Corrigendum to “Special surgical technique for knee arthroplasty”Apollo Hospitals
We typically operate more than 1200-1800 cases a year, out of which we have included 300 cases randomly for the study. All these selected cases were local residents and easy to follow-up.
Presentation by Dr Adnan Saithna, Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Kansas City University, delivered at American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons Annual Meeting 2020. This presentation reports that professional athletes are at higher risk of septic arthritis after ACL reconstruction than recreational athletes
Runners and running website claim that running can improve everything from one's mood to risk of death. It is necessary though to examine the science behind these claims. I recently gave a lecture at the Indian Science Congress and examined four claims - adding years to life, reducing cancer risk, no evidence of knee damage and improving bone density and reducing fracture risk.
Hip Replacement Procedure Prompts Stroke To Its Aged Patients, Study Suggestsschurmanjessica
Patients who go through total hip replacement critically increased their risk for stroke in the first few weeks after surgery, according to a new study in Denmark. Read more of Stryker hip replacement recall @ http://stryker-hip-replacement-recall.com
Corrigendum to “Special surgical technique for knee arthroplasty”Apollo Hospitals
We typically operate more than 1200-1800 cases a year, out of which we have included 300 cases randomly for the study. All these selected cases were local residents and easy to follow-up.
Presentation by Dr Adnan Saithna, Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Kansas City University, delivered at American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons Annual Meeting 2020. This presentation reports that professional athletes are at higher risk of septic arthritis after ACL reconstruction than recreational athletes
Runners and running website claim that running can improve everything from one's mood to risk of death. It is necessary though to examine the science behind these claims. I recently gave a lecture at the Indian Science Congress and examined four claims - adding years to life, reducing cancer risk, no evidence of knee damage and improving bone density and reducing fracture risk.
Hip Replacement Procedure Prompts Stroke To Its Aged Patients, Study Suggestsschurmanjessica
Patients who go through total hip replacement critically increased their risk for stroke in the first few weeks after surgery, according to a new study in Denmark. Read more of Stryker hip replacement recall @ http://stryker-hip-replacement-recall.com
I created this presentation for an Exercise Physiology class I recently took at GSU. It explains the evolution of the commonly known term 'Female Athlete Triad' to the revised term of 'RED-S Syndrome.'
The Relationship of Hip and Trunk Muscle Function to Single Leg Step-Down Per...Jeremy Burnham
The Single Leg Step-Down Test (SLSD) is a screening test used to identify athletes with hip and trunk strength deficits who may be at risk for lower extremity injury such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear.
Do African-Americans Prone to Suffer Osteoarthritis?schurmanjessica
A new study suggests that African-Americans are more prone to develop osteoarthritis (OA) in the knee and in multiple large joints than with Caucasians, although, not as much with the hands as opposed to Caucasians.
Read more of Stryker hip replacement recall at Stryker-hip-replacement-recall.com
Some Mechanisms of the Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury among Male Sport Activities by
Kasbparast Mehdi in Examines in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Presentation given by Dr Saithna at the 2019 AANA (Arthroscopy Association North America) Annual Meeting on the Outcomes of Combined ACL and anterolateral ligament reconstruction in Professional Athletes
There is a higher potentiality for hip implant failure, causing more health complications, in women than in men, revealed by one of the largest hip replacement study in the US. The Stryker Hip Replacement Lawsuit Center helps you learn more about hip replacements and its potential side effects.
Comparison of X-ray and DXA for Evaluating OsteoporosisRSIS International
Osteoporosis is a thinning of the bone that leads to fracture with minimum force. It affects postmenopausal women and elderly of both genders. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is one of the parameter related to bone strength. Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is currently considered as the “gold standard” for measuring BMD.To evaluate osteoporosis in postmenopausal women using low-cost digital hip radiograph in comparison with DXA as a gold standard; i) To evaluate the morphometry of proximal femur using digital radiograph in the diagnosing osteoporosis in Indian women. ii) To evaluate the morphometry of metacarpal using digital radiograph in the diagnosing osteoporosis in Indian women. iii) To evaluate the loss of trabeculae in the proximal femur using Singh’s index in Indian women. iv) To estimate of volumetric trabeculae at Neck of the Femur in the Evaluation of Osteoporosis. v) To calculate the energy at neck of the proximal femur using image processing technique.A free medical screening camp for osteoporosis was conducted at SRM Medical College and Research Institute. A total number of 50 (n=50) Indian women, 18 healthy pre menopausal women (n=18, 36.3 ± 8.7 years) and 32 post menopausal women (n=32, 58 ± 9.1 years) whose age ranged from 20- 85 years were included. A standard digital radiograph of the right hip was obtained in all study Indian women using a digital x-ray machine. The results obtained by DXA found that 20% and 34% of the Indian women were having osteoporosis and osteopenia respectively. The mean values of ratio of femoral length to femoral width (BC/DE), thickness of the medial Shaft Cortex (SC), width of the Acetabular bone (AW), lesser trochanter thickness of the Medial cortex (NC), and ratio of hip axis length to femoral width (AC/DE) were lesser in the osteoporotic Indian women than in normal Indian women. These values were found to be decreased by - 29%, -23%, -17%, -15%, and -10% respectively, when comparing to normal Indian women. The mean values of metacarpal index of all the five were decreased in osteoporotic patients by cortical thickness (D-d) and relative cortical thickness (D-d)/D was -31% -30.7% respectively, when comparing to normal Indian women. The femur neck and total hip BMD and Singh’s index were lesser by 41.6% and 33.7%,40% (p<0.01) respectively in osteoporotic post-menopausal women, comparing to normal post-menopausal women. The mean values of area and the volume of the proximal neck were decreased -20% and -21% in the osteoporotic Indian women than in normal Indian women.
Detailed programme of the Global Ortho Congress at Philadelphia,USA where my presentation is on 8/11/2016 at 3.15 to 3.35 pm as seen in this attachment.
Clinical and epidemiological profile of patients undergoing total hip arthro...David Sadigursky
Clinical and epidemiological profile of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty.
Rheumatology and Orthopedic Medicine
Rheumatol Orthop Med, 2017 doi: 10.15761/ROM.1000120
I created this presentation for an Exercise Physiology class I recently took at GSU. It explains the evolution of the commonly known term 'Female Athlete Triad' to the revised term of 'RED-S Syndrome.'
The Relationship of Hip and Trunk Muscle Function to Single Leg Step-Down Per...Jeremy Burnham
The Single Leg Step-Down Test (SLSD) is a screening test used to identify athletes with hip and trunk strength deficits who may be at risk for lower extremity injury such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear.
Do African-Americans Prone to Suffer Osteoarthritis?schurmanjessica
A new study suggests that African-Americans are more prone to develop osteoarthritis (OA) in the knee and in multiple large joints than with Caucasians, although, not as much with the hands as opposed to Caucasians.
Read more of Stryker hip replacement recall at Stryker-hip-replacement-recall.com
Some Mechanisms of the Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury among Male Sport Activities by
Kasbparast Mehdi in Examines in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
Presentation given by Dr Saithna at the 2019 AANA (Arthroscopy Association North America) Annual Meeting on the Outcomes of Combined ACL and anterolateral ligament reconstruction in Professional Athletes
There is a higher potentiality for hip implant failure, causing more health complications, in women than in men, revealed by one of the largest hip replacement study in the US. The Stryker Hip Replacement Lawsuit Center helps you learn more about hip replacements and its potential side effects.
Comparison of X-ray and DXA for Evaluating OsteoporosisRSIS International
Osteoporosis is a thinning of the bone that leads to fracture with minimum force. It affects postmenopausal women and elderly of both genders. Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is one of the parameter related to bone strength. Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is currently considered as the “gold standard” for measuring BMD.To evaluate osteoporosis in postmenopausal women using low-cost digital hip radiograph in comparison with DXA as a gold standard; i) To evaluate the morphometry of proximal femur using digital radiograph in the diagnosing osteoporosis in Indian women. ii) To evaluate the morphometry of metacarpal using digital radiograph in the diagnosing osteoporosis in Indian women. iii) To evaluate the loss of trabeculae in the proximal femur using Singh’s index in Indian women. iv) To estimate of volumetric trabeculae at Neck of the Femur in the Evaluation of Osteoporosis. v) To calculate the energy at neck of the proximal femur using image processing technique.A free medical screening camp for osteoporosis was conducted at SRM Medical College and Research Institute. A total number of 50 (n=50) Indian women, 18 healthy pre menopausal women (n=18, 36.3 ± 8.7 years) and 32 post menopausal women (n=32, 58 ± 9.1 years) whose age ranged from 20- 85 years were included. A standard digital radiograph of the right hip was obtained in all study Indian women using a digital x-ray machine. The results obtained by DXA found that 20% and 34% of the Indian women were having osteoporosis and osteopenia respectively. The mean values of ratio of femoral length to femoral width (BC/DE), thickness of the medial Shaft Cortex (SC), width of the Acetabular bone (AW), lesser trochanter thickness of the Medial cortex (NC), and ratio of hip axis length to femoral width (AC/DE) were lesser in the osteoporotic Indian women than in normal Indian women. These values were found to be decreased by - 29%, -23%, -17%, -15%, and -10% respectively, when comparing to normal Indian women. The mean values of metacarpal index of all the five were decreased in osteoporotic patients by cortical thickness (D-d) and relative cortical thickness (D-d)/D was -31% -30.7% respectively, when comparing to normal Indian women. The femur neck and total hip BMD and Singh’s index were lesser by 41.6% and 33.7%,40% (p<0.01) respectively in osteoporotic post-menopausal women, comparing to normal post-menopausal women. The mean values of area and the volume of the proximal neck were decreased -20% and -21% in the osteoporotic Indian women than in normal Indian women.
Detailed programme of the Global Ortho Congress at Philadelphia,USA where my presentation is on 8/11/2016 at 3.15 to 3.35 pm as seen in this attachment.
Clinical and epidemiological profile of patients undergoing total hip arthro...David Sadigursky
Clinical and epidemiological profile of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty.
Rheumatology and Orthopedic Medicine
Rheumatol Orthop Med, 2017 doi: 10.15761/ROM.1000120
People may suffer from hip problems, their age notwithstanding. Thus, hip replacement surgery was developed.As reported by the Bloomberg, US Democrats are pushing for policy blocking the distribution of medical devices that have safety problems. They talked about untoward incidents brought about by medical products of Johnson & Johnson. Design problems with metal-on-metal hip implants may have caused the metal components of the DePuy device to rub against each other and shed microscopic metal particles into the body. Read more here about Depuy Settlements at this website: www.depuysettlements.com
What is Hip Replacement ? Total hip replacement is a surgical procedure with remarkable success and patient satisfaction rate. It is performed on patients with arthritis of hip joint resulting from several causes like ageing wear and tear, avascular necrosis of the hip ball due to loss of blood supply, rheumatoid arthritis, post-injury arthritis or following hip fracture and/or surgery.
Latest advances in Joint replacements higlkights rane of procedures currently performed by Dr. Venkatachalam. This list is not exhaustive and newer procedures are introduced frequently. Patients seeking value medical care abroad will benefit from this knowledge
i prepared this presentation for our hospital monthly clinicopathological conference. our experience with TKR is not so vast but v are satisfied with what v have done till date.
A short and descriptive presentation on total hip replacement surgery. This presentation gives brief idea about the causes of arthritis of hip and its management. This presentation also provides information on total hip replacement procedure.
Dr.A.Mohan krishna
Consultant orthopedic surgeon
Apollo hospitals,
Hyderabad
Appointments: 9247258989
9441184590
www.drmohankrishna.com
www.bonesandjointsclinic.com
www.healthyjointclub.com
Exercise May Put Hip Replacement Surgeries Off the Picturedepuysettlements
It is a constant remark from studies that exercise may prevent heart disease, stroke, diabetes, muscle pains, high blood pressure, obesity and osteoporosis. Yet another study reveals a new significant benefit of exercises, especially to patients with bone and hip problems. The company has announced that hip replacement recall costs $3 billion quarterly, as was reported by Reuters. Read more here: depuysettlements.com
Abstract
Background: Physiotherapy is multi-dimensional and can treat a vast variety of conditions, ranging from musculoskeletal aches, arthritis, joints problems, paraplegia, hemiplegic, sports injuries and frozen shoulder etc. Apart from culture competency and core medical knowledge a physiotherapist must be competent enough in all physiotherapist medical conditions where physical therapy plays a vital role. This study aims to identify the frequency of common clinical conditions among client presented at Habib Physiotherapy Complex (HPC), Hayatabad during 2010.
Methodology: This was a descriptive study; the data were retrieved from record register of HPC (Indoor and Outdoor patients) recording their presenting complaints and known diagnoses. Data was collected on a structure grid. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 15 and presented in term of frequency and percentages.
Result: The majority of clients (1280 (29%)) were suffering from low back pain. The second common condition 891(20%) was osteoarthritis of the knee joint and cerebrovascular accidents 824(18.4%), while cervical pain accounted for 734(16.4%). The rest of clinical conditions included; frozen shoulder, pelvic inflammation, cerebral palsy, polio effected and paraplegia.
Conclusion: The Study reveals the occurrence of Osteoarthritis (Low Back, Cervical Pain, and Knee Joints Pain) were the most common condition which deteriorated the performance of common individuals in our society.
A Study to compare the effect of Open versus Closed kinetic chain exercises i...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Background And Purpose Of The Study: Patello-femoral arthritis is the most common type of
arthritis especially older people sometimes it is called as degenerative joint disease. Patello- femoral arthritis is
one of the common causes of physical disability in adults. It is the second most common cause of chronic
conditions. 50% of older persons after 55 years are affected. Some of the young people get arthritis from the
joint injuries. Arthritis is the leading cause of disability in our nation more than other systemic diseases like
heart diseases, cancer and diabetes. There are many therapeutic interventions for the treatment of patellofemoral
arthritis. The study is to determine whether closed kinetic chain exercise offer any advantages over
open kinetic chain exercises.
Method: The patients are randomly selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into two
groups. Group A and Group B. Group A is trained with closed kinetic chain exercise and Group B is trained
with open kinetic chain exercises for a period of 12 weeks. the pre and post treatment readings of VAS and
KUJALA scale are taken in both groups for statistical analysis.
Results: The results showed reduction in pain and improvement in functional activity in both Group A and
Group B, significant improvement has been noted in Group A after 12 weeks of training.
Conclusion: This study shows that there was significant improvement in functional ability and reduction of pain
as a result of both open and closed kinetic chain exercises program. There are only few significant differences
between closed kinetic chain exercises (GROUP-A) and open kineticchain exercises (GROUP-B). It reviles that
closed kinetic chain exercises are more effective in the treatment of patello-femoral arthritis than the
(GROUP-B) open kinetic chain exercises
To Determine Preference of Shoulder Pain Management by General Physicians in ...suppubs1pubs1
Rotator cuff muscles are functionally active and provide stability to the shoulder joint and also thereby allow the full Range of Motion (ROM) by moving the head of humerus in the glenoid cavity. Any tear or fragility of the rotator cuff muscles can cause the dislocation or instability and hence damaging other muscles specially the long head of biceps muscle. The diseases related to the supraspinatus tendon are frequently linked with the long head of the biceps tendon. Other cause of chronic shoulder pain is the adhesive capsulitis with large prevalence rates of more than 5.3% in the general target population [3].
A spinal fusion surgery is a procedure that is used to join two or more vertebrae together. Spinal Fusion Surgery India has a high success rate and you can be one of the many people who recover from a serious illness and live a long and happy life.
Hip replacement surgery may be the best answer to individuals who are unable to perform daily activities because of excruciating hip joint pain.The Stryker Hip Replacement Recall Center or Strykerhipreplacementrecall.net offers more information about this matter.
Preserving Hip Joints Made Possible by TechnologyCarole Maddox
Patients who have problems with their hips go through lengths in order to reduce the pain and would rather not delay their hip replacement procedure because it will just prolong their agony, however, recent health reports say that it may be possible to preserve diseased hip joints without replacing the joints. This new practice may be able to extend the hip joints to last for a lifetime instead of having a hip replacement that may only last for 15 to 20 years, several orthopedic specialists say. The complications that often result to the destruction of the hip joints are often correctible, according to Dr. Michael B. Millis, because they have a pattern that needs to be corrected before they cause further and irreversible damage. Read more here at this website: depuypinnaclelawsuit.com
The Study to Assess the Effect of Prehabilitation on Postoperative Outcome of...ijtsrd
AIM The present study aims to assess the effect of prehabilitation on postoperative outcome of the patients on total knee arthroplasty at selected hospital at SMCH.METHODS AND MATERIALS A pre experimental research design was used for the present study. A total 100 samples were collected using quota sampling technique. The demographic variable and post pre level of knee pain was assessed using structured questioner and, followed by that data was gathered and analyzed.RESULTS The results the study revealed that there is a significant association with post test level of knee pain among patients at level of p 0.0.CONCLUSION Thus, the present study assessed the existing level of knee pain was average and it was evident there is a lack of awareness and knowledge. Dr. S. Tamilselvi | D. Nisha | M. Janaki | R. Radhik "The Study to Assess the Effect of Prehabilitation on Postoperative Outcome of the Patients on Total Knee Arthroplasty at Selected Hospital" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-5 , October 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd60078.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/nursing/60078/the-study-to-assess-the-effect-of-prehabilitation-on-postoperative-outcome-of-the-patients-on-total-knee-arthroplasty-at-selected-hospital/dr-s-tamilselvi
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
How STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptx
Life span of patient may increase by 50% with hip replacement, study shows
1. Life Span of Patient May
Increase by 50% with Hip
Replacement, Study Shows
2. It has already been shown through various studies that total
hip replacement has provided immediate benefits to the hip
implant recipient. A chance to recover the old quality of life
through the elimination of pain and restoration of joint
mobility has been the primary benefit. Other studies have
also proven that benefits include considerable improvements
in their sex lives and the opportunity to get back to work at
the same level of productivity.
3. Very recently, the results of a new study have shown that
long term benefits may be enjoyed as a result of total hip
replacement aside from the immediate benefits mentioned
earlier. These findings were the result of the study conducted
by Dr. Scott Lovald involving 43,000 patients suffering
osteoarthritis of the hips from 1998 to 2009.
4. These respondents were divided into two groups with one
group identified as receiving total hip replacement and the
other group composed of patients deciding against surgical
interventions. All the patients were followed for at least one
year with around 24,000 of them monitored for the next
seven years. For the latter group, 10,534 had total hip
replacement while the remaining 13,443 did not have surgical
operations and relied on medications and traditional therapy.
5. Below are the key results of this study:
1. Compared to those who did not undergo hip
replacement, patients implanted with new hip prosthesis had
lower mortality risks. After taking into consideration important
variables, it was determined that after seven years, hip
implant recipients had a 52 percent lower risk of dying than
those who did not undergo hip surgeries.
6. 2. The risk for those who had hip implants as far as heart
failure was concerned was consistently lower three to seven
years after the surgery although risks were the same for the
first year. Ailments focused on by the researchers are those
strongly tied to osteoarthritis such as ischemic heart
disease, congestive heart failure, and atherosclerosis or the
hardening of the arteries.
7. 3. The relationship of total hip replacement with diabetes and
depression was also included by the researchers since these
two diseases are associated with this joint disease. The
study revealed that at one and three years after surgery, hip
implant recipients had significant reduction in the risk of
getting diabetes. Hip implant recipients were also found to
have reduced risk of depression three years after their hip
replacement surgeries.
8. Hip replacement surgeries, without doubt, are benefitting
thousands of people suffering from different hip disorders.
After years of enduring pain and misery, it is truly
heartwarming to see these people having a chance to enjoy
life once more.
It is very unfortunate that the alarming failure rates of hip
implants such as the DePuy ASR hip systems are
jeopardizing this opportunity.
9. Legal actions have been taken by thousands of patients who
have experienced severe complications as a result of using
these implants. You may refer to depuysettlements.com for
more information about this matter.
References:
medscape.com/viewarticle
wimbledonclinics.co.uk/news/thr-reduces-risk-of-heart-failure-
depression-and-diabet/
arthritisresearchuk.org/news/general-news/march/hip-
replacement-may-reduce-risk-of-heart-failure-depression-
and-diabetes.aspx
