This document discusses complex formulas in Excel that use multiple mathematical operations and absolute vs relative cell references. It defines complex formulas as those involving more than one operation and explains the order of operations as: parentheses, exponents, multiplication/division, addition/subtraction. Examples show how to correctly evaluate formulas based on this order. The document also demonstrates how to write complex formulas in Excel and how to create absolute cell references using dollar signs to prevent references from changing when a formula is copied.