This document provides an overview of cell modification. It defines cell modification as specialized structures or modifications acquired by cells after division to benefit the cell. There are three main types of cell modification: apical, basal, and lateral. Apical modifications include cilia, flagella, microvilli, pseudopods, and extracellular matrix. Basal modifications include hemidesmosomes. Lateral modifications include tight junctions, adhering junctions, and gap junctions. Examples and functions of each type of modification are provided.

1. PRAYER

2. ATTENDANCE
SEPTEMBER 6, 2021

3. C H A P T E R 4
CELL
MODIFICATION
Prepared by:
MR. Amado Sarangay Banawa Jr.
Faculty, SHS Biology Department

4. LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
 Define cell modification
 enumerate and describe the three types of cell
modification
 characterize apical, basal and lateral cell
modifications
 give examples of apical, basal and lateral cell
modifications

5. OVERVIEW:
 Definition of Cell modification
 Three types of Cell Modification
 Examples of Apical, Basal and Lateral Cell
Modification
 Functions of the different Cell Modification

6. WHAT IS CELL MODIFICATION?
 Are specialized or modifications re-acquired by
the cell after cell division that helps the cell in
different beneficial ways

7. Cell
Modification
Apical
Cilia
Flagella
Microvilli
Pseudopods
Cell wall
ECM
Glycoprotein Collagen
Basal Hemidesmosomes
Lateral
Tight Junctions
Adhering Junctions
Gap Junctions

8. basement membrane
A Three types of cell junctions in animal tissues.
gap junctions
adhering junctions
tight junctions
free surface of epithelial tissue
plasmodesma
ER
cytoplasm
plasma membrane
cell wall
B Plasmodesmata are channels
that connect the cytoplasm and ER
of adjacent plant cells.

9. APICAL MODIFICATION
 Cell modification found on
the apical surface of the
cell
basement membrane
gap junctions
adhering junctions
tight junctions
free surface of epithelial tissue

10. APICAL MODIFICATION
Cilia and Flagella
Cilia are usually short,
hair-like structures that
move in waves
Flagella are long whiplike
structures
Formed from
microtubules

11. APICAL MODIFICATION
Cilia Flagellum

12. APICAL MODIFICATION
Villi and Microvilli
 Villi are finger-like projections
that arise from the epithelial
layer in some organs. They help
to increase surface area
allowing for faster and more
efficient adsorption
 Microvilli are smaller projections
that arise from the cell's surface
that also increase surface area
allowing faster and more
efficient absorption

14. APICAL MODIFICATION
Pseudopods
Temporary, irregular
lobes formed by
amoebas and some
other eukaryotic cells
Bulge outward to
move the cell or
engulf prey

15. APICAL MODIFICATION
Extra Cellular Matrix (ECM)
Compound secreted by the cell on its apical
surface
Cell wall is the extracellular structure in plant
cells that distinguishes them from animal cells
Glycoprotein is the main ingredient of ECM in
animal cells

16. APICAL MODIFICATION

17. BASAL MODIFICATION
 Cell modification found on
the basal surface of the
cell
basement membrane
gap junctions
adhering junctions
tight junctions
free surface of epithelial tissue

18. BASAL MODIFICATION
Desmosomes/Hemidesmosomes
 Anchoring junction on the
basal surface of the cell
 Rivet-like links between
cytoskeleton and extracellular
matrix components such as
the basal lamina that underlie
epithelia
 Primarily composed of keratin,
integrins and cadherins

19. BASAL MODIFICATION

20. LATERAL MODIFICATION
 Cell modification found
on the basal surface of
the cell

21. LATERAL MODIFICATION
Tight Junction
Act as barriers that
regulate the movement
of water and solutes
between epithelial layers
Prevent leakage of ECF

22. LATERAL MODIFICATION
Adhering Junction
Anchoring junction on the
lateral surface of the cell
Very similar to the
anchoring junction of the
basal surface of the cell
Fasten cells to one
another basement membrane
Three types of cell junctions in animal tissues.
gap junctions
adhering junctions
tight junctions
free surface of epithelial tissue

23. LATERAL MODIFICATION
Gap Junction
Also known as
communicating junctions
Closable channels that
connect the cytoplasm of
adjoining animal cells
Presence of connexon that
allow direct exchange of
chemicals between the
cytoplasm of two cells basement membrane
Three types of cell junctions in animal tissues.
gap junctions
adhering junctions
tight junctions
free surface of epithelial tissue

24. ASSIGNME
NT
Visit the link:
http://www.diffen.com/difference/Eukaryotic_Cell_v
s_Prokaryotic_Cell