for the students of class 9 and 10 of Bangladeshi Students.

1. Monday, 02 November 2020 1

2. Monday, 02 November 2020 2

3. Monday, 02 November 2020 3
Making a cup of tea is a very simple and easy thing. First, one has to take a kettle
with required quantity of water in it and put it on a stove to boil the water for a few
minutes. The water has to be sufficiently boiled, or else the tea will not be as good
as it can be. Then you have to put some tea-leaves or tea dust into it when the
water has boiled properly. Then continue to boil it until the water has turned
reddish. Next you have to remove the kettle from the stove and pour the liquor into
cups through a sieve. After that you have to put some sugar into each cup of tea,
mix a little milk with it and stir it. One may add ginger or lemon juice instead of
milk according to one's taste. Then the cup of tea is ready to be served.
First,
and
Then when
Then
Next and
After that
Finally
How to make a cup of good tea

4. Use of English
Linking
Words
Linking words

5. Learning Outcome:
•By the end of the lesson students will be able to use
linking words in paragraphs.
Monday, 02 November 2020 5

6. What are linking words?
• Linking words are words that join clauses into sentences.
• There are three main types of linking words:
• conjunctions
• sentence connectors
• subordinators.
Monday, 02 November 2020 6

7. Conjunctions
• and
• but
• so
• nor
• yet.
Monday, 02 November 2020 7
• Conjunctions are the most common form of linking
word. They are used to join two parts of a sentence
together are generally in the middle of a sentence.
There are seven co-ordinating conjunctions. These
are:
Example:
Successful students work hard and they organise their time effectively.
• or
• for
Independent
clause
Independent
clause

8. Monday, 02 November 2020 8
•For (effect/cause): Maria is afraid of dogs, for she was bitten by a dog
when she was young.
•And (addition): Isabela lives in Chattogram, and his parents live nearby
in Noakhali.
•Nor (addition of negatives): Mary doesn’t want to go to college, nor does
she want to find a job.
•But (contrast): Abdul likes to read, but he prefers to watch television.
•Or (alternative): Jobbar thinks he wants to study math, or he might be
interested in fire fighting.
•Yet (contrast): Jashim really likes to run in the morning, yet he hates
getting up early.
•So (cause/effect): Jasmine loves birds, so she went to the animal shop to
buy one.
Examples:

9. Sentence connectors
• Sentence connectors are used to link ideas from one sentence to the
next and to give paragraphs coherence. Sentence connectors perform
different functions and are placed at the beginning of a sentence.
They are used to introduce, order, contrast, sequence ideas, theory,
data etc. The following table lists useful connectors.
Monday, 02 November 2020 9

10. Logical / sequential order
• Firstly, secondly, thirdly etc
• Next, last, finally
• In addition
• Furthermore
• Also
• At present / presently
Monday, 02 November 2020 10

11. Order of importance
•Most / more
importantly
•Most significantly
•Above all
•Primarily
•It is essential /
essentially
•However
•On the other hand
•On the contrary
•By (in) comparison
•In contrast
Monday, 02 November 2020 11
Contrast

12. •As a result
•As a consequence
•Therefore
•Thus
•Consequently
•Hence
•Similarly
•Likewise
•Also
Monday, 02 November 2020 12
ComparisonResult
Reason
• The cause of
• The reason for

13. Activity 1 – Fill in the gaps
Time management skills are essential for study success.
___________, there are several useful strategies that can
be used to improve your time management skills.
__________, have clear goals in mind. __________, plan
your time by having a yearly and weekly planner. Careful
planning will enable you to keep on the top of your work
and avoid stress. __________, reward yourself when the
job is done.
Monday, 02 November 2020 13
In factFirstly SecondlyFinally

14. Activity 2:
Identify 4 linking words / phrases
• Do teams in organisations need leaders?
• How and why the leader was selected also appears to affect the
leader’s effectiveness. Addison (1996), for instance, asserts that if a
leader is elected democratically by the team and from within the
team, there is more likelihood of an effective work relationship
between team members. However, Smith (1996) notes that more
than 60% of 500 workplace teams studied operate with team
leaders chosen by the middle or upper management. Furthermore,
in more than half of these, the team leaders did not have the
confidence of the team members to the extent that effectiveness
and efficiency was compromised.
Monday, 02 November 2020 14

15. Social networks services make it possible to connect people sharing interests and
activities across the borders and thus have made a lot for the users to feel that they
really live in a global village. Why are social networks expanding so fast? The
answer is simple. Firstly, most of the social services are cost free. You can make use
of them free, paying a very little to your Internet service provider. Secondly, you
can make your personal profile public before the entire online community. It is like
presenting yourself before the entire world. You can also look into other people’s
profile if you are interested. It is simple and easy. Thirdly, social networks allow
users to upload pictures, multimedia contents and modify the profile. Some like
Facebook allow users to update their profiles. Fourthly, networks allow users to
post blog entries. User profiles have a section dedicated to comments from friends
and other users. Finally, there are privacy protection measures too. A user himself
or herself decides over the number of visitors/viewers, and what information
should be shared with others
Monday, 02 November 2020 15
Firstly
Secondly
Thirdly
Fourthly
Finally
Activity 3:

16. Subordinators
• Subordinators are linking words that are used to join clauses
together. They are used at the beginning or in the middle of a
sentence.
Monday, 02 November 2020 16
1. I love coffee although it upsets my stomach.
2. Malek drinks tea because it is filled with healthy antioxidants.
3. When Krishna gets up in the morning, he drinks a glass of water with lemon.
4. If Angelo doesn't have his morning coffee, he feels grumpy all day.
5. I went to Dhaka last week so that I could see my ailing mother.
Example

17. Comparison and
contrast
•Although
•Though
•Even though
•While
•Whereas
•Since
•So that
•Because
Monday, 02 November 2020 17
Cause and
effect

18. Time
•After
•When
•Until
•Whenever
•Before
•if
•as if
•whether
•unless
Monday, 02 November 2020 18
Possibility

19. Place and manner
•Wherever
•Where
•How
•Whatever
Monday, 02 November 2020 19
Let’s enjoy a music

20. Monday, 02 November 2020 20
Dogs and Goldfish
Dogs are probably the most popular pet in America, but I think a goldfish is a much better
pet than a dog. First of all, a goldfish is much quieter than a dog. A dog will often bark
when someone comes to the door. However, a goldfish would never bark or even make a
noise. In addition, goldfish are much cleaner than other animals. Both dogs and cats get
hair all over the furniture in your house. A goldfish doesn’t even have any hair, so it is
much cleaner. Finally, a goldfish is much less expensive to buy and take care of. I
recently saw goldfish for sale at a pet store for 99 cents. On the other hand, my uncle
recently paid 6350.00 taka for a Labrador retriever. , food for a dog can cost up to ten
dollars a week,, but food for a goldfish probably won’t cost you that much in a whole
year. If you are looking for a quiet, clean and inexpensive pet, you should choose a
goldfish not a dog.
but
First of all
However
Both
Finally
On the other hand
Also
but
Activity 4:

21. Monday, 02 November 2020 21
Write a paragraph on “How to Plant a Tree”
Use the Linking words

22. Monday, 02 November 2020 22
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered
coronavirus. Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus will experience mild to
moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment. However,
older people, and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease,
diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness.
The best way to prevent and slow down transmission is to follow some health rules.
First of all be well informed about the COVID-19 virus, the disease it causes and how it
spreads. Then Protect yourself and others from infection by washing your hands or using
an alcohol based rub frequently and not touching your face. The COVID-19 virus spreads
primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose when an infected person
coughs or sneezes. so it’s important that you also practice respiratory etiquette (for
example, by coughing into a flexed elbow). At this time, there are no specific vaccines or
treatments for COVID-19. However, there are many ongoing clinical trials evaluating
potential treatments.
Activity 5:

23. Monday, 02 November 2020 23