Immunization is the most effective way of protecting the human body from infectious disease. Immunization is a process by which an individual’s immune system become fortified by vaccine against an agent. Immunization program are an Integral and important part of the health activities of every country in the world. Immunization is the process whereby person is made immune or resistant to an infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine.

1. Clinical Teaching on
Immunization of Mother
and Child
Presented To:
 Ms. Deepshikha.
(Asst. Professor)
Presented By:
 Vipin Goyal
 1919103
 B.Sc. Nursing 4th year

3. Specific Objectives:
At the end of the teaching group will be able to:
 define the topic immunization.
 enumerate the objective of the immunization.
 discuss the importance of vaccination.
 describe the diseases prevented by immunization.
 elaborate the schedule of vaccination.
 educate about common side-effects after immunization.
 discuss condition for avoiding vaccination.
 describe the cold chain.
 summarize the topic immunization.
 conclude the topic immunization.

4. Definition:
 Immunization is the process whereby person is made immune or resistant to an
infectious disease, typically by the administration of a vaccine.
 Immunization is the most effective way of protecting the human body from
infectious disease. Immunization is a process by which an individual’s immune
system become fortified by vaccine against an agent.
 Immunization program are an Integral and important part of the health
activities of every country in the world.

5. Objectives of Immunization:
 Reducing infant mortality rate by giving vaccine against various diseases like
TB, polio, tetanus, diphtheria, etc.
 Reducing maternal mortality rate by immunization program.
 Controlling the infections of diseases to their carrier.
 Increasing the health levels and life expectancy of citizens by generating
prophylaxis against diseases.

6. Importance:
 Immunization forms one of the most important and cost effective
strategies for the prevention of childhood sickness and disabilities thus the
basic need for all children.
 Vaccine is totally safe and effective.
 It prevent morbidity and mortality.

7. Diseases prevented:
 BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin): for tuberculosis
 OPV: for polio
 Pentavalent:
1. Diphtheria: nose and throat infection
2. Pertussis: severe attack of irritating cough
3. Tetanus: muscular rigidity with painful spasm
4. Influenza (Hib): cough, chills, sweating, chest pain, fever
5. Hepatitis B: liver infection
 Rota Virus: for diarrhea
 Measles: fever, cough, rashes, running nose, watery eyes
 Vitamin A: for blindness

8. Immunization schedule
# For pregnant women:
 TD1: early in pregnancy, 0.5 ml, intra- muscular upper arm
 TD2: after 4 weeks of TD1, 0.5 ml, IM, upper arm
 TD Booster: if received 2 TD dose in a pregnancy within last 3 years, 0.5 ml,
IM

9. # For Children:
S. No. Age Vaccine Dose Route
1. At Birth
BCG 0.05 ml ID, Left upper arm
OPV-0 2 Drops Oral
Hep-B 0.5 ml IM, Mid thigh
2. 6 Weeks
Rota-1 5 Drops Oral
Penta-1 0.5 ml IM, Mid thigh
OPV-1 2 Drops Oral
IPV-1 0.1 ml ID, Right upper arm
PCV-1 0.5 ml IM, Mid thigh
3. 10 Weeks
Rota-2 5 Drops Oral
OPV-2 2 Drops Oral
Penta-2 0.5 ml IM

10. 4. 14 Weeks
Rota-3 5 Drops Oral
Penta-3 0.5 ml IM
OPV-3 2 Drops Oral
PCV-2 0.5 ml IM
IPV-2 0.1 ml ID
5. 9 Months
MMR-1 0.5 ml SC
Vit. A-1 1 ml Oral
JE-1 0.5 ml SC
PCV-Booster 0.5 ml IM
6. 16-24 Months
MMR-2 0.5 ml SC
Vit. A-2 1 ml Oral
JE-2 0.5 ml SC
DPT-B1 0.5 ml IM
7. 5 Years DPT-B2 0.5 ml IM
8. 10 Year, 16 Year TD 0.5 ml IM

11. Side effects and its Management:
 Child may experience with fever 1-2 days after the shoot.
 Soreness, redness, and swelling at the injection site.
 Give anti fever medicine.
 Provide plenty of fluids.
 Apply a cold compression at the site of injection.

12. When to avoid immunization?
 Child has high fever.
 He has a bad reaction to another immunization.
 He has had convulsions in the past.
 He has treatment for cancer.
 He has any illness which affects the immune system.
 He is taking medicine which affects the immune system.

13. Cold Chain:
 Cold chain is a system of storing and transport the vaccine, at a low
temperature from the place of manufacture to the acctual vaccination site.
 Walk in cold rooms at regional level.
 Deep freezers for making ice packs and storage of OPV.
 Ice lined refrigerator at PHC level.
 Vaccine carriers used to carry small quantity of vaccines.

14. Vaccine Vial Monitor(VVM):
 VVMs are small indicators that adhere to vaccine vials and change colour
as the vaccine is exposed to cumulative heat.
 The colour of the VVM central square indicates if the vaccine is safe for use
or not.

16. Research article:
 DISTRICT LEVEL ANALYSIS OF ROUTINE IMMUNIZATION IN HARYANA STATE: IMPLICATIONS
FOR MISSION INDRADHANUSH UNDER UNIVERSAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMME.
 Result: About 21% of children aged 12-23 months were partially immunized, while 4.3%
children aged 12-23 months had received no immunization. While the coverage of full
immunization was 74.7% at the state level. It varied from 95% in best performing district to
38% in poorest performing district.
 Conclusion: Wide interdistrict variations call for a need to consider changes in resource
allocation and strengthening of the government initiatives to improve routine immunizations
in these districts.
NOTE: This research was done by Department of Community Medicine and School of Public
Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

17. SUMMARY

18. CONCLUSION

19. Bibliography
 Park K., “Preventive and Social Medicine”, 17th edition,
Banarsi Das Bhanot Publishers.
Page No. 568 – 589
 B. T. Basavanthappa, “Community Health Nursing”, 2nd edition,
Jaypee publishers, Delhi.
Page No. 619 - 660