Mood refers to the general feeling or atmosphere that is conveyed to the reader. It is created through various literary elements like setting, imagery, diction, and tone. The mood produces an emotional response in the audience and influences their understanding of the work. It is an intangible presence that is crucial to meaning. The author must carefully craft mood through their stylistic choices or the work will become confusing. Mood is closely tied to theme, with each reinforcing the message of the other.

2. Mood

3. Mood
 Mood, or atmosphere, is the general feeling a reader experiences as they
read a piece of literature. It's both a tangible feeling and a constant
intangible presence that powers a work's affective properties.
The mood creates an emotional response in the audience and allows for
greater understanding of what the author is saying. It may be relaxed and
happy if a sunny beach is described, or tense and fearful if a character is
running from something in the dark. It might also change at different times
throughout a story but it's always there.
The mood is the aura created by many sentences.
Just as a person cannot speak without their voice betraying what kind of
mood they are in, a writer cannot write without creating some type of
mood.
If the mood isn't established properly, the meaning of a piece will be
misconstrued and become confusing.

4. Diction
 Diction is the choice of words and how the author decides to
express them. Choosing what words to use in different situations is
integral to creating mood. For example if the author wants to create
a foreboding atmosphere, they would not say 'the clouds were light
and puffy', they would say 'the clouds were dark and heavy'.
 Author Christopher Moore had this to say:
 When I was writing 'You Suck,' in 2006, I constructed the diction of
the book's narrator, perky Goth girl Abby Normal, from what I read
on Goth blog sites."
 Thus he was able to find the correct words to use for his character
and establish the mood he wanted.

5. Setting

6. Setting
 Setting is where a story or scene takes place and can
significantly affect the mood of a piece.
 The time of day, season, weather, and physical location all
influence the emotions of the reader.
For example : an empty warehouse or a side alley in a
street. The importance of setting and imagery also comes
into play here. The warehouse may have broken windows or
hanging rafters. The alley might be littered with debris.
All these details will induce different emotional reactions,
altering the mood.

7. Imagery

8. Imagery
Consider this excerpt from Stephen King's recent novel
Revival as an example of evocative imagery:
“On our right was an old cabin with a mossy, sagging roof
and crashed-out windows. Graffiti, most of it too faded to
be legible, danced in tangles across the gray, paintless sides.
Ahead and above us was a great bulging forehead of
granite. At the summit, just as Jacobs had told me half my
life ago, was an iron pole jutting toward the clouds, which
were now black and seemingly low enough to touch. “

9. Tone
 The tone of a literary work expresses the writer's attitude
toward or feelings about the subject matter and audience.
Authors create tone through the use of various other literary
elements :
 diction or word choice;
 syntax, the grammatical arrangement of words in a text for
effect;
 imagery, or vivid appeals to the senses;
 details, facts that are included or omitted
 ; and figurative language, the comparison of seemingly
unrelated ...

10. Tone and Mood
 Tone can sometimes be confused with mood.
Tone is about the author's attitude towards certain events
or situations and how he/she wants to express them.
For example, the tone might be suspenseful because the
author holds back particular information from the reader.
 The tone is articulated through the thoughts, words, and
actions of the characters and is a large contributing
factor on the mood, rather than being a synonym for it.

11. Theme and Mood
Theme and mood have a very close relationship as they often reinforce each other.
 Identifying the theme, the overall meaning of a poem or story, will go a long way to
recognising the mood of the piece.
 Conversely, ascertaining the mood of the writing will help a reader understand the
meaning of the work.
For example: if the theme of a poem is suicide, the mood will be dark, sad, and lonely.
if the mood seems joyful and celebratory, the theme might be based on
the subject of marriage.
 Picking up on one of these elements will invariably lead to the other because they
are complimentary.
 Mood is one of the most important and powerful tools writers have at their
disposal.
For example : Stephen King a horror writer and a master at unsettling the reader
and playing on their emotions.