The document provides an overview of the present perfect tense in English. It explains that the present perfect is formed using "has" or "have" plus the past participle of the main verb. It gives examples of affirmative statements and discusses how the present perfect is used to refer to actions that began in the past but continue in the present or actions that occurred at an unspecified time in the past.

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2. The present perfect is formed by combining the auxiliary verb "has" or "have" with the past participle . Statement : Subject + Have/Has + Past Participle . Affirmative : I, You, They, We, You + Have + past participle . He, She, It + Has + past participle .

3. I have cleaned my room . They have played tennis . I have eaten two sandwiches . He has eaten chocolate . She has drawn a picture . We have gone home. I have worked hard this year .

4. * Something or action which happened at an unstated indefinite time in the past ( the time is not important). Examples : My parents have bought a new house . She has broken her arm . Actions which started in the past and are still * continuing in the present . Examples : I have known Sarah for four years . They have been friends for twenty years . ( They met each other twenty years ago and they are still friends ) .

5. We use the words “for” and “since” with the present perfect to talk about something that began in the past and continues in to now (the present) . For example: I have studied at this school since last year. She has lived in Florida for 6 months . They have been married since 1985 . .

6. Ahmed has been a teacher ( for , since ) ten years . Fatimah has not swum (for, since ) last summer . I have not seen Sarah ( for , since ) tow days . My brother has been here (for, since ) 10:30 . Sarah has not played tennis ( for , since ) three weeks .

7. I have seen (see) that film before . We have read ( read) three English books . My mother has been (be) to London twice . Ahmed have borrowed ( borrow) four CDs for me . The children have eaten (eat) breakfast . You have drunk (drink) all the coffee . Be quite! The film has started (start) . My parents have had (have) this house since 1950 .

8. a. He / lose / his passport. He has lost his passport. b. We / not / finish / our work. We have not finished our work. c. They / buy / a new house. They have bought a new house. d. I / visit / New York / five times . I have visited New York for five times . e. They / go / to the cinema. They have gone to the cinema .

10. My sister has cleaned the house . My sister has not cleaned the house . We have moved since 1980 . We have not moved since 1980 . He has spent all his money. He has not spent all his money . We have done our homework yet. We have not done our homework yet . Sarah and her friend has been shopping . Sarah and her friends has not been shopping . Ahmed has learned English. Ahmed has not learned English.

11. 1. Jane /office / from / return. Jane has returned from office . 2. She / a novel /write. She has written a novel . 3. He / ten films / in /act. He has acted in ten films . 4. I / not / letter/ your /receive . I have not received your letter.

12. 5. She / money / her /lose . She has lost her money . 6. I / hard /study / for years . I have studied hard for years . 7. I / phone calls / six / since/ answer / lunchtime . I have answered six phone calls since lunchtime . 8. Police /80 suspected /arrest / in raids/ drug traffickers . Police have arrested 80 suspected drug traffickers in Raids . 9. A 24-year old / kill /woman / in an accident . A 24-year old woman has been killed in an accident .

13. Someone _______ my CD player. have stole have stolen has stole has stolen _______ a grizzly bear? Have you ever seen Have you ever see Has you ever seen Has you ever see

14. I _____ sky diving. has never try never tried have never try have never tried He _______ hard this week at his job. has work have work has worked have worked

15. Bill ______ a new house. have just bought have just buy has just bought has just but That house _______ painted green for ten years. have be have been has be has been

16. The bus _____ down. have broke have broken has broke has broken Susan ________ two pieces of cake. have ate have eaten has ate has eaten I ____ three kilometers to get to work. have rode have ridden has rode has ridden

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