Logarithmic spirals are spirals found in nature that are self-similar, meaning parts of the spiral resemble the whole. They differ from Archimedean spirals in that the distance between curves increases geometrically rather than remaining constant. Jacob Bernoulli called them "miraculous spirals" because they increase in size while retaining their original shape. Logarithmic spirals can be expressed using the formula r=a.ebθ and are seen throughout nature in structures like shells, hurricanes, galaxies, and more, demonstrating mathematics' link to the physical world.