The document discusses various lid pathologies and conditions. It describes the anatomy of the eyelid layers including the epidermis and dermis. It then covers various benign and malignant lid tumors as well as inflammatory conditions like blepharitis, chalazion, stye, entropion, and ectropion. It provides details on symptoms, signs, and management of these various lid diseases. Ptosis is also discussed, covering its various causes and approaches to surgical correction like levator resection or frontalis sling procedures.
this slide share admixed with pictures and animations will give an overall idea of immunological disorders of cornea. it covers anatomy immunology, and pharmacology as well
This presentation describes the background of the cornea and the corneal diseases in general, also it describes in detailed manner how to manage the corneal ulcer with its different causes.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
this slide share admixed with pictures and animations will give an overall idea of immunological disorders of cornea. it covers anatomy immunology, and pharmacology as well
This presentation describes the background of the cornea and the corneal diseases in general, also it describes in detailed manner how to manage the corneal ulcer with its different causes.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
12. C/f —
symptoms —
Painless eyelid swelling
Progressive increase
Watering / epiphora
Heaviness in Lids
Blurrin of Vn ( due to
mass effect induced
astigmatism )
Signs -
Firm/hard non tender
nodule
Nodule away from lid
margin generally
Generally points towards
palpebral conjunctiva
13. Possible complications —
Progressive increase
secondary infection
Calcification
Metaplasia occasionally into Meibomian
gland adenoCa
Management —
Conservative mx ( for small/soft/recent )
: topical antibiotic, Hot
fomentation, Oral Nsaids
Intralesional Triamcinolone — when mass
located near puncta ( I&C may cause
damage here )
Incision and Curettage
14. Chalazion I&C :
Under topical Xylocaine and mass infiltration
with 2% xylocaine
Vertical incision on Conjunctival side
Contents removed with Chalazion Scoop
Eye patching with topical antibiotics - 6-12 hrs
16. Stye / External Hordeolum
Acute suppurative
inflamm
Involves Lash follicle
and associated glands
of Zeis and Moll
17. Causative factors —
Habitual rubbing
Diabetes
children, young adults
pt with eye strain, refractive errors
causative organism — m/c Staphylococcus aureus
C/f —
acute pain , redness
lid swelling
watering
photophobia
Stages : stage of cellulitis —> stage of abscess
formation
18. Rx —
Hot compress
antibiotics topical
Systemic Nsaids, analgesics
Epilation of involved cilia and Pus evacuation
Systemic antibiotics for infection control
20. C/f —
Arise due to rubbing of
cilia against cornea &
Conjunctiva
Irritation
Grittiness/ FB sensation
Watering
Photophobia
Grades —
GD 1 : only posterior lid
border folled
2: inturning upto
interMarginal strip
Whole lid margin with
ant border inturned
21. Management —
Congenital :
Hotz procedure for senile entropion (excision of a
strip of skin & muscle f/b plastic reconstruction)
May resolve with time
Cicatricial :
Ant lamellar resection -
Tarsal wedge resection
Transposition of TarsoConjunctival wedge (modified
kessey’s operation) - tarsal fracture with eversion
Posterior lamellar graft
Senile : Weis operation ( full thickness horizontal lid
incision with everting sutures
Quickert procedure ( weis + horizontal tightening)
22. Jones (plication of lower lid retractors)
Transverse suturing and everting suture
weis -
Quickert -
Jones -
30. Margin reflex distance (MRD) -
distance between upper lid margins and corneal light reflex
Normal MRD : 4-5 mm
Levator function assessment -
asked to look down ->and thumb of one hand is placed
firmly against the eyebrow of the palient (to block the action of
frontalis muscle) .
Then the patient is asked to look up and the amount of
upper lid excursion is measured wilh a ruler
Normal - 15 mm
Good - 8mm or more
Fair. - 5-7 mm
Poor. - <4 mm
31. Other tests —
Tensilon test (i.v Edrophonium 1ml(10mg) in myasthenia)
Phenylephrine test
Neurological Investigations
Photographic record
Management :
Fasanella servat operation (Tarso conjunctival
mullerectomy ) - for Horner’s
Frontalis sling ( Brow suspension) - for severe ptosis with
no Levator function - for neurogenic ptosis
(conservative Mx for 6 months in neurogenic ptosis
later Sx options)
Levator resection
( 1- conjunctival approach/ Blaskowich’s operation
