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Logical Framework Analysis
The document discusses a case study applying logical framework analysis (LFA) to address environmental and worker safety issues in Bangladesh's textile industry. The textile industry contributes significantly to Bangladesh's economy but also pollutes the environment and exposes workers to health hazards. The LFA involves identifying stakeholders, analyzing problems and objectives, evaluating alternatives, and establishing indicators to monitor goals. Key stakeholders include workers, factory owners, environmental groups, and government ministries. Introducing effluent treatment plants and protective equipment for workers are alternatives considered to reduce pollution and risks to workers while maintaining economic contributions.
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Logical Framework Analysis
- 1. LOGICAL FRAMEWORK ANALYSIS Mohammad KawsarAhammed Habib Khan Zarin Tasneem Shahriaz Ahmmed
- 2. WHAT IS ANLFA? Logical framework analysis is an analytical tool which is used in all stages in the project cycle, planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. An outcome of using the LFA is the production of a 4X4 matrix (commonly known as the ‘‘log frame’’) which is a tool for analyzing and presenting project strategies.
- 3. THE LOGICAL FRAMEWORKMATRIX
- 4. THE CASE: The textileand ready-made garments (RMG) industry is a major driver of the Bangladesh economy, accounting for nearly 80% of export earnings and contributing more than 12% of national GDP. ‘Made in-Bangladesh’ is an internationally recognized badge of quality and has bolstered the country’s image worldwide. Annual turnover of nearly 23 billion USD is predicted to more than double to 50 billion USD by 2021. About 95% of the factories are Bangladeshi owned and about 80% of the 4.4 million employees are women. Textiles contributes around 40% of this sector’s value and comprises about 1,700 washing dyeing and finishing (WDF) factories manufacturing fabrics for export or as sub-contractors. However, the textile industry plays a contradictory role in the socio-economic and environmental development of Bangladesh. On the plus side, textile firms are major employers that contribute to wealth and prosperity. On the debit side, they are destroying the surrounding environment on which marginal farmers and others depend for their livelihoods. The worker of these garments are also affected by the results.
- 5. THE CASE Recently, environmentalistorganizations ( BAPA, BELA) have also joined the bandwagon, highlighting the environmental consequences of garments industries and its impact on livelihoods and aquatic flora and fauna in the electronic and print asking the government to take care of the issue of both the workers and the environment . The government is holding a workshop with all the stakeholders to resolve the quandary.
- 6. CASE STUDY OFLFA The very first step of the LFA is to conduct a workshop/roundtable discussion to find the parties involved and identify the cause of the problem. A ‘context’ analysis of the project environment, (in this case garments located near the rivers) and observation of factors important to achieve given objective (greater cooperation between stakeholders), followed by a SWOT analysis.
- 7. SWOT ANALYSIS • NegativeExternality: Harmful impact on the environment and peoples livelihood • Inability to ensure labor safety Introduce effluent treatment plan technology which will decrease environmental pollution Indigenous migration problem • Employment Creation and Contribution to GDP • Positive Externality: Facilitates other subsidiary industries
- 8. STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS Stakeholder analysisin project management is the process of identifying the impact of a decision on relevant parties. This information is used to assess how the interests of those stakeholders should be addressed in a project plan, policy, program, or other action.
- 9. STAKEHOLDERS Primary • Labor • Proprietorsof garments industry • Residents and external workers of that area Secondary • Ministry of Environment/Department of Environment • Ministry of Labor and Employment External • International Labor Organization (ILO) • Environmentalist organization (BELA/BAPA)
- 10. PRIMARY STAKEHOLDERS Primary StakeholderProblems Interest Potential Linkages Labor • Health hazard • No financial protection in any adverse occurrence • Loss of job • Ensured maximum safety at work • Provision for compensation/ insurance • Trade/ labor union • Increased productivity if non pecuniary benefits are provided They might leave the job and move to a better job Proprietors of garments industry • Loss of labor • Rising labor cost • Reduced profit margin • Environment friendly process leads to reduction of ill will. Cartel or alliance has direct access to government Labor intensive industry leads to high dependency workers
- 11. SECONDARY STAKEHOLDER Secondary Stakeholder Problem InterestPotential Linkages Ministry of Labor and Employment Negligence towards workers exploitation. Ensuring worker’s welfare to maintain good public image Ability to directly influence the problem They can take necessary legal steps for violating any regulations Ministry of Environment Negligence towards workers exploitation. Mitigating and controlling pollution Ability to impose restrictions on garments owners Requires cooperation from ministry of labor as well as external stakeholders. (environmentalist)
- 12. EXTERNAL STAKEHOLDERS External Stakeholders Problem InterestPotential Linkages ILO Global organization raising voice for worker’s protection Raise public awareness Internationally they can pressurize the government Environmentalist organizations (BELA/BAPA) They have been criticized in society for their inactivity Promote environmental sustainability Raise public awareness through seminars, workshops They can take help from the media for their advocacy
- 13. PROBLEM ANALYSIS Todecide whether the high number of health hazards of both the internal and external workers or environmental impacts should be considered as the focal problem The following problem tree of substantive and direct causes and effect can be established
- 14. PROBLEM TREE ILOpressure No job security Little Income Violation of worker's rights No proper guidelines for labor employment Lack of proper labor awareness Power of garments owner Little Educational qualification Unskilled labor supply Effect Cause Weakness of legal framework
- 15. PROBLEM TREE (CONTD.) BAPAmovement Reduced income Serious health hazards of Workers Fishermen’s livelihood affected Adverse environmental impact Pollutants discharged Effluents residuals Toxic fume produced by the Garments Effect Cause No Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) Reduced productivity
- 16. OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS Through theobjective analysis the desirable future situation, which the project hopes to contribute is described. Long-term social and or economic benefits, to which the project will contribute are defined
- 17. OBJECTIVE TREE: Increased contributionto GDP Government praised for role Satisfied ILOSatisfied workers Worker’s rights are protected Provision of medical facilities Formal Job contract Better pay and working conditions Better health of workers Attracts more workers Effect Cause Increased productivity
- 18. OBJECTIVE TREE (CONTD.) Riskto aquatic life reduced ETP to treat pollution Environment friendly technology Strict rules & Regulations Effect Cause Mitigate the harmful impact on environment Environmental pollution decreased Reduced water pollution
- 19. ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS Objectiveswhich can not be achieved should be eliminated. The workshop should decide whether the demands of environmentalist are pragmatic Bearing in mind the result of the participation analysis, alternative options are identified from the objective tree. In this case there are three obvious alternatives. Option 1: Introduce environment friendly methods Option 2: PPE for workers Option 3: Option1+Option 2
- 20. ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS Selection criteriaOption 1: Environment Sensitive measures (ETP) Option 2 : PPE for workers Option3=1+2 combined Cost High High High Chance of success High High High Cost/Benefit High High High Time horizon Long Short Long Social risk Small Small Small
- 21. OBJECTIVELY VERIFIABLE INDICATORS (OVI) Goal Measures (direct or indirect) to verify to what extent the goal is fulfilled. Purpose Measures (direct or indirect) to verify to what extent the purpose is fulfilled. Outputs Measures (direct or indirect) to verify to what extent the outputs are produced. Activities (Inputs) Goods, people and services necessary to undertake the activities
- 22. SOURCES OF VERIFICATION(SOV) Goal The sources of data necessary to verify status of goal level indicators. Purpose The sources of data necessary to verify status of purpose level indicators. Outputs The sources of data necessary to verify status of output level indicators. Activities The sources of data necessary to verify status of activity level indicators.
- 23. ASSUMPTION ANALYSIS Sets ofassumptions (concerning conditions required for the desired project story to happen, and about factors external to the project) are specified in the final column of the LF matrix. The levels of objectives and the linking assumptions should be coherently connected, in a vertical logic. At each level the objectives and indicators should be coherently connected too, as the horizontal logic.
- 24. Development Indicators • Betterand healthy working conditions • Less pollution OVI (objectively verified indicators) • Grievances among workers addressed • Productivity of workers will be increased SOV (Sources of verification) • KII (Key Informants Interview) • EIA • Number of people being sick among workers • Water Quality Monitoring Assumption/External factor/Risk • Regular Monitoring required by experienced expert from BCSIR • Transparency while preparing reports Purpose • Reduced health risks • Restored livelihood OVI Environment pollution reduced 50% SOV • Monthly medical check up at local health center • Health surveys Assumption/External factor/Risk • Workers may be manipulated/ threatened by owner group • Availability of good doctors • Difficult to quantify the economic cost of pollution Output • Health insurance for workers • PPE • ETP OVI • Increased costs for garments owners • ETP will significantly reduce pollution by 40-45% SOV • Selected Bank or financial institution providing security • Regulatory body observing whether ETP are properly functioning Assumption/External factor/Risk • Owners may be reluctant to purchase PPE or provide inferior quality gloves, goggles, masks • Government will have to subsidize import of ETP machinery which are expensive Activity • Government enforcement • Tax imposition Input • Safety precautions will have to be circulated cost • . Safety pamphlets Assumption/External factor/Risk • Corruption within NBR • If taxes are too low and does not affect production cost significantly pollution may continue
- 25.