This document summarizes a workshop on developing a shared vision for livestock production in the Nile River Basin. The workshop brought together participants from Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, and several international organizations to discuss improving livestock water productivity. The goal is to produce more food in the Nile Basin without using more water by adopting better livestock management practices. Examples discussed include using crop residues to feed animals, improving grazing lands and animal water access, and increasing animal productivity through veterinary services. The workshop objectives were to align the multi-country research team, understand project goals and roles, identify key research questions, and start collaboration with partners.

1. Photo by A. Arden Sudan Ethiopia Uganda (with ASARECA, CARE, Egypt, FAO, ILRI, and IWMI) Nile Basin Water Productivity:Developing a shared vision for livestock productiona workshop of theCGIAR Challenge Program on Water & Food5-8 September, 2005 - Kampala, UgandaPresented by Don Peden

2. Outline Description of the CPWF water-livestock project in the Nile Basin Workshop objectives

3. PO Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya PO Box 5689, Addis Ababa. Ethiopia PO Box 30709, Nairobi, Kenya PO Box 5689, Addis Ababa. Ethiopia PO Box 5689 Addis Ababa Ethiopia Improving Livestock Water Productivity in the Nile Basin(Project description) An activity project of theCGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food Implemented byInternational Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) With management support from International Water Management Institute (IWMI) See project brochure for details

4. What is the Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF)? Partnership:National and international research institutes, NGO and river basin communities. Problem: Human population and demand for food increasing 70% of managed fresh water already used in agriculture Meeting demand for food will require more water unless water is used more efficiently or productively. Global Challenge:to identify ways and means to produce more food without using more water. River Basins:Yellow, Indo-Gangetic, São Francisco, Limpopo, Volta, Karkheh, Mekong, several in the Andes, and the Nile. More information: www.waterforfood.org

5. Why livestock & water in the Nile? The Nile: 3.3 million km2 - 10 riparian countries. 180 million people. 200+ million cattle, sheep, goats, camels & equines. Water for animal feed and human food about equal. > 50 billion m3 of water each Poorly managed animals contribute to degradation and contamination of water resources. Livestock contribute 10 to 40% of agricultural GDP. Livestock need and affect water resources but are mostly ignored in water resources development. Integrated livestock & water management can enable equitable, productive and sustainable use of Nile water.

6. EGYPT SUDAN ETHIOPIA LAKE VICTORIA Livestock in the Nile River Basin High animal densities are found in diverse production systems Sudan, Ethiopia, Egypt and around Lake Victoria

7. Livestock in the Nile River Basin One TLU = 250 kg of live animal weight (equivalent to total weight of about 4 people)

8. What is livestock-water productivity? LWP = ratio of total value of livestock products and services to water depleted in in producing them. Animal products and services include meat, milk, hides, eggs, manure, blood & farm power. Water depletion is water that has been used and cannot be re-used again by the same or another user (evaporation, transpiration and discharge). Based on water accounting principles.

9. > Apply water accounting approach > Promote transpiration > Limit non-beneficial evaporation and discharge Balanced application of three strategies needed Food crops Trees Transpiration Pasture In - flow Drinking Run-off & Discharge Evaporation LWP: OUTUTS Meat Milk Hides Power Manure Wealth Culture Improved feed sourcing strategies Animal productivity enhancing strategies Rain Depletion Improved watering & grazing strategies Non- Beneficial outputs Surface In-flow Infiltration & ground water recharge

10. What management practices can improve livestock-water productivity?Examples of feed sourcing and marketing strategies Make maximum sustainable use of rainfed crop residues. Promote markets for crop residues and by products from irrigation systems

11. What management practices can improve livestock-water productivity?Examples of improved watering Separate animals from domestic water sources. Improved animal watering practices with proper drinking troughs to protect wells.

12. What management practices can improve livestock-water productivity?Example of improved grazing Shift from un-controlled grazing to zero grazing.

13. What management practices can improve livestock-water productivity?Examples of enhancing animal productivity Provide veterinary care to control water-borne zoonotic diseases Utilize indigenous breeds adapted to water stress Uganda - Ankole Sudan - Kenana

14. What is the role of Uganda? Makerere University and NARO Enhance understanding of livestock needs for and impact on water in: Uganda’s livestock corridor Mixed crop-livestock systems near L. Victoria Urban and peri-urban area. Contribute to a synthesis designed to identify win-win options for Nile countries.

15. CPWF goal: more food security & less poverty through improved Project objectives: Increase livestock water productivity through better policy, technology and NRM practices. Household and community based innovations that improve farmers’ and herders’ livelihoods. Capacity Build for integrated water & livestock development. For the benefit of the peoples and countries of the Nile Basin.

16. How will managing livestock-water productivity help people and the environment? Applying new knowledge about livestock water productivity through integrated livestock and water management will help ensure more productive, effective, equitable, and sustainable use of water resources in the Nile River basin.

17. Who are our partners? ASARECA – Animal Agric. Research Network CARE Ethiopia Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization Ethiopian Rain Water Harvesting Association International Livestock Research Institute International Water Management Institute Makerere University, Uganda Ministry of Science and Technology, Sudan National Agricultural Research Organization, Uganda Nile Basin Society UN Food and Agricultural Organization

18. Who are the investors? Denmark European Union France Germany IFAD International Foundation for Science Netherlands Norway Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom USA World Bank

19. Workshop Objectives To consolidate our multi-national research team To achieve a common understanding of the project goals and what our roles will be To confirm the most important research questions to be tackled To enable the country and basin research teams to implement their respective project components to share data and results. To start work with collaborators and stakeholders

20. Thank you! For more information, refer to the brochure included in your workshop folder.