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GENBIO students copy CELL SPECIALIZATION & MODIFICATION.pdf
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- 2. LEARNING COMPETENCIES 1.Explain the postulatesof the Cell theory 2.Describe the structure and function of major and subcellular organelles
- 3. LEARNING COMPETENCIES 1.Distinguish prokaryoticand eukaryotic cells according to their distinguishing features. 2.Classify different cell types (of plant/animal tissues) and specify the functions of each 3.Describe some cell modifications that lead to adaptation to carry out specialized functions (e.g., microvilli, root hair)
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- 5. SPECIALIZED CELLS INANIMALS CELL NAME FUNCTION ADAPTATION Red bood cell • Carry O2 throughout the body • No nucleus • Biconcave shape • Contains hemoglobin
- 6. CELL NAME FUNCTIONADAPTATION white bood cell • Plays an important role in the immune system • Irregular shape • Can produce antibodies and antitoxins SPECIALIZED CELLS IN ANIMALS
- 7. SPECIALIZED CELLS INANIMALS
- 8. CELL NAME FUNCTIONADAPTATION Sperm cell • Fertilize an egg cell to make a baby • Long tail to swim • With chemicals on the head for egg cell entry SPECIALIZED CELLS IN ANIMALS
- 9. CELL NAME FUNCTIONADAPTATION egg cell • Carries genetic material • Large and bulky SPECIALIZED CELLS IN ANIMALS
- 10. CELL NAME FUNCTIONADAPTATION nerve cell or neuron • Carry nerve impulses through the body • Long, thin axon • Branching dendrites • myelinated SPECIALIZED CELLS IN ANIMALS
- 11. SPECIALIZED CELLS INANIMALS
- 12. CELL NAME FUNCTIONADAPTATION Muscle cells • Facilitate movement • Elongated and elastic • Numerous mitochond ria SPECIALIZED CELLS IN ANIMALS
- 13. SPECIALIZED CELLS INPLANTS CELL NAME FUNCTION ADAPTATION guard cell • Regulate s rate of transpira tion • Cell wall has varying thickness
- 14. SPECIALIZED CELLS INPLANTS CELL NAME FUNCTION ADAPTATION Root hair cell • Absorbs water and minerals from the soil • Long and thin with large surface area
- 15. SPECIALIZED CELLS INPLANTS CELL NAME FUNCTION ADAPTATION Photosy nthetic cell • Produces food through the process of photosynth esis • Contains numerous chloroplas ts
- 16. SPECIALIZED CELLS INPLANTS CELL NAME FUNCTION ADAPTATION Xylem vessel • Transport water and minerals from the roots to other parts of the plants • Has lignin • Cells form a continuous tube
- 17. SPECIALIZED CELLS INPLANTS CELL NAME FUNCTION Epithelial tissue commonly seen outside as coverings or as linings of organs and cavities. It is characterized by closely-joined cells with tight junctions.
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- 19. EPITHELIAL TISSUE TISSUE NAMEFUNCTION cuboidal for secretion Simple Columnar brick-shaped cells; for secretion and active absorption
- 20. EPITHELIAL TISSUE TISSUE NAMEFUNCTION Simple Squamous plate-like cells; for exchange of material through diffusion Stratified Squamous multilayered and regenerates quickly for protection
- 21. EPITHELIAL TISSUE TISSUE NAMEFUNCTION Pseudo- Stratified Columnar for lining of respiratory tract; usually lined with cilia (i.e., a type of cell modification that sweeps the mucus)
- 23. ANIMAL TISSUES CONNECTIVE TISSUE BloodBone Connective Tissue Proper cartilage
- 24. EPITHELIAL TISSUE TISSUE NAMEFUNCTION Blood made up of plasma: contains water, salts and dissolve proteins, erythrocytes that carry oxygen (RBC), leukocytes for defense (WBC), and platelets for blood clotting.
- 25. EPITHELIAL TISSUE TISSUE NAMEFUNCTION Connective Tissue Proper (CTP) made up of loose connective tissue that is found in the skin and fibrous connective tissue that is made up of collagenous fibers found in tendons and ligaments.
- 26. EPITHELIAL TISSUE TISSUE NAMEFUNCTION Cartilage characterized by collagenous fibers embedded in chondroitin sulfate. Cartilage functions are cushion between bones.
- 27. EPITHELIAL TISSUE TISSUE NAMEFUNCTION Bone mineralized connective tissue made by bone-forming cells called osteoblasts which deposits collagen
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- 29. EPITHELIAL TISSUE TISSUE NAMEFUNCTION Muscle Tissue These tissues are composed of long cells called muscle fibers that allow the body to move voluntary or involuntary. This tissue is responsible for movements in our body
- 30. MUSCLE TISSUE TISSUE NAMEFUNCTION A. Skeletal striated: voluntary movements, attached to the skeleton B. Cardiac involuntary, located in the walls of the heart
- 31. MUSCLE TISSUE TISSUE NAMEFUNCTION A. Smooth not striated; involuntary, located in walls of hollow visceral organs
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- 33. MERISTEMATIC TISSUE The cellsdifferentiate into new tissue of the plant. Meristematic tissue is found at the meristems of plants
- 34. MERISTEMATIC TISSUE Apical meristem Lateral meristem are locatedat the growing points at the tips of roots and stems and results in an increase in the length of these structures.
- 35. MERISTEMATIC TISSUE Apical meristem Lateral meristem results inthe growth in thickness or width of woody roots and stems. This tissue is also called cambium
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- 38. PERMANENT TISSUE Epidermal tissue This isthe outermost layer of cells that covers the roots, stems, and leaves.
- 39. PERMANENT TISSUE Guard cells are bean-shaped epidermal cells that occur on either side of a stoma
- 40. PERMANENT TISSUE Root Hair cells The hair functionsto increase the surface area of the root to maximize the uptake of water and nutrients.
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- 42. PERMANENT TISSUE xylem tissue transport waterand mineral salts from the ground water through the roots to the stems and leaves.
- 43. CELL MODIFICATION Adaptations orchanges acquired by the cell after cell division that aids the cell in various beneficial ways
- 44. CILIA • Hair-like organelles Typesof cilia • Non-motile or primary cilia (sensory) • Motile (movement)
- 45. FLAGELLA • Long, whip-like structuresmade of protein filaments • Aids in movement
- 46. VILLI OR MICROVILLI •Small, slender, vascular, finger-like projections • Increases surface area to increase absorption
- 47. PSEUDOPODS • “false feet” •Temporary extension of the cytoplasm • Movement and ingestion (phagocytosis)