This document provides guidance on analytical tools and frameworks that can be used for policy, program, and development planning and analysis. It discusses situational analysis, problem analysis, stakeholder inputs, and base maps that can provide information for project formulation. It also introduces several analytical tools: PESTLE analysis for examining political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors; problem trees for analyzing problems and their causes and effects; and objective trees for formulating objectives based on problem trees. Finally, it discusses logical framework analysis including indicators, means of verification, assumptions and risks for project design. The overall summary is that this document outlines various analytical approaches that can be applied at different stages of policy, program and development planning.

1. ANALYTICAL TOOLS FOR
POLICY/PROGRAMS/DEVELOPMENTS

2. ANALYSIS OF THE
SITUATION
PROJECT FORMULATION
(Integrated Project Plan)
MAPPING OF THE PROJECT
REGIONAL PLAN (Textual
and Spatial)
ONE
CONTROL
MAP
BASE MAP INFO AVAILABLE
AT ALL LEVELS
OF DENR
STAKEHOLDER
INPUTS
FRAMEWORK
PLANS
PENRO PLAN
(Textual and Spatial)

3. SITUATIONAL AND PROBLEM ANALYSIS
Situational Analysis
The process of systematically
collecting and analyzing the past
and present conditions affecting a
sector or an organization (as
evidenced by data) in its external
environment in order to identify:
o Forces that may influence its
performance and thus, its success;
o Trends; and
o Gaps between its future and
current resource requirements.

4. SITUATIONAL AND PROBLEM ANALYSIS
Problem Analysis
The process of systematically
studying and analyzing an
overriding problem and establishing
its cause and effect relationships to
other problematic issues for the
purpose of understanding how it
can potentially be resolved.
´ A key element is the identification of
“root causes,” and not simply the
symptoms

5. Available Information

11. Documentation
 Focus group discussions with the
concerned Barangay Staff
 Brgy. San Buenaventura, Brgy.
Balayhangi, Brgy. San Mateo and Brgy.
Prinza.

12. Documentation
 Actual survey and
documentation of significant
areas and activities related with
the development and
management plans in Mohicap
Lake

13. Base Maps
Land Use Map

14. Base Maps

15. Situational Analysis

16. PESTLE
PESTLE
A tool for Analysis

18. What are the key political factors?
Changes in government priorities
Political issues include, among others,
1. Government Stability,
2. Government Leadership,
3. Trade Restrictions Or Reforms;
4. Societal Reforms;
5. Corruption Levels;
6. Bureaucracy issues

19. What are the important economic factors?
Potential changes to the economy
Economic issues include
1. Economic growth,
2. Unemployment policies,
3. Business cycle of a country,
4. Interest and inflation rates

20. What social and cultural aspects are
most important?
Changes in society and its people
Social issues include
1. Population growth,
2. Demographics,
3. Environmental, health and educational
consciousness ,and;
4. others such as age, sex, lifestyle changes, etc.

21. What technological innovations are
likely to occur?
Changes in technology and its uses
Technological issues include
1. Technological advancements,
2. lifecycle of technology available,
3. Role of internet, public and private expenditure on
technology, etc.

22. What current and impending legislations
may affect the sector/industry?
New or updated legislations
Legal issues include
1. Customs and trade regulations;
2. Tax regulations;
3. Consumer regulations;
4. Licensing regulations,
5. others

23. What are the environmental
considerations?
Environmental issues include
1. Natural disasters and climate change,
2. Environmental rules and regulations

24. Using PESTLE

25. Problem Tree
• as a tool for analysis

26. PARTS OF PROBLEM TREE

27. Cause and Effect Relationship:
A Hypothesis
Pregnant mothers get at least 4
pre-natal care check-ups…
People have high awareness on
disaster risks mitigation….
Forest cover will be restored to
baseline level …
…their babies are born
Healthier
…there will be less mortalities
during disasters
…occurrence of destructive
typhoons will be reduced

28. Construction of a Problem Tree
• List down or generate problems (based on
secondary and primary data) – use metacards or
pieces of post-it or small pieces of paper
• Arrange the problems into a “tree”
- The Core or Focal Problem
- The Causes
- The Effects

29. Listing Down of Related Problems
• Problem 1
• Problem 2
• Problem 3
• Problem 4
• Problem 5
• Problem 6
• Problem 7
• Problem n
One problem
statement per
metacard or
post-it

30. Example
The ABC River Water Problem
The quality of the water in the ABC river in the Province of XYZ has
been deteriorating in the last decade. The ABC river has been
well known as a tourist destination because of its good water
quality and the high volume of fishes in the area. It is popular with
tourists who like to fish and/or swim. XYZ Province is a poor
province and relies significantly from its income from the river.
Recently, the Environment Bureau revealed that river water
quality is deteriorating for many reasons. One reason is there has
been increasing volume in the garbage dumped in the river by
residents. Another reason is that factories situated along the river
have continuously discharged their waste water directly into the
river despite an ordinance penalizing this practice.

31. Example
….
The current water treatment plant of the LGU is not functional. On
the other hand, the Fisheries Bureau showed that the quality and
volume of fishes in the river has also been declining. There were
instances when fishes consumed by the residents have caused
them to get sick.
Many of the residents living along the river who depend on the
river for their livelihood have reported reduced incomes because
there were fewer fishes to catch. Others stated that there are now
fewer tourists who come and therefore, their livelihood has also
declined.

32. Step 1. Identify the core development problem
Step 2. Brainstorm on all the direct causes of the core development
problem
Step 3. In turn, identify the causes of each of the problems directly
contributing to the core problem
Step 4. Continue to brainstorm on the causes of each of the problems
identified until the possible root causes have been unmasked
Step 5. Identify the immediate effect or effects of the core
development problem
Step 6. In turn, identify the longer term effects if the core problem
persists
Step 7. Review the problem tree for cause and effect alignment
Formulating a Problem Tree

33. The Problem Tree

34. Identifying the core development problem
• Conduct a comprehensive stakeholder analysis
• Conduct a comprehensive situational analysis
• Through trial and error
• A combination of any of the above

35. IDENTIFY THE CORE DEVELOPMENT PROBLEM
Quality of water of ABC river is
deteriorating
EFFECT
CAUSE

36. BRAINSTORM ON ALL THE DIRECT CAUSES OF
THE CORE DEVELOPMENT PROBLEM
River water quality of ABC
River deteriorating
WHY ?
Because.. Wastewater
treatment plant
is below
standard
Uncontrolled
dumping of trash
into river by
residents
Many Households
& factories
discharge waste
water directly into
river
Causes

37. IDENTIFY THE CAUSES OF EACH OF THE PROBLEMS
DIRECTLY CONTRIBUTING TO THE CORE PROBLEM

38. IDENTIFY THE EFFECTS OF THE CORE
DEVELOPMENTPROBLEM

39. REVIEW THE PROBLEM TREE

40. Reminders
• State the problems clearly: descriptive
• Use metacards or pieces of post-its
• A problem statement is no longer than 8 words

41. OBJECTIVE TREE

42. OBJECTIVE TREE
• Provides a general and clear view of a desired future
situation by illustrating the hierarchy of objectives
leading to the attainment of the desired outcome.
• Constructed by converting the negative situations identified
in the problem tree into solutions expressed as “positive
achievements”.
• Positive achievements become the project objectives

43. PARTS OBJECTIVE TREE

44. Formulating Objective Tree
Step 1. Reformulate core development problem into a core
objective
Step 2. Reformulate the other problems into objectives
Step 3. Likewise, reformulate the effects into objectives
Step 4. Review the objective tree for means to end alignment

49. The Objective Tree

50. REFORMULATE THE PROBLEMS INTO OBJECTIVES

51. THE PROBLEM TREE..
NOW BECOMES AN OBJECTIVE TREE

52. SOLUTION TREE

63. Criteria
List of Approaches
SH
Participa-
tion
Policy Dev. Sustainabl
e Funding
DMP Fishery
Mgt
Research
Dev
Sustain-
able
tourism
dev.
Water
Quality
Mgt
Priority 5 5 5 5 3 4 2 1
Cost 5 3 4 5 3 2 4 3
Technical
Feasibility
5 5 2 5 2 1 3 3
Effective-
ness
5 5 3 5 3 2 5 4
Relevance 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Total 25 23 13 25 16 14 19 16
ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS

64. REFERENCE FOR THE RANKING OF CRITERIA
Criteria Description
Priority the urgency to implement the project.
Cost the cost requirement needed to implement a project
Technical
Feasibility
the project can be performed and any barrier can be
addressed and mitigated.
Effectiveness the project has an intended or expected outcome.
Relevance appropriateness of the identified project

65. Logical
Framework/Design
(Program/Project design using Program/Project Logframe)

66. LOGFRAME

67. LOGFRAME

70. Performance Indicator

71. Writing Good Indicator Statement

77. Logical Framework Analysis

78. Horizontal and vertical logic

79. Horizontal and vertical logic

80. Objectively Verifiable Indicators
• Quantifiable indicators which could be later on used to check
the achievement of the objective (at goal, outcome or output
level)
• Expressed in numbers, ratios or percentages
• Required a baseline information or data
• Baseline and target
• Temporal dimension or time element

81. Means of Verification
• The source/s of data or process/es of collecting data to provide
information on the OVI

82. Assumptions and Risks
• Assumptions are factors outside the project that should be
considered favorable so that the objective (goal, outcome or
output) could be achieved
• Risks are factors outside the project that unfavorable; thus,
they could delay or hinder the achievement of objectives

83. The 4 x 4 Logframe

84. The 4 x 4 Logframe

91. Output
• At least 1 full blown project document using PF-01 (Project
Document Report)
• To be presented during critiquing

92. Provincial Medium-term ENR Development
Planning
• Situational analysis (using GIS)
- Major problems---all sectors
• Visioning
• Identification of goals
• Objectives/Targets

93. Situational Analysis
• PESTLE (Political, Economic, Social and Cultural,
Technological, Legal and Environment )
• SWOT Analysis
• Identification of Major Issues/Problems (by
Sector Forestry, Biodiversity, Land, Coastal and
Marine)

94. Outline of Stakeholders Consultation Presentation
• Profile of the Province
• Situational Analysis by sector (using spatial data/maps)
• Identification of Issues/Problems
• Identification of interventions/Project (wish list)
• Map of the proposed interventions

97. Criteria
List of Approaches
SH
Participa-
tion
Policy Dev. Sustainabl
e Funding
DMP Fishery
Mgt
Research
Dev
Sustain-
able
tourism
dev.
Water
Quality
Mgt
Priority 5 5 5 5 3 4 2 1
Cost 5 3 4 5 3 2 4 3
Technical
Feasibility
5 5 2 5 2 1 3 3
Effective-
ness
5 5 3 5 3 2 5 4
Relevance 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Total 25 23 13 25 16 14 19 16
ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS

98. Criteria Description
Priority the urgency to implement the project.
Cost the cost requirement needed to implement a project
Technical
Feasibility
the project can be performed and any barrier can be
addressed and mitigated.
Effectiveness the project has an intended or expected outcome.
Relevance appropriateness of the identified project
REFERENCE FOR THE RANKING OF CRITERIA

99. Narrative Summary Objectively
Verifiable Indicators (OVI)
Means of Verification (MOV) Assumptions
GOAL: Increase lake
productivity
The lake productivity on
commercially valuable species of
fish is increased by ______ in
year _____.
Fish stock assessment report Fish stock assessment have been
conducted as baseline data
Purpose: To maintain the
current condition of the lake to
its intended beneficial use for
fishery production.
The lake water quality is
maintained to its Class C
category based on the DENR WQ
Standard.
Water quality monitoring report There is no modification on the
existing WQ Standard of DENR.
Outputs:
1. Discharge of phosphates in
the lake is reduced
2. Household waste are
controlled
1. By _____, _____% of
households replaced their
detergents to a free-phosphate
detergent
2. By _____, ______ % of the
household practiced proper
waste disposal and segregation.
1. Project survey report
2. Project survey report
The local community supported
the program.
Activities:
1-1. Advocate IEC campaign on
the use of eco-friendly
detergent
2-1 Conduct waste management
training for the community
Inputs
Resource Persons
IEC materials
Venue of training
Funds
Etc…
The community switched from
using chemically formulated
detergent to naturally made.
The community actively
participate in the training /
programs.
Pre-Conditions
The Agreement for the
implementation of the program
was signed by the concerned
parties.

100. Suggestion for outline
1.General Profile (Provincial) and Situational Analysis –using PESTLE
2. Sectoral Profile (Lands, Forestry, Biodiversity, Coastal) and
Situational analysis
3.

101. WAYFORWARD
1. Provincial stakeholders consultation
2. Expected Participants/Stakeholders
i. Batangas – PGENRO, Sangguniang Panlalawigan Committee on ENR, PPDCs, Provincial DILG, DA, DAR,
DSWD, BFAR, Women’s Group, Academe, CSOs, PASu, EMB/PEMU & MGB Regional Office
ii. Cavite - PGENRO, Sangguniang Panlalawigan Committee on ENR, PPDCs, Provincial DILG, DA, DAR,
DSWD, BFAR, Women’s Group, Academe, CSOs, PASu, EMB/PEMU & MGB Regional Office, PEZA
iii. Laguna - PGENRO, Sangguniang Panlalawigan Committee on ENR, PPDCs, Provincial DILG, DA, DAR,
DSWD, UPLB, NPC-Caliraya and Makban Geothermal Plant, Women’s Group, Academe, CSOs, PASu,
EMB/PEMU & MGB Regional Office, LLDA, DOH
iv. Quezon - PGENRO, Sangguniang Panlalawigan Committee on ENR, PPDCs, Provincial DILG, DA, DAR,
DSWD, BFAR, UP Land Grant, Women’s Group, Academe, CSOs, PASu, EMB/PEMU & MGB Regional
Office
v. Rizal - PGENRO, Sangguniang Panlalawigan Committee on ENR, PPDCs, Provincial DILG, DA, DAR, DSWD,
Women’s Group, CSOs, PASu, EMB/PEMU & MGB Regional Office, LLDA
PENRO Schedule
QUEZON May 15 - 17, 2019
LAGUNA May 20 – 21, 2019
CAVITE May 22 – 23, 2019
BATANGAS May 9 – 10, 2019
RIZAL May 22 – 23, 2019

102. WAYFORWARD
3. Presentation of Draft Provincial Medium Term Plan to RO
May 27, 2019
4. Submission of revised plan to RO
May 28, 2019
5. Packaging/consolidation of PENRO plan and Submission to DENR Central
Office - May 30, 2019

103. BUDGETARY REQUIREMENT FOR THE FORMULATION OF PROVINCIAL
ENR MEDIUM TERM PLAN
PROVINCIAL
TOTAL
FUND
SUPPORT
ACTUAL
REQUIREMENT
FUND
FROM FIELD
Region
Batangas 80 190 110
Cavite 65 130 65
Laguna 70 170 100
Quezon 120 360 240
Rizal 65 130 65