A lithotripter uses electromagnetic shock waves to break up kidney stones in a non-surgical procedure called lithotripsy. There are two main types of lithotripsy - extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) which uses sound waves, and flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy (FURSL) which uses a ureteroscope and laser beams. Risks include pain from stone fragments, urinary tract infections, and bleeding. Proper maintenance and calibration of the lithotripter equipment is important for safety and effectiveness.

1. Lithotripter
A lithotripter is a medical device that breaks
up kidney stones by passing electromagnetic
shock waves.
It provides a non-surgical means of pulverizing
stones into pieces small enough to be passed
naturally in the patient’s urine.

2. Lithotripsy
Lithotripsy is a medical procedure used to
break the stones into smaller particles from
kidney and other organs like gall bladder,
pancreases, parts of ureter, etc.
In Greek word, litho means stone and trip
means break.

4. Types of lithotripsy
• Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
• Laser lithotripsy also known as flexible
ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy (FURSL)

5. Extracorporeal sound wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
It is a non-invasive procedure which uses high
frequency sound waves to break down the
stones into small fragments so they can pass
through urinary tract.

7. When not to use ESWL
• When you are pregnant.
• Have a bleeding disorder.
• Have a kidney infection, UTIs, or kidney
cancer.
• Have kidneys with abnormal structure or
function.

8. Risks of using ESWL
• Pain caused by the passage of stone
fragments.
• Blocked urine flow as a result of stone
fragments becoming stuck in the urinary tract.
• Urinary tract infection.
• Bleeding around the outside of the kidney.

9. Flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy
(FURSL) :
It is a minimally invasive medical procedure
that uses laser beams (light pulses) to break
down stones confined within the urinary tract
or ureter.
The procedure uses a ureteroscope that can
be passed into the tubes of the urinary tract.

10. An ureteroscope is a flexible fibre-optic scope
with a camera and light that is inserted into
the urinary tract to help the surgeon see the
location of the stones inside the body.

12. Risks of using FURSL
• The pain medications prescribed are not able
to control the pain
• There is a large amount of blood in the urine
• Fever
• Nausea and/or vomiting

13. Brand Cost Model
Potent $10,000-$33,000 90 W Laser
litihotripsy
Tonglu BA $400-$1000 330mm
ureteroscope
Guangzhou Maya MYDO- D058D ESWL

14. Management of the lithotripter
• Evaluating if the usage of the machine is beyond
the maintenance schedule or not.
• Maintaining the detailed history of maintenance.
• Regular electrical safety testing and calibration
where required.
• Scheduled parts replacement (where applicable)
for the lithotripter by serial number and/or
healthcare facility unique identification number.

15. Technical specifications
Energy Source(Working Principle) Electrohydraulics
Patient Touch Membrane (Dry Touch)
Localization Fluoroscopy and/or Ultrasound
Focal Penetration 130 mm
Unit control Hand Control Unit
Focusing Method Ellipsoid reflector
Electrode Type Long Life ( a couple 40 sessions = 80.000
shocks)
Operating Voltage Variable 0 – 21 KV
Device Sturcture Compact
Main Unit Dimensions 90 cm x 190 cm X 191 cm
Water System Closed loop circuit with water cushion
Pressure regulation and 12 lt. Water
capacity
Main Body Weight 285 kg

16. Patient Table
Movement
Height/Horizontal/Vertical
300mm/150mm/150mm
Table Type Motorized
Lifting Capacity 200 kg.
Table Adjustment Limiting Electronically adjustment in 3 -
dimensions

17. Lithoscope
Fluoroscopy Voltage 40 –110 KV (Automatic Brightness
Control)
Fluoroscopy Current 0.2 – 3.5 mA (ABC) two main
selection
Image Intensifier 6” (7” –9” – 12” optional)
X-Ray Tube 0.6 – 1.5 mm (1.8 mm optional)
focal spot Stationary anode, 40.000
HU
TV Camera High resolution CCD camera
Monitor (17” 19” –21” optional)