Life saving Drug.pptx
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1. The document provides guidelines for managing medical emergencies, including activating a crisis plan, assessing airway, breathing and circulation, obtaining history, administering oxygen, and monitoring the patient once stable. 2. It then lists various drugs used to treat conditions like anaphylactic shock, myocardial infarction, circulatory collapse, status epilepticus, and hypertensive crisis. 3. The document also provides directions for administering antisnake venom, including recommended initial dosages, dilution, administration time, and monitoring the patient afterwards.
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Histamine is a biogenic amine involved in inflammatory and hypersensitivity reactions. It is synthesized and stored in mast cells and basophils and released during allergic reactions. Histamine acts on H1, H2, and H3 receptors to produce various pharmacological effects including vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, smooth muscle contraction, and gastric acid secretion. Antihistamines competitively antagonize histamine H1 receptors to treat conditions like allergic rhinitis, urticaria, and motion sickness. First-generation antihistamines are more sedating due to anticholinergic effects, while second-generation antihistamines have fewer side effects but some were banned due to cardiac issues when taken with
Anti -Adrenergic drugs.ppt
1. Pheochromocytoma was diagnosed based on laboratory tests showing elevated urinary metanephrines and imaging finding a left adrenal gland mass.
2. A 62-year-old man with lower urinary tract symptoms and enlarged prostate is at significant risk for BPH progression. The most appropriate treatment is a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor or combination with an alpha-blocker.
3. A 56-year-old man with bothersome but not severe symptoms and a small prostate has a low risk of BPH progression. Alpha-blocker therapy is most appropriate.
Adrenergic agonists & antagonists in veterinary medicine
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CRASH CART
Prepared by
FARIDA KHOGLI, BSN, RN`
MEEQAT GENERAL HOSPITAL
MADINA MUNAWARH
KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA
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- 2. Life Saving and Emergency Drug General Principle in Management of Medical Emergencie Check airway, breathing and circulation (ABC). Activate a crisis resource management plan: Get help (e.g. other practice staff, ambulance professionals) Assign roles (including leader, scribe, and timekeeper). Facilitate teamwork. . Some history is better than no history: - Any drugs or allergies? If available Ask relatives and check medical records. Give oxygen supply (8 L/min) Intravenous drugs are generally given over 2-5 minutes
- 3. Consult with an emergency dept for advice & patient transfer Practice safe sharps management and follow infection control procedures. Take detailed notes and transcribe these to the patient's medical record at the earliest opportunity. Keep copies of any transfer of care letters. Arrange debriefing as appropriate for the patient (or relatives) and for those involved in managing the emergency. Continuous assessment and management until stable. Observe patient once stable (especially if sedative drugs have been administered).
- 4. Drugs Used in Anaphylactic Shock 1. Adrenergic Drugs: Epinephring(adrenaline). 2. Antihistamines: combination of H1- and H2-antagonists: H1-antagonist: Diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine. H2-antgonist: Cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine. 3. Bronchodilators: Albuterol. 4. Corticosteroids: Prednisolone, methylprednisolone. 5. Positive Inotropic Agents: Glucagon. 6. Vasopressors: Dopamine.
- 5. Drugs used in Myocardial Infraction & Cardiogenic Shock 1. Adrenergic agonist: Norepinephrine (noradrenaline). 2. Adrenergic activator: Isoproterenol. 3. alfa-and Beta-adrenergic activator: Dopamine, dobutamine. 4. Cardioglycoside: Digitalis, digoxin. 5. Positive inotropic agents: Glucagon. 6. Vasodilator: Chlorpromazine and phentolamine.
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- 7. Medicines for Hypertensive Crisis Class Ca2+ channel blocker = Nicardipine alfa & beta blocker Labetalol Beta-blocker = Esmolol Vasodilator = Hydralazine Sodium nitroprusside ACE inhibitors = Enalaprilat
- 8. Antisnake Venom ASV is immunoglobulin (usually the enzyme refined F(ab)2 fragment of IgG) purified from the serum or plasma of a horse or sheep that has been immunized with the venoms of one or more species of snake 1 ml of ASV neutralizes: Cobra-0.6 mg Russels viper-0.6 mg Common krait-0.45mg Saw scaled viper-0.45 mg
- 9. ASV administration: No ASV test dose must be administered. Recommended initial dosages are 100 ml (10 vials) of polyvalent ASV for adults & children Initial dose must be calculated to neutralize the average dose of venom injected. 1. Range of venom injected - 5mg to 147 mg 2. Suggested ASV dose = 100 to 250 ml Initial dose of 100 ml must be diluted in 100 ml of NS & given over 1 hour. Patient should be carefully monitored for 2 hrs. Local administration of ASV near the bite site- SHOULD NOT BE DONE