things outdoors,
accurately you must use GPS + results will not be
real-time + could have latency of many minutes.
3. The LoRa chipset is quite large, and it requires a
lot of external passives. Optimized SiP’s are in the
region of 11x17x1mm. In some devices, there
isn’t room for an additional GPS chipset.
19. 19
5. LoRaWAN is Not Real-Time
FACTS:
1. LoRaWAN cannot support “pull” type
communication from gateway to
endpoint. Endpoint initiates all
communication.
2. Responses from Gateway to Endpoint
are extremely limited; there are just two
short opportunities per cycle, and
communication is point-to-point.
3. The minimum network latency (cycle) is
128s, even for alerts.
20. 20
5. LoRaWAN is Not Real-Time
FACTS:
1. LoRaWAN cannot support “pull” type
communication from gateway to
endpoint. Endpoint initiates all
communication.
2. Responses from Gateway to Endpoint
are extremely limited; there are just two
short opportunities per cycle, and
communication is point-to-point.
3. The minimum network latency (cycle) is
128s, even for alerts.
WHAT THIS MEANS TO DEVELOPERS:
1. Real-time applications like indoor location are not
feasible with such high latencies.
2. Exchanging data with moving objects (roaming) is
not feasible due to latency issues or lack of “pull”
dataflows.
3. If your use case requires the ability to transmit
“live” sensor data, LoRaWAN is a poor choice.
4. If your use case includes querying the status or
sensor log of an individual endpoint(s), LoRaWAN
is a poor choice.
21. 21
6. LoRaWAN Has Significant
Security and Privacy Risks
FACTS:
1. Public key handshaking cannot be
executed safely via LoRaWAN due to
networking limitations.
2. All encryption is handled using static keys,
such as SIM cards.
3. LoRaWAN beacon mode is easily detected
4. Security patches cannot be transmitted
over the air, creating potentially huge
vulnerabilities
5. LoRa and LoRaWAN are a new, but they
have already been fully reverse engineered
and published as open source GNU radio
software.
22. 22
6. LoRaWAN Has Significant
Security and Privacy Risks
FACTS:
1. Public key handshaking cannot be
executed safely via LoRaWAN due to
networking limitations.
2. All encryption is handled using static keys,
such as SIM cards.
3. LoRaWAN beacon mode is easily detected
4. Security patches cannot be transmitted
over the air, creating potentially huge
vulnerabilities
5. LoRa and LoRaWAN are a new, but they
have already been fully reverse engineered
and published as open source GNU radio
software.
WHAT THIS MEANS TO DEVELOPERS:
1. Public key cryptography should not be
implemented using LoRaWAN
2. LoRaWAN recommends SIM cards to provision
secure codes for private key crypto. This is neither
cost effective nor especially secure for IoT use-
cases, where physical security is rare.
3. Discovery and spoofing of LoRaWAN endpoints
by hackers is easy, similar to WiFi or ZigBee.
4. Installing a security patch in most cases will be
impossible
23. 23
7. LoRaWAN Does Not Support
Over-the-Air Firmware Updates
FACTS:
1. LoRaWAN’s uplink-centric architecture, lack
of broadcast data flows, low data rates
(<1kbps), and lack of robust two-way comms
makes firmware updates next to impossible.
24. 24
7. LoRaWAN Does Not Support
Over-the-Air Firmware Updates
FACTS:
1. LoRaWAN’s uplink-centric architecture, lack
of broadcast data flows, low data rates
(<1kbps), and lack of robust two-way comms
makes firmware updates next to impossible.
WHAT THIS MEANS TO DEVELOPERS:
1. Updating firmware, patching bugs, or security
holes requires manually and physically connecting
with each endpoint, a hugely time intensive and
impractical endeavor that in most cases will not be
supported
2. If LoRaWAN were modified to provide OTA FW
capabilities, its lack of key exchange features
leaves to door open to worms and bot-net
malware, as recently evidenced in Phillips Hue
lightbulbs.
3. The lack of OTA security updates should be a deal
killer for most developers.
25. 25
Additional Notes On LoRaWAN Security
1. It is clear that LoRaWAN was not designed with security or privacy as a serious
requirement. This should give pause to any serious IoT developer.
2. The importance of the ability to patch firmware with over-the-air updates cannot be
overstated. If a security vulnerability is detected in your LoRaWAN device, in most
cases there will be no practical way to install a patch.
3. It may be theoretically possible to push a firmware update over the air using
LoRaWAN, but at an excruciatingly slow pace and with security risks comparable to
the Phillips Hue lightbulb debacle. Serious developers will not expect to attempt OTA
firmware updates with LoRaWAN.
4. It is theoretically possible to support public key encryption via LoRaWAN using a SIM,
though the ease of taking physical possession of the endpoint or SIM renders this
security moot for IoT.
26. 26
8. LoRaWAN Does Not Support Multi-hop,
Mesh, or P2P Networking
FACTS:
1. LoRaWAN does not support multi-hop
networking
2. LoRaWAN does not support mesh networking
3. LoRaWAN does not support P2P networking.
4. LoRaWAN’s Gateway MAC is actually
implemented in the cloud.
27. 27
8. LoRaWAN Does Not Support Multi-hop,
Mesh, or P2P Networking
FACTS:
1. LoRaWAN does not support multi-hop
networking
2. LoRaWAN does not support mesh networking
3. LoRaWAN does not support P2P networking.
4. LoRaWAN’s Gateway MAC is actually
implemented in the cloud.
WHAT THIS MEANS TO DEVELOPERS:
1. All LoRaWAN messages are routed through a
gateway.
2. With a cloud-based MAC, adding MAC-based
features or networking improvements requires a
serious architectural overhaul.
3. Extending the range of LoRaWAN via endpoints
that multi-hop or mesh is not supported
4. Associating a LoRaWAN endpoint with another
LoRaWAN endpoint is not supported.
28. 28
9. LoRaWAN Does Not Support Roaming
FACTS:
1. LoRaWAN does not support roaming
between networks.
29. 29
9. LoRaWAN Does Not Support Roaming
FACTS:
1. LoRaWAN does not support roaming
between networks.
WHAT THIS MEANS TO DEVELOPERS:
1. Roaming is currently being addressed through the
use of a third party SIM card
2. Provisioning and programming individual
endpoints with SIM cards is impractical for most
IoT developers.
30. 30
10. LoRaWAN Is Not Portable to
Other Wireless Technologies
FACTS:
1. LoRaWAN is designed to work exclusively
on Semtech’s LoRa radios. NB-IoT, SigFox,
and new radio technologies (e.g. from Texas
Instruments) are not supported.
31. 31
10. LoRaWAN Is Not Portable to
Other Wireless Technologies
FACTS:
1. LoRaWAN is designed to work exclusively
on Semtech’s LoRa radios. NB-IoT, SigFox,
and new radio technologies (e.g. from Texas
Instruments) are not supported.
WHAT THIS MEANS TO DEVELOPERS:
1. You will need to support and maintain multiple
firmware stacks if you choose to support other RF
technologies besides LoRa
2. LoRaWAN leaves you locked-in exclusively to
Semtech for future hardware options
3. Interoperability with non-LoRa LPWAN devices
will only be possible at the gateway
32. 32
LoRaWAN Is Not A Serious IoT Protocol!
LoRaWAN may be sufficient for showing
a simple proof of concept, but it was not
designed with 21st century IoT
requirements in mind.
33. 33
So Why Are Some Developers Still Using
LoRaWAN?
LoRa might be OK for hobbyists and others who accept a network with all of the
following:
1. Simple endpoints that only transmit occasionally and no need for real-time data
2. No ability to update firmware, zero concerns about IoT security
3. Endpoint transmit failure rate of between 5-80%
4. Limited or no ability to control or query the endpoint
5. Small deployments of a few dozen endpoints per gateway
6. Use of multiple gateways to cover each node
7. Exclusive commitment to Semtech LoRa as a LPWAN radio platform
Use cases which don’t fit this profile should not use LoRaWAN!
35. 35
Haystack Solves For All LoRaWAN’s Weaknesses
1. Incomplete networking stack
2. Fundamentally a one-way protocol
3. Significant capacity and interference issues
4. Geo and indoor location is weak or non-existent
5. Not real-time and has huge latency risks
6. Significant security and privacy risks
7. No multi-hop, mesh, or P2P networking
8. No over-the-air firmware updates
9. No roaming
10. Not portable to other wireless IoT technologies
LoRaWAN
36. 36
Haystack Solves For All LoRaWAN’s Weaknesses
1. Incomplete networking stack
2. Fundamentally a one-way protocol
3. Significant capacity and interference issues
4. Geo and indoor location is weak or non-existent
5. Not real-time and has huge latency risks
6. Significant security and privacy risks
7. No multi-hop, mesh, or P2P networking
8. No over-the-air firmware updates
9. No roaming
10. Not portable to other wireless IoT technologies
More information: http://bit.ly/2hC9COL
Complete networking stack (layers 2-6)
Fully bi-directional two-way protocol
Supports thousands of endpoints per gateway
Excellent geo and indoor location
Real-time/very low latency
Good security and privacy
Multi-hop, mesh, and P2P networking support
Over-the-air firmware updates
Roaming
Portable to other wireless IoT technologies
LoRaWAN Haystack/DASH7
37. 37
OSI Layer
7 Application UDP + OIC + NDEF + AllJoyn/OCF
6 Presentation
DASH7 Core
low power
low latency
low cost
5 Session
4 Transport
3 Network
2 Data Link
1 Physical LoRa, NB-IoT, Others
Hold On … There Already Is a
Full Stack for LPWAN’s
‣ Works over LoRa and
other LPWAN PHY’s
‣ Designed specifically
for modern
sub-1GHz wireless
sensor networks
‣ Layers 2-6 are fully
defined, fully QA’d,
now available
‣ Fully bi-directional
‣ Supports multiple
application layer
options including
IPv6
‣ Extensive feature set
and capabilities
‣ The most complete,
end-to-end solution
available for
LPWAN’s
Technical Features
38. 38
LPLAN’s Usually Offer
Two Distinguishing Features
Requirement LPLAN LPWAN
Multi-year Battery Life
✓ ✓
Low Cost (sub-$5) Devices
✓ ✓
Indoor Location Precision
✓ ❌
Mesh Networking
✓ ❌
(ZigBee, Thread, 6lowPAN, et al) (LoRaWAN, SigFox, NB-IoT)
39. 39
Requirement LPLAN LPWAN
Multi-year Battery Life
✓ ✓
Low Cost (sub-$5) Devices
✓ ✓
Indoor Location Precision
✓ ❌
Mesh Networking
✓ ❌
(ZigBee, Thread, 6lowPAN, et al)
LPLAN’s Usually Offer
Two Distinguishing Features
By solving for these two features,
LPWAN’s can substitute for most or
all of today’s LPLAN technologies
(LoRaWAN, SigFox, NB-IoT)
40. 40
Requirement LPLAN LPWAN
Multi-year Battery Life
✓ ✓
Low Cost (sub-$5) Devices
✓ ✓
Indoor Location Precision
✓ ❌
Mesh Networking
✓ ❌
(ZigBee, Thread, 6lowPAN, et al) (LoRaWAN, SigFox, NB-IoT)
LPLAN’s Usually Offer
Two Distinguishing Features
We can bridge the gap between
these two classes, to bring us
closer to unified connectivity
41. OSI Layer
7 Application AllJoyn, Others AllJoyn, Others AllJoyn, Others AllJoyn, Others AllJoyn, Others AllJoyn, Others
6 Presentation
5 Session Partial Definition
4 Transport Partial Definition
3 Network Partial Definition
2 Data Link Partial Definition
1
Physical
“PHY”
LoRa @
169 - 960 MHz
Various @
315 - 930 MHz
Various LTE
Bands
Various @ 27 -
1025 MHz
RPMA @ 2.4 GHz
SigFox @ 900,
868 MHz
Example LPWAN PHY’s
41
NB-IoT
Historic LPWAN/NB-IoT Opportunity
Most entrants come from the semiconductor industry and need a common stack
42. 20102005 2015 2020
Cellular
Passive RF
WLAN/PAN
IoT/LPWAN
Bluetooth 4.x
CDMA2000 (3G)
GSM 3G
LTE 3-4G
BLE
DASH7
CDMA & GSM to
LTE
NB-IoT
ISO 14443
ISO 15693 / ISO 18000-3
NFC
Notable Technology Integrations: 2000-2020
Bluetooth
to BLE
NDEF (data)
to DASH7
ISO RFID
to NFC
LoRaDASH7 to LoRa &
NB-IoT PHYs
NDEF-IoT
NDEF-IoT:
DASH7+NFC
43. NDEF-IoT
20102005 2015 2020
Cellular
Passive RF
WLAN/PAN
WSN/IoT
Bluetooth 1.x
WiFi b WiFi g WiFi n WiFi ac
Bluetooth 2.x Bluetooth 3.x Bluetooth 4.x
CdmaOne (2G) CDMA2000 (3G)
GSM 2G GSM 3G
LTE 3-4G
BLE
ZigBee & 802.15.4 Diaspora
ISO 18000-7 [Mode 1] DASH7
LoRa
LTE, WiFi, BT,
GPS SoC
WiFi, BT SoC
[Projected]
NB-IoT added to
4G SoC
NB-IoT
ISO 14443
ISO 15693 / ISO 18000-3
NFC
[Projected]
DASH7, NFC SoC
Total Integration Picture, With SoC Milestones
Era of Internet Feature Integration Era of IoT Feature Integration
TI CC1350 SoC:
DASH7+BLE
44. NDEF-IoT
2015 2020
Cellular
Passive RF
WLAN/PAN
WSN/IoT
LTE 3-4G
BLE
DASH7
LoRa
[Projected]
NB-IoT added to
4G SoC
NB-IoT
NFC
[Projected]
DASH7, NFC SoC
DASH7 Integration Roadmap: Present-2020
TI CC1350 SoC:
DASH7+BLE
In an IoT market experiencing a glut of both standardized
and proprietary PHY layer options intended for PAN,
LAN, and WAN usage, DASH7 uniquely supplies a
firmware-based networking stack that meets all
requirements of the disparate PHYs yet manages to
provide a universal data and API layer via familiar IPv6
and NoSQL database paradigms.
Integration 1: DASH7 + LoRaWAN over LoRa
Currently available via Semtech SX127x transceiver. Validating with
STM32L LoRaWAN reference platform, as well as TI CC13xx.
Integration 2: DASH7 over BLE & 802.15.4g+
Currently in development via TI CC1350 SoC
Integration 3: DASH7 over NB-IoT <E
NB-IoT Draft spec validated, waiting for prototype semiconductors to
emerge.
Integration 4: DASH7 + NFC Hybrid
Technology and strategy validated, two-chip prototype proven, waiting
for prototype SoC.
45. 45
OSI Layer
7 Application
6 Presentation
5 Session
4 Transport
3 Network
2 Data Link
1 Physical
DASH7 + NB-IoT Device
NDEF + UDP/IP + Custom
DASH7
low power
low latency
ad-hoc LAN networking
LPWAN networking
MSK Downlink, OFDM uplink
DASH7 + LoRa Device
NDEF + UDP/IP + Custom
DASH7
low power
low latency
ad-hoc LAN
LoRaWAN
low power
high latency
cellular WAN
+ Adaptive RS Encoding
LoRa CSS
DASH7 can operate on the LoRa radio
PHY and also in parallel with the
LoRaWAN stack. In this integration,
DASH7 adds important bursty
c o m m u n i c a t i o n f e a t u r e s t o
LoRaWAN, much the way data
features were added to 3G cellular.
The emerging NB-IoT PHY and Data
Link specification is an ideal fit for the
DASH7 stack. DASH7 networking
already supports all the requirements
of the NB-IoT draft spec, and it is
capable of providing LPWAN and
LAN features to NB-IoT.
NDEF-IoT: DASH7+NFC
NDEF + UDP/IP + Custom
DASH7
low power
low latency
ad-hoc LAN
LPWAN
NFC
low power
low latency
proximity
RFID
Hybrid PHY
DASH7 is designed to work in a
hybrid environment with NFC.
Extending an NFC device to support
DASH7 was an early design goal.
NFC’s proximity communication is
complimented by DASH7’s long
range networking capabilities.
DASH7 Total Integration Strategy: Highlights
46. 46
Haystack Endpoints with LoRa
LoRa and LoRaWAN can operate concurrently and on the same chip with DASH7
Semtech LoRa
Transceiver
Compact,
low cost,
low-power
WAN/LAN
nodes
OSI Layer
7 Application AllJoyn + OIC + NDEF + UDP
6 Presentation
DASH7
low power
low latency
ad-hoc star
LoRaWAN
low power
high latency
cellular WAN
5 Session
4 Transport
3 Network
2 Data Link + Adaptive RS Encoding
1 Physical LoRa CSS
The DASH7 stack can run
concurrently with LoRaWAN, on the
same hardware, allowing compliant
LoRaWAN interoperation alongside
higher-throughput, low latency
Haystack DASH7 LAN usage.
47. 47
Haystack Endpoints with LoRa
LoRa and LoRaWAN can operate concurrently and on the same chip with DASH7
Semtech LoRa
Transceiver
Compact,
low cost,
low-power
WAN/LAN
nodes
OSI Layer
7 Application AllJoyn + OIC + NDEF + UDP
6 Presentation
DASH7
low power
low latency
ad-hoc star
LoRaWAN
low power
high latency
cellular WAN
5 Session
4 Transport
3 Network
2 Data Link + Adaptive RS Encoding
1 Physical LoRa CSS
LoRaWAN developers:
You can add DASH7 to
LoRaWAN devices and run
both stacks side-by-side.