National Policy Dialogue on “Improving Access to Green Finance for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Georgia”
→ Lessons from commercial banks’ experience with lending to green SME investments in Georgia – Matthew Savage
Sesison 2 - Presentation by Matthew Savage, Oxford ConsultingOECD Environment
This document discusses environmental finance through commercial financial institutions in Ukraine. It provides an overview of international financial institution (IFI) supported credit lines for clean energy investments in Eastern Europe and Central Asia totaling around €2 billion, including over €1 billion in Ukraine. It then examines Ukraine's high energy intensity and technical renewable energy potential. Key barriers to environmental finance are reviewed, including regulatory issues, financial institution risk perceptions, and lack of demand from end borrowers. Examples of IFI credit lines in Ukraine involving multiple banks and international organizations are provided, as well as a case study of a long-term environmental finance program through Ukreximbank in Ukraine. Success factors and ongoing challenges are discussed.
Session 2 - Presentation by Jan-Willem Van De Ven, EBRDOECD Environment
This document discusses Green Economy Financing Facilities (GEFFs) provided by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). The EBRD provides credit lines to partner financial institutions to on-lend for local green projects, along with technical assistance. The goal is to transition markets to a green economy by promoting higher performance technologies. Key aspects of GEFFs include eligibility criteria, technical support, and overcoming barriers to the adoption of green technologies. The EBRD has over 10 years of experience implementing over 120 GEFF programs that have financed over €4 billion in projects reducing CO2 emissions.
Session 6 - Presentation by Manuel Adamini, Climate Bonds InitiativeOECD Environment
The Climate Bonds Initiative works to mobilize debt capital markets for climate solutions. It informs the market through data and analysis, protects integrity through standards and certification, and cooperates through partnerships. Climate bonds are bonds linked to climate projects through use of proceeds. Issuers include governments, corporations, and securitized assets. There is huge investor demand for green investments. The green bond market has grown significantly in recent years but remains small relative to total debt markets. Empirical evidence is emerging that green bonds price tighter than conventional bonds, known as the "greenium".
Session 2 - Presentation by Christopher Knowles, Green for Growth FundOECD Environment
The document summarizes the Green for Growth Fund (GGF), a public-private partnership that invests in energy efficiency and renewable energy projects. It has raised €412 million in committed capital. GGF leverages public and private investments through a tiered capital structure. In the European Neighborhood Region East, GGF has financed over 5,200 projects totaling €84 million. To further scale up its impact, GGF will need new capital commitments, local currency solutions, support for innovative sectors and regulatory environments, and first loss capital.
Session 6 - Presentation by Liesel van Ast, UNEPOECD Environment
This document provides an overview of sustainable finance initiatives by UNEP FI. It discusses how financial institutions are working towards sustainable finance through leadership, knowledge development, and collaborative projects. It highlights opportunities in Eastern Europe around ecosystems, climate change, and accessing the Green Climate Fund. The document also outlines UNEP FI's 2017 regional roundtable in Geneva to scale up sustainable finance across banking, insurance, and investment in Europe.
Session 4 - Presentation by Andreas Lunding, Green Climate FundOECD Environment
The Green Climate Fund (GCF) was established by the UNFCCC to combat climate change and aims to keep global temperature rise below 2°C, with its Private Sector Facility (PSF) providing financing to catalyze private investment in climate projects in developing countries. The PSF offers various financial instruments like debt, equity and guarantees to unlock private climate finance and has already invested over $1 billion across 11 projects focusing on areas like renewable energy, energy efficiency and climate-resilient infrastructure.
This presentation by Adele Atkinson was made at the High-level Global Symposium on Financial Education: Promoting Long-term Savings and Investments in Korea which explored policies and good practices for supporting long-term savings and investments through financial education and financial consumer protection. Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/fin/financial-education/globalsymposiumonfinancialeducationforlong-termsavingsandinvestments.htm
Green Bonds and AFOLU: Updates and Prospects – Tanja Havemann, ClarmondialCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Clarmondial's Tanja Havemann was given at a session titled "Green Bonds and AFOLU: Updates and Prospects" at the Global Landscapes Forum: The Investment Case on June 10, 2015. For more, please visit http://www.landscapes.org/london/
Sesison 2 - Presentation by Matthew Savage, Oxford ConsultingOECD Environment
This document discusses environmental finance through commercial financial institutions in Ukraine. It provides an overview of international financial institution (IFI) supported credit lines for clean energy investments in Eastern Europe and Central Asia totaling around €2 billion, including over €1 billion in Ukraine. It then examines Ukraine's high energy intensity and technical renewable energy potential. Key barriers to environmental finance are reviewed, including regulatory issues, financial institution risk perceptions, and lack of demand from end borrowers. Examples of IFI credit lines in Ukraine involving multiple banks and international organizations are provided, as well as a case study of a long-term environmental finance program through Ukreximbank in Ukraine. Success factors and ongoing challenges are discussed.
Session 2 - Presentation by Jan-Willem Van De Ven, EBRDOECD Environment
This document discusses Green Economy Financing Facilities (GEFFs) provided by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). The EBRD provides credit lines to partner financial institutions to on-lend for local green projects, along with technical assistance. The goal is to transition markets to a green economy by promoting higher performance technologies. Key aspects of GEFFs include eligibility criteria, technical support, and overcoming barriers to the adoption of green technologies. The EBRD has over 10 years of experience implementing over 120 GEFF programs that have financed over €4 billion in projects reducing CO2 emissions.
Session 6 - Presentation by Manuel Adamini, Climate Bonds InitiativeOECD Environment
The Climate Bonds Initiative works to mobilize debt capital markets for climate solutions. It informs the market through data and analysis, protects integrity through standards and certification, and cooperates through partnerships. Climate bonds are bonds linked to climate projects through use of proceeds. Issuers include governments, corporations, and securitized assets. There is huge investor demand for green investments. The green bond market has grown significantly in recent years but remains small relative to total debt markets. Empirical evidence is emerging that green bonds price tighter than conventional bonds, known as the "greenium".
Session 2 - Presentation by Christopher Knowles, Green for Growth FundOECD Environment
The document summarizes the Green for Growth Fund (GGF), a public-private partnership that invests in energy efficiency and renewable energy projects. It has raised €412 million in committed capital. GGF leverages public and private investments through a tiered capital structure. In the European Neighborhood Region East, GGF has financed over 5,200 projects totaling €84 million. To further scale up its impact, GGF will need new capital commitments, local currency solutions, support for innovative sectors and regulatory environments, and first loss capital.
Session 6 - Presentation by Liesel van Ast, UNEPOECD Environment
This document provides an overview of sustainable finance initiatives by UNEP FI. It discusses how financial institutions are working towards sustainable finance through leadership, knowledge development, and collaborative projects. It highlights opportunities in Eastern Europe around ecosystems, climate change, and accessing the Green Climate Fund. The document also outlines UNEP FI's 2017 regional roundtable in Geneva to scale up sustainable finance across banking, insurance, and investment in Europe.
Session 4 - Presentation by Andreas Lunding, Green Climate FundOECD Environment
The Green Climate Fund (GCF) was established by the UNFCCC to combat climate change and aims to keep global temperature rise below 2°C, with its Private Sector Facility (PSF) providing financing to catalyze private investment in climate projects in developing countries. The PSF offers various financial instruments like debt, equity and guarantees to unlock private climate finance and has already invested over $1 billion across 11 projects focusing on areas like renewable energy, energy efficiency and climate-resilient infrastructure.
This presentation by Adele Atkinson was made at the High-level Global Symposium on Financial Education: Promoting Long-term Savings and Investments in Korea which explored policies and good practices for supporting long-term savings and investments through financial education and financial consumer protection. Find out more at http://www.oecd.org/daf/fin/financial-education/globalsymposiumonfinancialeducationforlong-termsavingsandinvestments.htm
Green Bonds and AFOLU: Updates and Prospects – Tanja Havemann, ClarmondialCIFOR-ICRAF
This presentation by Clarmondial's Tanja Havemann was given at a session titled "Green Bonds and AFOLU: Updates and Prospects" at the Global Landscapes Forum: The Investment Case on June 10, 2015. For more, please visit http://www.landscapes.org/london/
Green Finance for your Business - 24 March 2011WinterRuleLLP
Presentation from seminar hosted by Winter Rule LLP and Low Carbon Team at Cornwall Development Company on subject of finance available to cleantech businesses or low carbon business initiatives in Cornwall/South West.
This document discusses energy subsidies and subsidy reform in Eastern Partnership countries. It defines subsidies and describes the methodology used to quantify them. The largest subsidies go to natural gas, heat, and electricity, dominated by regulated prices below market rates. Ukraine has the largest fossil fuel subsidies, while subsidies to energy efficiency and renewables are negligible in comparison. Some countries have taken steps toward reform, like eliminating tax exemptions, but transparency around subsidies could still be improved.
Water.org uses several financing approaches to address the water and sanitation finance gaps faced by communities at the base of the pyramid. Their WaterCredit model partners with microfinance institutions to provide loans for water and sanitation, mobilizing over $1 billion in commercial capital. Their WaterEquity investment funds use blended finance with philanthropic and private capital to invest in water enterprises. Technical assistance helps attract private investment by mitigating risks. These approaches have enabled Water.org's partners to reach over 10 million people across 13 countries. Lessons learned indicate demand for financing, the need to align offerings with institutional needs, and addressing policy barriers to encourage investment.
The summary proposes a bike sharing program called WUride for Washington University students. It would allow students to rent bikes from docking stations located around campus for a nominal daily fee of $1 or an annual unlimited access option. Students could take a bike from any station and return it to any other station. The program would benefit students by providing affordable, flexible transportation that saves time and encourages exercise. It would also benefit the university by reducing energy use and traffic congestion while generating advertising revenue.
Collaboration with Financing Institutions presented by Alan Hall,GWP Senior ...Global Water Partnership
Collaboration with Financing Institutions presented by Alan Hall,GWP Senior Adviser and Chair of the EUWI Finance Working Group at World Water Week 2010
This document discusses governance standards for institutional investments and integrating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. It finds that few institutional investors currently consider ESG impacts in their investment processes. Governance standards are not seen as barriers to ESG integration, but regulatory frameworks provide limited explicit recognition of ESG issues. The document also outlines various infrastructure financing instruments, transaction enablers, risks, policy tools, and barriers to infrastructure investment. It concludes with the G20/OECD High-Level Principles on long-term investment by institutional investors.
Presented at the 4th Global Infrastructure Basel Summit 21 & 22 May 2014.
Read more about the world leading platform for Sustainable Infrastructure Finance at www.gib-foundation.org.
Next Summit: 27 & 28 May 2015 in Switzerland
Session 6 - Preasentation by Hulya Kurt, Industrial Development Bank of TurkeyOECD Environment
This document discusses the sustainable and green finance journey of Turkey. It provides an overview of TSKB Bank and Escarus Sustainability Consultancy, their strategies and services. It then outlines Turkey's progression in renewable energy, energy efficiency, and sustainable finance from 2004 to 2017. Key developments include new laws, strategies, and initiatives promoting renewable energy, energy efficiency financing, and resource efficiency. The document also presents data on TSKB Bank's renewable energy and energy efficiency portfolios. Escarus' services are aimed at capacity building, risk assessment, sustainability strategy development, research and reporting, and providing technical expertise to support sustainable finance.
World bank course presentation Jana ImrichovaJana Imrichova
This document discusses options for developing a financing strategy to promote energy efficiency retrofits in Armenia. It notes that buildings account for a large portion of Armenia's energy use and emissions. Energy costs burden many lower-income households. The document proposes using energy efficient retrofits but identifies barriers like lack of awareness, an immature market, and the high upfront costs retrofits pose for many. It assesses various financial instruments and recommends a package involving grants from the Green Climate Fund to subsidize low-income households, technical assistance, and concessional loans from the EIB to local banks to finance retrofits. The strategy aims to maximize private and public finance to achieve energy efficiency goals while ensuring affordability.
Green Finance: Business Opportunities and Role of Financial InstitutionsADFIAP
1) The document discusses the role of development finance institutions (DFIs) in supporting low-carbon investment and green growth through mobilizing private funding and providing financing support such as guarantees, insurance, and co-financing.
2) It outlines Japan Bank for International Cooperation's (JBIC) efforts to develop a "Joint Crediting Mechanism" (J-MRV) to quantify greenhouse gas emission reductions from low-carbon investment projects and apply it to their due diligence and project finance processes.
3) JBIC aims for J-MRV to serve as an internationally accepted methodology and help scale up low-carbon investment while preparing for future carbon market mechanisms.
Challenges for the Conference:A World Bank PerspectiveIwl Pcu
The document discusses challenges for international cooperation on transboundary waters from the perspective of the World Bank. It summarizes the World Bank's international waters portfolio and how projects fit into its country programs. It then discusses issues like environmental degradation, infrastructure expansion, data gaps, and financing that projects have tried to address through frameworks for cooperation. However, it notes there are also barriers like differences between countries, lack of capacity and governance, and short-term priorities that can constrain cooperation. It questions if the approach can work and discusses constraints the Global Environment Facility may be ignoring, like lack of country commitment and high transaction costs.
The document summarizes key points from the 3rd Annual OECD Green Investment Financing Forum held in Tokyo on October 13-14, 2016. It discusses the costs of climate inaction, climate-related financial risks, barriers to institutional investment in green infrastructure, and opportunities to scale up green finance through mechanisms like green bonds. The OECD is working to establish a new Centre on Green Finance and Investment to promote policies, institutions, and instruments to mobilize greater green finance and investment around the world.
Enhancing the ability of governments and other organizations to provide environmental programs in fair, effective, and financially sustainable ways through:
•Applied Research
•Education and Outreach
•Program Design and Evaluation
The document reviews progress towards aid effectiveness in the water sector in Bangladesh, Ethiopia and Uganda compared to other social sectors like health and education. It finds that in the countries studied, the water sector is not lagging behind health and education in implementing the Paris Principles of aid effectiveness and has achieved moderate to strong effectiveness. However, political commitment, capacity, and incentives are important factors that influence progress in all sectors. National systems, rather than just the sector, determine how well donors can align with these systems. Not all actors have signed on to aid effectiveness, which can pose hurdles.
This year the Forum will focus on creativity, jobs and local development. We will examine how localities can support culture and creative industries as a source of knowledge and job creation and how the creative industry can act as a powerful driving force areas such as tourism, urban regeneration, and social inclusion.
PwC is a global leader in project finance and infrastructure advisory, having closed 325 deals worth $99.9 billion over the last decade. They provide services across the entire asset lifecycle for major infrastructure sectors. While institutional investment in infrastructure is increasing, many projects remain delayed due to land acquisition issues, political/regulatory risks, and concerns over revenue and operating models. To attract more pension fund investment, governments must address illiquidity, lack of reliable business plans, and regulatory/geographic mismatches between projects and investors. Infrastructure bonds and specialized funds could help fill long-term financing gaps if the right market conditions are established.
The document discusses the role of the Development Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA) in mobilizing financing for green economy projects through mechanisms like the National Green Fund. It describes the types of funding and financing instruments provided by the Green Fund, including grants, loans, and equity, to support initiatives that promote renewable energy, low carbon development, and environmental management. The Green Fund aims to facilitate South Africa's transition to a greener economy through strategic investments across key sectors.
1. The document discusses green finance and public-private partnerships to promote green growth and address climate change issues.
2. It outlines Japan Bank for International Cooperation's (JBIC) green finance initiatives like "LIFE" which supports clean power, energy efficiency, water, and transportation projects through loans, equity investments, and cooperation with other development banks and private institutions.
3. JBIC also proposes new financial instruments like "GREEN" to scale up low-carbon investments using measurement, reporting and verification of emissions reductions.
Green Finance for your Business - 24 March 2011WinterRuleLLP
Presentation from seminar hosted by Winter Rule LLP and Low Carbon Team at Cornwall Development Company on subject of finance available to cleantech businesses or low carbon business initiatives in Cornwall/South West.
This document discusses energy subsidies and subsidy reform in Eastern Partnership countries. It defines subsidies and describes the methodology used to quantify them. The largest subsidies go to natural gas, heat, and electricity, dominated by regulated prices below market rates. Ukraine has the largest fossil fuel subsidies, while subsidies to energy efficiency and renewables are negligible in comparison. Some countries have taken steps toward reform, like eliminating tax exemptions, but transparency around subsidies could still be improved.
Water.org uses several financing approaches to address the water and sanitation finance gaps faced by communities at the base of the pyramid. Their WaterCredit model partners with microfinance institutions to provide loans for water and sanitation, mobilizing over $1 billion in commercial capital. Their WaterEquity investment funds use blended finance with philanthropic and private capital to invest in water enterprises. Technical assistance helps attract private investment by mitigating risks. These approaches have enabled Water.org's partners to reach over 10 million people across 13 countries. Lessons learned indicate demand for financing, the need to align offerings with institutional needs, and addressing policy barriers to encourage investment.
The summary proposes a bike sharing program called WUride for Washington University students. It would allow students to rent bikes from docking stations located around campus for a nominal daily fee of $1 or an annual unlimited access option. Students could take a bike from any station and return it to any other station. The program would benefit students by providing affordable, flexible transportation that saves time and encourages exercise. It would also benefit the university by reducing energy use and traffic congestion while generating advertising revenue.
Collaboration with Financing Institutions presented by Alan Hall,GWP Senior ...Global Water Partnership
Collaboration with Financing Institutions presented by Alan Hall,GWP Senior Adviser and Chair of the EUWI Finance Working Group at World Water Week 2010
This document discusses governance standards for institutional investments and integrating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. It finds that few institutional investors currently consider ESG impacts in their investment processes. Governance standards are not seen as barriers to ESG integration, but regulatory frameworks provide limited explicit recognition of ESG issues. The document also outlines various infrastructure financing instruments, transaction enablers, risks, policy tools, and barriers to infrastructure investment. It concludes with the G20/OECD High-Level Principles on long-term investment by institutional investors.
Presented at the 4th Global Infrastructure Basel Summit 21 & 22 May 2014.
Read more about the world leading platform for Sustainable Infrastructure Finance at www.gib-foundation.org.
Next Summit: 27 & 28 May 2015 in Switzerland
Session 6 - Preasentation by Hulya Kurt, Industrial Development Bank of TurkeyOECD Environment
This document discusses the sustainable and green finance journey of Turkey. It provides an overview of TSKB Bank and Escarus Sustainability Consultancy, their strategies and services. It then outlines Turkey's progression in renewable energy, energy efficiency, and sustainable finance from 2004 to 2017. Key developments include new laws, strategies, and initiatives promoting renewable energy, energy efficiency financing, and resource efficiency. The document also presents data on TSKB Bank's renewable energy and energy efficiency portfolios. Escarus' services are aimed at capacity building, risk assessment, sustainability strategy development, research and reporting, and providing technical expertise to support sustainable finance.
World bank course presentation Jana ImrichovaJana Imrichova
This document discusses options for developing a financing strategy to promote energy efficiency retrofits in Armenia. It notes that buildings account for a large portion of Armenia's energy use and emissions. Energy costs burden many lower-income households. The document proposes using energy efficient retrofits but identifies barriers like lack of awareness, an immature market, and the high upfront costs retrofits pose for many. It assesses various financial instruments and recommends a package involving grants from the Green Climate Fund to subsidize low-income households, technical assistance, and concessional loans from the EIB to local banks to finance retrofits. The strategy aims to maximize private and public finance to achieve energy efficiency goals while ensuring affordability.
Green Finance: Business Opportunities and Role of Financial InstitutionsADFIAP
1) The document discusses the role of development finance institutions (DFIs) in supporting low-carbon investment and green growth through mobilizing private funding and providing financing support such as guarantees, insurance, and co-financing.
2) It outlines Japan Bank for International Cooperation's (JBIC) efforts to develop a "Joint Crediting Mechanism" (J-MRV) to quantify greenhouse gas emission reductions from low-carbon investment projects and apply it to their due diligence and project finance processes.
3) JBIC aims for J-MRV to serve as an internationally accepted methodology and help scale up low-carbon investment while preparing for future carbon market mechanisms.
Challenges for the Conference:A World Bank PerspectiveIwl Pcu
The document discusses challenges for international cooperation on transboundary waters from the perspective of the World Bank. It summarizes the World Bank's international waters portfolio and how projects fit into its country programs. It then discusses issues like environmental degradation, infrastructure expansion, data gaps, and financing that projects have tried to address through frameworks for cooperation. However, it notes there are also barriers like differences between countries, lack of capacity and governance, and short-term priorities that can constrain cooperation. It questions if the approach can work and discusses constraints the Global Environment Facility may be ignoring, like lack of country commitment and high transaction costs.
The document summarizes key points from the 3rd Annual OECD Green Investment Financing Forum held in Tokyo on October 13-14, 2016. It discusses the costs of climate inaction, climate-related financial risks, barriers to institutional investment in green infrastructure, and opportunities to scale up green finance through mechanisms like green bonds. The OECD is working to establish a new Centre on Green Finance and Investment to promote policies, institutions, and instruments to mobilize greater green finance and investment around the world.
Enhancing the ability of governments and other organizations to provide environmental programs in fair, effective, and financially sustainable ways through:
•Applied Research
•Education and Outreach
•Program Design and Evaluation
The document reviews progress towards aid effectiveness in the water sector in Bangladesh, Ethiopia and Uganda compared to other social sectors like health and education. It finds that in the countries studied, the water sector is not lagging behind health and education in implementing the Paris Principles of aid effectiveness and has achieved moderate to strong effectiveness. However, political commitment, capacity, and incentives are important factors that influence progress in all sectors. National systems, rather than just the sector, determine how well donors can align with these systems. Not all actors have signed on to aid effectiveness, which can pose hurdles.
This year the Forum will focus on creativity, jobs and local development. We will examine how localities can support culture and creative industries as a source of knowledge and job creation and how the creative industry can act as a powerful driving force areas such as tourism, urban regeneration, and social inclusion.
PwC is a global leader in project finance and infrastructure advisory, having closed 325 deals worth $99.9 billion over the last decade. They provide services across the entire asset lifecycle for major infrastructure sectors. While institutional investment in infrastructure is increasing, many projects remain delayed due to land acquisition issues, political/regulatory risks, and concerns over revenue and operating models. To attract more pension fund investment, governments must address illiquidity, lack of reliable business plans, and regulatory/geographic mismatches between projects and investors. Infrastructure bonds and specialized funds could help fill long-term financing gaps if the right market conditions are established.
The document discusses the role of the Development Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA) in mobilizing financing for green economy projects through mechanisms like the National Green Fund. It describes the types of funding and financing instruments provided by the Green Fund, including grants, loans, and equity, to support initiatives that promote renewable energy, low carbon development, and environmental management. The Green Fund aims to facilitate South Africa's transition to a greener economy through strategic investments across key sectors.
1. The document discusses green finance and public-private partnerships to promote green growth and address climate change issues.
2. It outlines Japan Bank for International Cooperation's (JBIC) green finance initiatives like "LIFE" which supports clean power, energy efficiency, water, and transportation projects through loans, equity investments, and cooperation with other development banks and private institutions.
3. JBIC also proposes new financial instruments like "GREEN" to scale up low-carbon investments using measurement, reporting and verification of emissions reductions.
How do landscape initiatives find the financial support they need to get started, maintain operations, and improve outcomes? Who is investing in landscape management now, and what are the barriers to increased investment in the future? This presentation presents the findings of a major research project we undertook to determine the answers to these main questions.
By Seth Shames, Margot Hill Clarvis and Gabrielle Kissinger
2022 GGSD Forum- Session 4 Scene Setter-Celine KauffmannOECD Environment
Scene-setting presentation by Céline Kauffmann, Head of Division, SME and Entrepreneurship, OECD at the 2022 GGSD Forum, Session 4 "Stimulating green innovation in SMEs"
This document provides an overview of ESG principles and sustainable finance. It discusses key ESG factors including environmental, social and governance issues. It also outlines major international agreements and regulatory developments driving sustainable finance. Examples of sustainable financing instruments like green bonds, loans and sustainability-linked bonds are presented. The document concludes with two case studies, one on an ADB clean technology fund financing a geothermal plant, and another on a sustainability-linked corporate bond and credit facility.
This document summarizes green finance initiatives in Turkey, focusing on the role of TSKB bank. It outlines that Turkey has experienced rapid GDP and electricity consumption growth, leading to increased greenhouse gas emissions. TSKB has financed over 100 renewable energy, 50 energy efficiency, and 7 resource efficiency projects since the early 2000s. It has built internal expertise in evaluating these projects and developed credit lines with international financial institutions to support green financing. TSKB aims to continue expanding its sustainable financing activities and has received several awards for its leadership in this area.
Duke University researcher Ajmal Abdulsamad's presentation from June 2015 investigates the key trends that lead to success in public-private partnerships for development. The presentation looks at three cases: The Cocoa Sector in Indonesia; The Horticulture Sector in Kenya; and The Coffee Sector in Rwanda.
The document discusses sustainability practices in the financial sector. It outlines the need for sustainability in the sector, citing benefits like access to capital markets, cost savings, and risk mitigation. It describes some industry best practices like green bonds and priority sector lending policies. Globally, it discusses frameworks like the Equator Principles and initiatives by organizations to increase sustainable investment. In India, it recommends focusing on financing low-carbon development, clean energy deployment, sustainable policies and building financial sector capacities. Overall, the document provides an overview of sustainability in the financial sector globally and some key Indian perspectives.
Smallholder and SME Investment Finance (SIF) FundExternalEvents
https://webapps.ifad.org/members/eb/120/docs/EB-2017-120-R-26.pdf
IFAD plans to introduce the Smallholder and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise
Investment Finance Fund (SIF) to invest in smallholder organizations and rural
SMEs. This will be set up in an operating environment that
will jointly support agricultural value chains and apply de-risking mechanisms.
OECD presentation - Financing the energy transition in emerging and developin...OECD Environment
1) Meeting net zero emissions by 2030 will require $4 trillion annual investment in clean energy, mostly from private sectors using various financial instruments.
2) Public finance can play a catalytic role by de-risking investments and supporting reforms, but current levels are small and need to scale rapidly using additional concessional finance.
3) Blended finance combining public and private funds is growing but challenges include developing secondary markets and attracting more institutional investors through financial products that pool and aggregate projects across countries.
Arusha | Jun-14 | GVEP International - East Africa overviewSmart Villages
Presentation by Lindsay van Landeghem - Smart Villages Arusha workshop - June 2014
The workshop in Arusha explored the East African/Tanzanian environment for village energy, local case studies, challenges and opportunities, with a view to formulating policy recommendations for policymakers, funders, NGOs and other stakeholders the region. An important part of the workshop, and indeed the whole Smart Villages initiative work programme, was to gather evidence from existing projects that have provided or facilitated sustainable off-grid energy solutions in the developing world.The workshop gathered more than 50 experts, including policymakers, NGOs, off-grid energy entrepreneurs and others to look for solutions to providing energy to villages off the grid.
Mr. Toshiaki Ono-2022 ReSAKSS Conference PresentationAKADEMIYA2063
Access to finance is important for agricultural small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to make optimal use of production capacity, invest for future opportunities, respond to external shocks, and contribute to economic development through job creation and competitive agriculture value chains. However, there is currently a limited access to external finance for agriculture SMEs in Sub-Saharan Africa, with about 40% of agrifood processors in 14 countries identifying access to finance as a major constraint. Most capital and working capital comes from internal finances rather than banks. There is an estimated financing gap for agriculture SMEs that needs to be addressed, particularly in the "missing middle" between micro and large enterprises. Formal financing can be expanded through improving the enabling
The document introduces green banking guidelines issued by the State Bank of Pakistan for banks and financial institutions. It outlines the regulatory requirements for green banking, including developing environmental risk management procedures and reducing environmental impacts from banks' own operations. It then discusses key concepts of green banking like environmental risk assessment, green business facilitation, and reducing banks' own environmental impact. The roles and responsibilities of different departments in implementing green banking strategies are also covered.
The document describes the Energy Service Co-Fund (ESCO-F) model, which aims to attract private sector investment in energy efficiency projects for public facilities in developing countries. The ESCO-F will provide low-interest capital financing and technical support to de-risk projects and mobilize private funds. It will work with public sector clients like schools and hospitals to implement retrofits and replace outdated technologies. The goal is to both reduce energy costs for governments and lower carbon emissions through more efficient infrastructure.
DENEFF keynote - Assembling the jigsaw of energy efficiency financing. Steven...Steven Fawkes
The document discusses barriers to developing a robust energy efficiency financing market in Europe. It notes that while the potential benefits of energy efficiency are recognized, the market remains underdeveloped due to a lack of standardization, small project sizes, and few sources of financing. It argues that building capacity across the entire value chain, including the demand side, financial institutions, and supply side, is needed. Standardized tools and protocols for measurement and verification could help overcome barriers by streamlining transactions and enabling aggregation of projects. A healthy market would have standardized products, skills, tools for quantifying savings, and multiple sources of mainstream and large-scale financing.
This document discusses achieving no net loss or net positive impacts for biodiversity through implementing the mitigation hierarchy. It notes that while investments in development are growing, existing environmental processes do not ensure no net loss of biodiversity. The mitigation hierarchy of avoidance, minimization, restoration, and offsetting can help achieve net positive impacts if offsets provide measurable conservation outcomes to compensate for remaining impacts after prevention and mitigation. The document also discusses challenges and opportunities for different stakeholders like governments, companies, and financial institutions to work together to progress beyond compliance and adequately protect biodiversity.
The document introduces green banking guidelines issued by the State Bank of Pakistan for banks and financial institutions. It outlines the regulatory requirements for green banking, including developing policies and procedures to identify, assess, and monitor environmental risks. It defines green banking and culture, and discusses objectives like reducing vulnerability from environmental risks and facilitating sustainable development. Key areas of green banking are identified as environmental risk management, green business facilitation, and reducing banks' own environmental impacts. Roles and responsibilities for implementation are also covered.
Similar to Lessons from commercial banks’ experience with lending to green SME investments in Georgia (20)
OECD Green Talks LIVE | Diving deeper: the evolving landscape for assessing w...OECD Environment
Water is critical for meeting commitments of the Paris Agreement and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Our economies rely on water, with recent estimates putting the economic value of water and freshwater ecosystems at USD 58 trillion - equivalent to 60% of global GDP. At the same time, water related risks are increasing in frequency and scale in the context of climate change.
How are investments shaping our economies and societies exposure to water risk? What role can the financial system play in supporting water security? And how can increased understanding of how finance both impacts and depends on water resources spur action towards greater water security?
This OECD Green Talks LIVE on Tuesday 14 May 2024 from 15:00 to 16:00 CEST discussed the evolving landscape for assessing water risks to the financial system.
OECD Policy Analyst Lylah Davies presented key findings and recommendations from recent OECD work on assessing the financial materiality of water-related risks, including the recently published paper “Watered down? Investigating the financial materiality of water-related risks” and was joined by experts to discuss relevant initiatives underway.
Detlef Van Vuuren- Integrated modelling for interrelated crises.pdfOECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Thomas Hertel- Integrated Policies for the Triple Planetary Crisis.pdfOECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Jon Sampedro - Assessing synergies and trade offs for health and sustainable ...OECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Astrid Bos - Identifying trade offs & searching for synergies.pdfOECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Ruth Delzeit - Modelling environmental and socio-economic impacts of cropland...OECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Wilfried Winiwarter - Implementing nitrogen pollution control pathways in the...OECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Laurent Drouet - Physical and Economic Risks of Climate Change.pdfOECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
HyeJin Kim and Simon Smart - The biodiversity nexus across multiple drivers: ...OECD Environment
This OECD technical workshop will bring together leading experts on economic, biophysical, and integrated assessment modelling of the interactions between climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. The workshop will take stock of ongoing modelling efforts to develop quantitative pathways to study the drivers and impacts of the triple planetary crisis, and the policies to address it. The aim is to identify robust modelling approaches to inform the work for the upcoming OECD Environmental Outlook.
Case Study: Peptides-based Plant Protection Product (harpin proteins*) by Ros...OECD Environment
The seminar on Problem Formulation for the Risk Assessment of Biopesticides stemmed from a previous CRP-sponsored event on Innovating Microbial Pesticide Testing that identified the need for an overarching guidance document to determine when in vivo tests are necessary. Problem Formulation, a common practice in pesticide risk assessment, was highlighted as a useful approach for addressing uncertainties in data requirements for biopesticides.
The seminar featured presentations from various perspectives, including industry, regulatory bodies, and academia. Topics included the history and principles of Problem Formulation, industry perspectives on Problem Formulation and how it is applied internally for microbial pesticides, regulatory approaches, and specific case studies. The seminar provided an overview of the challenges, considerations, and potential solutions in harmonising Problem Formulation for biopesticide risk assessment. It emphasised the need for collaboration and discussion to develop Problem Formulation guidance for biopesticides.
CLE Contribution on the Assessment of Innovative Biochemicals in the EU Statu...OECD Environment
The seminar on Problem Formulation for the Risk Assessment of Biopesticides stemmed from a previous CRP-sponsored event on Innovating Microbial Pesticide Testing that identified the need for an overarching guidance document to determine when in vivo tests are necessary. Problem Formulation, a common practice in pesticide risk assessment, was highlighted as a useful approach for addressing uncertainties in data requirements for biopesticides.
The seminar featured presentations from various perspectives, including industry, regulatory bodies, and academia. Topics included the history and principles of Problem Formulation, industry perspectives on Problem Formulation and how it is applied internally for microbial pesticides, regulatory approaches, and specific case studies. The seminar provided an overview of the challenges, considerations, and potential solutions in harmonising Problem Formulation for biopesticide risk assessment. It emphasised the need for collaboration and discussion to develop Problem Formulation guidance for biopesticides.
Additional Considerations for Pesticide Formulations Containing Microbial Pes...OECD Environment
The seminar on Problem Formulation for the Risk Assessment of Biopesticides stemmed from a previous CRP-sponsored event on Innovating Microbial Pesticide Testing that identified the need for an overarching guidance document to determine when in vivo tests are necessary. Problem Formulation, a common practice in pesticide risk assessment, was highlighted as a useful approach for addressing uncertainties in data requirements for biopesticides.
The seminar featured presentations from various perspectives, including industry, regulatory bodies, and academia. Topics included the history and principles of Problem Formulation, industry perspectives on Problem Formulation and how it is applied internally for microbial pesticides, regulatory approaches, and specific case studies. The seminar provided an overview of the challenges, considerations, and potential solutions in harmonising Problem Formulation for biopesticide risk assessment. It emphasised the need for collaboration and discussion to develop Problem Formulation guidance for biopesticides.
Role of genome sequencing (WGS) in microbial biopesticides safety assessment ...OECD Environment
The seminar on Problem Formulation for the Risk Assessment of Biopesticides stemmed from a previous CRP-sponsored event on Innovating Microbial Pesticide Testing that identified the need for an overarching guidance document to determine when in vivo tests are necessary. Problem Formulation, a common practice in pesticide risk assessment, was highlighted as a useful approach for addressing uncertainties in data requirements for biopesticides.
The seminar featured presentations from various perspectives, including industry, regulatory bodies, and academia. Topics included the history and principles of Problem Formulation, industry perspectives on Problem Formulation and how it is applied internally for microbial pesticides, regulatory approaches, and specific case studies. The seminar provided an overview of the challenges, considerations, and potential solutions in harmonising Problem Formulation for biopesticide risk assessment. It emphasised the need for collaboration and discussion to develop Problem Formulation guidance for biopesticides.
Considerations for Problem Formulation for Human Health Safety Assessments of...OECD Environment
The seminar on Problem Formulation for the Risk Assessment of Biopesticides stemmed from a previous CRP-sponsored event on Innovating Microbial Pesticide Testing that identified the need for an overarching guidance document to determine when in vivo tests are necessary. Problem Formulation, a common practice in pesticide risk assessment, was highlighted as a useful approach for addressing uncertainties in data requirements for biopesticides.
The seminar featured presentations from various perspectives, including industry, regulatory bodies, and academia. Topics included the history and principles of Problem Formulation, industry perspectives on Problem Formulation and how it is applied internally for microbial pesticides, regulatory approaches, and specific case studies. The seminar provided an overview of the challenges, considerations, and potential solutions in harmonising Problem Formulation for biopesticide risk assessment. It emphasised the need for collaboration and discussion to develop Problem Formulation guidance for biopesticides.
How to Identify and Quantify Mixtures What is Essential to Know for Risk Asse...OECD Environment
The seminar on Problem Formulation for the Risk Assessment of Biopesticides stemmed from a previous CRP-sponsored event on Innovating Microbial Pesticide Testing that identified the need for an overarching guidance document to determine when in vivo tests are necessary. Problem Formulation, a common practice in pesticide risk assessment, was highlighted as a useful approach for addressing uncertainties in data requirements for biopesticides.
The seminar featured presentations from various perspectives, including industry, regulatory bodies, and academia. Topics included the history and principles of Problem Formulation, industry perspectives on Problem Formulation and how it is applied internally for microbial pesticides, regulatory approaches, and specific case studies. The seminar provided an overview of the challenges, considerations, and potential solutions in harmonising Problem Formulation for biopesticide risk assessment. It emphasised the need for collaboration and discussion to develop Problem Formulation guidance for biopesticides.
APVMA outcome-focussed approach to data requirements to support registration ...OECD Environment
The seminar on Problem Formulation for the Risk Assessment of Biopesticides stemmed from a previous CRP-sponsored event on Innovating Microbial Pesticide Testing that identified the need for an overarching guidance document to determine when in vivo tests are necessary. Problem Formulation, a common practice in pesticide risk assessment, was highlighted as a useful approach for addressing uncertainties in data requirements for biopesticides.
The seminar featured presentations from various perspectives, including industry, regulatory bodies, and academia. Topics included the history and principles of Problem Formulation, industry perspectives on Problem Formulation and how it is applied internally for microbial pesticides, regulatory approaches, and specific case studies. The seminar provided an overview of the challenges, considerations, and potential solutions in harmonising Problem Formulation for biopesticide risk assessment. It emphasised the need for collaboration and discussion to develop Problem Formulation guidance for biopesticides.
The U.S. Perspective on Problem Formulation for Biopesticides: Shannon BORGESOECD Environment
The seminar on Problem Formulation for the Risk Assessment of Biopesticides stemmed from a previous CRP-sponsored event on Innovating Microbial Pesticide Testing that identified the need for an overarching guidance document to determine when in vivo tests are necessary. Problem Formulation, a common practice in pesticide risk assessment, was highlighted as a useful approach for addressing uncertainties in data requirements for biopesticides.
The seminar featured presentations from various perspectives, including industry, regulatory bodies, and academia. Topics included the history and principles of Problem Formulation, industry perspectives on Problem Formulation and how it is applied internally for microbial pesticides, regulatory approaches, and specific case studies. The seminar provided an overview of the challenges, considerations, and potential solutions in harmonising Problem Formulation for biopesticide risk assessment. It emphasised the need for collaboration and discussion to develop Problem Formulation guidance for biopesticides.
Problem formulation for environmental risk assessment – Finnish case study: ...OECD Environment
The seminar on Problem Formulation for the Risk Assessment of Biopesticides stemmed from a previous CRP-sponsored event on Innovating Microbial Pesticide Testing that identified the need for an overarching guidance document to determine when in vivo tests are necessary. Problem Formulation, a common practice in pesticide risk assessment, was highlighted as a useful approach for addressing uncertainties in data requirements for biopesticides.
The seminar featured presentations from various perspectives, including industry, regulatory bodies, and academia. Topics included the history and principles of Problem Formulation, industry perspectives on Problem Formulation and how it is applied internally for microbial pesticides, regulatory approaches, and specific case studies. The seminar provided an overview of the challenges, considerations, and potential solutions in harmonising Problem Formulation for biopesticide risk assessment. It emphasised the need for collaboration and discussion to develop Problem Formulation guidance for biopesticides.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Lessons from commercial banks’ experience with lending to green SME investments in Georgia
1. Lessons from commercial banks’ experience
with lending to green SME investments in
Georgia
Matthew Savage
Director
Oxford Consulting Partners
Tbilisi 16-07-19
2. IFI supported environmental finance in EAP
• IFI credit line support for EAP clean energy investment
• EE/clean energy credit lines for local financial institutions since 2005
• EBRD, IFC, EIB, KFW, NEFCO, OeDB, multi-lateral (GGF, GCPF, CTF)
• SME/Industrial energy efficiency, residential, small-scale RE
• c. EUR 2bn in CIS region (50% in in EaP)
• 70+ local banks across CIS, c. 35 in EaP
• Average credit line 10-20m EUR (range of EUR 3m - 150m)
• Normally supported by dedicated IFI TA facility
3. SMEs in Georgia
• Economy has heavy reliance on SMEs (employment, GVA)
• Strong WB ‘Doing Business’ ranking supports SME development
• Established support programmes (e.g. Enterprise Georgia, GITA, AMPA)
• EU definitions of SMEs include many Georgian ‘corporates’
• High level of informality in SME sector means lower levels of regulatory oversight
• SMEs tend to be in lower added value sectors
• ‘Service economy’ has lower carbon intensity vs. regional norms
Category No of employees Annual revenue (EUR) Total assets (EUR)Assets
Single entrepreneur / micro 0-10 <2 000 000 <2 000 000
Small 11-50 <10 000 000 <10,000,000
Medium 51-250 <50 000 000 <43 000 000
Large >250 >50 000 000 >43 000 000
EU SME Definitions
4. SME access to finance
• Credit availability generally in line with other markets
• However
• Banking sector conservative – major banks with international shareholders, high ROE
• Georgian SMEs generally over leveraged with collateral constraints
• Significant collateral (200%) and interest rate (16-23%) lending requirements for micro/SMEs
• Short tenor and maturities make payback periods challenging
• Dollarization and currency risk
• Regional credit assessment is patchy
• Gap in market between microfinance and bank lending portfolios USD 10-30,000
• Limited non-bank financing (e.g. leasing, factoring, private equity)
• GoG provides SME interest rate/collateral support in target sectors
• Produce in Georgia, AMPA, Host in Georgia
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
%perannumgrowth
Credit Growth GDP Growth
5. Green finance in Georgia
• Financing needs
• USD 8.3 billion 2017-2030 for energy efficiency (NEEAP)
• USD 10.6 billion 2017-2030 for GHG abatement (LEDS)
• USD 2.4 billion for hydropower 2017-2030 (Third UNFCCC NC)
• USD 1.5-2.0 billion for climate change adaptation 2021-2030 (NDC)
• Approaches to scaling finance
• Dedicated agency for fund raising and blending of financial resources (NEEAP)
• National Green Investment Bank (LEDS)
• Blending budgetary, fiscal and external financing
• Credit guarantees
6. Georgia IFI Environmental Credit Lines
• 8 local banks/MFIs, c. 400m EUR since 2008
• Dedicated environmental products, blended with SME finance
EBRD EIB FMO GCPF GGF KfW OeDB
Bank of Georgia X X X X X
Bank Republic X X X
Basis Bank X
Credo Bank X
Crystal MF X
ProCredit Bank X
TBC Bank X X X X X
VTB Bank X
7. Green finance challenges in Georgia
• IFI credit lines normally targeted at larger SMEs
• Significant financing flows to hydropower development
• IFIs improve availability of capital, but still issued on commercial terms
• Opportunity costs for lenders vs. other less complex products
• Green microfinance available, but high cost of borrowing
• Equity facilities emerging (e.g. Caucasus Clean Energy Fund)
8. Key Barriers
• Demand side (Borrowers)
• Lack of information about energy/resource costs
• Poor energy management systems
• Supply side (Lenders)
• Perceptions of risk (technology)
• Additional costs (appraisal, monitoring, reporting)
• Lack of appreciation of cash flow benefits/project finance
• Green regulation
• Energy pricing, incentives
• Governance, enforcement
9. Key success factors
Financial
Engagement
• Access to longer term finance
• Concessionality
• Technical advisory (pipeline)
• Training and business support
• Minimise resource & reporting
Product
implementation
• Management commitment
• Resources and staffing
• Skills and capacity building
• Tools and methods
Marketing/cross selling
• Standard product structure
Market
Sustainability
• Strong investment climate
• Environmental policy support
• Access to finance
• Awareness
• Energy pricing
FI
Engagement
Product Delivery
Market
Sustainability
Donor/IFI Role Local FI Role Government Role
10. Recommendations: Policy strengthening
• Adopt pending legislation on energy efficiency and renewable energy
• Develop robust sub-regulation (buildings, appliances)
• Strengthen environmental enforcement, ratchet environment standards
• Reduce fossil-fuel subsidies to create market signals
• Green public procurement
11. Recommendations: Consider SME role
• Explicit policy consideration of the role of SMEs in the green transition,
• Understanding opportunities for and barriers to participation
• Consider SME participation in national climate strategies/programmes.
12. Recommendations: Improve access to finance
• Address wider issues of access to finance for SMEs
• Enabling sub-national access to credit
• Building SME financial literacy
• Exploring credit guarantees for SME lending
• Promoting non-bank financing (e.g. leasing)
13. Recommendations: Address barriers to credit
• Lower cost of green credit (interest rates)
• Improve borrowing conditions for SMEs (collateral requirements)
• Partnerships between national funds and banks (e.g. Enterprise Georgia)
• Mainstream environment into SME lending (e.g. EIB)
14. Recommendations: Scaling finance
• Increase scale of available finance at national level
• Green bond markets
• Pooled climate finance vehicles
• Central banking regulation and reporting
15. Recommendations: Raising awareness
• Raise awareness among SMEs around EE/RE
• Support the uptake of small scale energy management systems
• Promote the benefits of green investment and branding (e.g. tourism)