Khan Mutaba Farooq's document discusses various sterilization techniques used in hospitals. It describes five main sterilization methods: 1) moist heat sterilization using steam under pressure, 2) dry heat sterilization using hot air ovens, 3) gas sterilization using agents like ethylene oxide, 4) sterilization by radiation using electromagnetic waves or particles, and 5) sterilization by filtration using membrane filters to remove microbes. Successful sterilization is important for working in medical facilities to prevent life-threatening consequences from microbial contamination.

1. NAME : KHAN MUTABA FAROOQ
ROLL NO : 73
SUBJECT: HOSPITAL AND CLINICAL
PHARMACY
TOPIC : VARIOUS TYPES OF STERILIZERS
AND STERILIZATION TECHNIQUES USED
IN HOSPITALS

2. FIELDVISITTO PACIFIC HOSPITAL

3. VARIOUS TYPES OF STERILIZERS AND
STERILIZATION TECHNIQUES USED IN HOSPITALS
Sterilization is the complete elimination or destruction of all forms of
microbial life and is accomplished in health care facilities by either
physical or chemical processes.
WHAT IS STERILIZATION?

5. Sterilization can be accomplished by an amalgamation of heat,
chemicals, irradiation, high pressure and filtration such as steam
under pressure, dry heat, ultraviolet radiation, gas vapour sterilants,
chlorine dioxide gas etc. Successful sterilization strategies are
necessary for working in a lab and negligence of this could lead to
severe consequences, it could unexpectedly cost a life.
The methods are:
1. Moist Heat Sterilization
2. Dry Heat Sterilization
3.Gas Sterilization and Others.

6. 1.Moist Heat Sterilization: Moderate pressure is utilized in
steam sterilization. Steam is utilized under pressure as a means
of accomplishing an elevated temperature. It is dominant to
confirm the accurate quality of steam is utilized in order to
keep away the problems which follow, superheating of the
steam, failure of steam penetration into porous loads, incorrect
removal of air, etc.

7. 2. Dry Heat Sterilization: Dry heat sterilization is utilized for
heat-stable non-aqueous preparations, powders and
definite impregnated dressings. It may also be utilized for
sterilization of some types of container. Sterilization by dry
heat is generally carried out in a hot-air oven. Heat is
carried from its source to load by radiation, convention and
to a small extent by conduction.

8. 3.Gas Sterilization: Gaseous sterilizing agents are of two main types,
oxidizing and alkylating agents. Vapour phase hydrogen peroxide is an
example of the former. Ethylene oxide and formaldehyde are instance
of the alkylating agents. However, the BP states that gaseous
sterilization is used when there is no acceptable replacement. The
main advantage of ethylene oxide is that many types of materials,
including thermolabile materials, can be sterilized without damage.

9. 4.Sterilization by Radiation: Radiations can be split up into
two groups: electromagnetic waves and streams of
particulate matter. The former group consists infrared
radiation, ultraviolet light, X-rays and gamma rays. The latter
group includes alpha and beta radiations. More frequently
infrared radiation, ultraviolet light, gamma radiation and
high-velocity electrons are utilized for sterilization.

10. Ultraviolet Light:
A narrow range of UV wavelength is successful in eliminating
the microorganism. The wavelength is powerfully absorbed by
the nucleoproteins. The most important disadvantage of UV
radiation as a sterilizing agent is its poor penetrating power. This
is the result of powerful absorption by many substances. The
application of UV radiation is limited.

11. 5.Sterilization by Filtration: Membrane filters are built from
cellulose derives or other polymers. There are no loose fibres
or molecules in membrane filters. They keep molecules bigger
than the pore size on the filter surface hence filters particularly
useful in noticing of small numbers of bacteria.

12. THE END