The key light is the primary light source used to reveal the basic shape and form of the subject. It produces shadows while keeping the subject illuminated. A fill light reduces contrast by lighting areas in shadow. Backlighting illuminates the subject from behind to create a glow around edges. High key lighting aims for a homogeneous, shadow-free style to suggest an upbeat mood. Rim lighting creates a bright line around the subject's edges to separate it from the background. Chiaroscuro uses strong contrasts between light and dark for bold modeling of three-dimensional objects.

2. As the principal source of illumination, the major function of the key light is to reveal the basic shape of the object. To reveal the basic shape, the key light must produce some shadows. Fresnel spotlights, medium spread, are normally used for key illumination.

4. A light placed to the side of the subject to fill out shadows and balance the key light.

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