5. METAPHOR
- -uses a direct comparison of two unlike things or
ideas.
- -the words as and like are not used
Ex.
She is phantom of delight.
6. PERSONIFICATION
-gives human traits to inanimate objects or ideas.
Ex.
The wind whistled in my ears.
Here rests his head upon the lap of earth
A youth to Fortune and to Fame
unknown:
Fair science frowned not on his humble
birth,
And Melancholy marked him for her own.
7. APOSTROPHE
- A direct address to someone absent, dead
or inanimate.
- Ex. Oh rose! Thou art sick.
O, pardon me, thou bleeding piece of earth,
That I am meek and gentle with these
butchers!
Thou art the ruins of the noblest man
That ever lived in the tide of times.
Woe to the hand that shed this costly blood!
8. METONYMY
- It substitute a word that closely relates to a
person or thing.
Ex. The pen is mightier than a sword.
Lend me your ear.
The power of the crown was mortally
weakened.
I’m studying Shakespeare.
9. I would not give up freedom for a crown.
The captain abandoned the sword.
10. HYPERBOLE
- Makes use of exaggeration
Ex. There is a garden on her face.
I am so hungry I could eat a horse.
I have a million things to do.
I had to walk 15 miles to school in the
snow, uphill.
11. IRONY
- Says the opposite of what is meant
- Ex. How nice of you to insult me.
- Water, water, every where,
And all the boards did shrink ;
Water, water, every where,
Nor any drop to drink
12. ALLUSION
refers to any
literary, biblical, historical, mythological, scientif
ic event, character or place.
Ex.
1. Oh, don’t wash your hands and give the
kiss of Judas.
2. Be careful when accepting gift
packages. They might turn out to be
Trojan Horse.
3. Perhaps Poseidon was with them for the
sea was so calm when they had the cruise.
13. ANTITHESIS
involves a contrast or words or ideas.
opposition, or contrast of ideas or words
in a balanced or parallel construction.
Ex. They promised freedom and provided
slavery.
Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I
loved Rome more.
14. PARADOX
uses a phrase or a statement that on surface
seems contradictory that make some kind of
emotional sense.
Ex. 1. Let us go to war of peace.
2. The war was no bad after all.
3. Parting is such a sweet sorrow.
4. Stone walls do not a prison make, nor
iron bar a cage.
15. OXYMORON
puts together in one statement two
contradictory terms.
Why, then, O brawling love! O loving hate!
O any thing, of nothing first create!
O heavy lightness! serious vanity!
Mis-shapen chaos of well-seeming forms!
Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick
health!
Still-waking sleep, that is not what it is!
This love feel I, that feel no love in this.
17. ONOMATOPOEIA
uses words having a sound that imitates what
it denotes.
Ex. hiss, bang, buzz, hush, swoosh
18. ALLITERATION
involves the repetition of initial consonant
sound.
Ex. Wicked and wan, threatening and
throng.
19. ASSONANCE
uses repetition of vowels without
repetition of consonants, also called a vowel
rhyme.
Ex. Ring and hild, calano and platano.
20. CONSONANCE
repeats the final consonant sounds also
called consonant rhyme
Ex. Dreary and weary, odds and ends.
21. RHYME
employs identical sound from the vowel of
the accented syllables to the end.
Ex. Hold, told, mold, gold
22. ANAPHORA
repeats a word or words at the beginning
of two or more successive clauses or verses.
Ex. Cannon to the right of them/ Cannon
to the left of them
23. Sonnet 116
Let me not to the marriage of two minds
Admit impediments. Love is not love
Which alters when it alteration finds,
Or bends with the remover to remove:
O no! it is an ever fixed mark
That looks on tempests and is never shaken;
It is the star to every wandering bark
Whose worth’s unknown, although his height
be taken.
24. Love’s not Time’s fool, though rosy lips and cheeks
Within his bending sickle’s compass come:
Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks,
But bears it out even to the edge of doom.
If this be error and upon me proved,
I never writ, nor no man ever loved.
26. ASSIGNMENT
1. Prepare for a quiz next meeting, June 21.
Coverage: Aids to studying Literature
Figures of Speech
2. Read about the influential ancient books of
religious and literary worth (The Bible, The
Quran, The Vedas)
