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Uploaded byElizabeth Nolen
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Levers, Wheels And Axles, Pulleys

The document discusses different types of simple machines including levers, wheels and axles, and pulleys. It describes the basic components and functions of each type. There are three classes of levers defined by the position of the fulcrum relative to the force and load. Wheels and axles make it easier to move objects by applying force further from the axle. Pulleys can be fixed, movable, or a block and tackle system, with more complex pulley setups providing increased mechanical advantage. Common examples of each simple machine are also given.

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Levers 1 st Class Levers 2 nd Class Levers 3 rd Class Levers
What is a Lever? A lever is a simple machine that is used to lift things. It is made up of a bar (called the lever stick) and a support (called the fulcrum). Lever Stick Fulcrum
Everyday Examples of Levers See-Saw Nutcracker Wheelbarrow Broom Can you think of any more?
Parts of a Lever There are different parts and sections of a lever. You have the fulcrum and lever stick. You also have a force side and a load side. The relationship between the position of the load side, fulcrum, and force side determines what class of lever it is.
Classes of Levers There are three different classes of levers. 1 st Class: force side-fulcrum-load side 2 nd Class: force side-load side-fulcrum 3 rd class: load side-force side-fulcrum
1 st Class Lever Structure of the 1 st Class Lever: Force Side-Fulcrum-Load Side The see-saw is an example of a first class lever. The force needed to lift the load decreases when the fulcrum gets closer to the load side.
2 nd Class Lever Structure of a 2 nd Class Lever Force Side-Load Side-Fulcrum The wheelbarrow and the nutcracker are examples of a 2 nd class lever. Again, The force needed to lift the load decreases when the fulcrum gets closer to the load side.
3 rd Class Lever Structure of a third class lever Load Side–Force Side–Fulcrum The broom is an example of a 3 rd class lever. The load is the dirt or end of the broom, the force is your bottom arm, and the fulcrum is your top hand.
What type of lever am I (1,2,or3)? 1 st Class 1 st Class 2 nd Class 2 nd Class 3 rd Class 3 rd Class
Wheels and Axles Wheel and Axle
What is a Wheel & Axle? A wheel and axle is a simple machine consisting of a wheel that revolves (turns) around a post (axle). This simple machine makes it easier for us to move things from one place to another. The further the force is away from the axle, the easier it is to turn the wheel. This means that it is easier to turn a big wheel than a small wheel.
Pictures of Wheels and Axles
Common Examples
Pulleys Fixed Pulley Movable Pulley Block and Tackle
What is a Pulley? Pulleys are a kind of simple machine that consists of a rope that fits onto a wheel and changes the direction of a force. There are three kinds of pulleys. Fixed Pulley Movable Pulley Block and Tackle (combo of fixed and movable)
Fixed Pulley Wheel attached to surface Changes the direction of the applied force NO mechanical advantage – same amount of force is required
Movable Pulley Pulley moves along the rope Wheel supports the load Effort is in the same direction as movement Reduces the forces needed to move an object
Block and Tackle Has at least two wheels (one movable and one fixed) The more complex the pulley, the more the effort needed to move the object decreases
Common Examples Of Pulleys