Lesson One - Introduction to Imperialism
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European powers expanded their empires in the late 19th century due to factors like industrialization which increased demand for raw materials and new markets, as well as growing populations in Europe which needed more space and jobs. Europeans established different forms of colonial control over conquered lands, ranging from settlement colonies to spheres of influence. Economic, nationalistic, cultural, and religious motives all contributed to the wave of imperialism during this time period.
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This document discusses the roots of Western imperialism between 1870-1914. It provides three main reasons for European imperialism: political, economic, and cultural. Politically, European leaders sought colonies as sources of troops and to increase national prestige. Economically, they wanted colonies for raw materials, new markets, and land for a growing population. Culturally, Europeans viewed non-Western peoples as primitive and aimed to spread Christianity and their cultural values. The document outlines different types of colonial control and provides examples of how imperialism impacted specific regions of Africa and Asia.
Wh me ch_17.1
European countries expanded their imperial control over much of the world between 1870 and 1914 due to various political, economic, and cultural motivations. Imperialists saw colonies as sources of troops and raw materials to fuel industrialization at home. Missionaries aimed to spread Christianity and modernization. European leaders sought stable supplies of raw materials for industry and new markets for manufactured goods. Nationalism also drove expansion to gain international prestige and power.
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The document discusses European colonial expansion between 1850-1914. It was driven by economic, demographic, political, and ideological factors. Economically, industrialized nations needed new markets and resources. Demographically, European populations were growing rapidly. Politically, governments wanted to increase their nation's power and prestige through acquiring colonies. Ideologically, there was a belief in the superiority of European civilization and that colonialism was bringing progress to less developed peoples. By 1914, most of Africa and Oceania were under European colonial rule, along with parts of Asia and North America. Colonialism had significant political, economic, social, and cultural impacts on both the colonized regions and international relations.
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This document discusses the roots of Western imperialism in the 19th century. It provides information on the different types of colonial control Europeans used, as well as the political, economic, and cultural reasons for their expansion. Politically, Europeans sought colonies for troops and naval power. Economically, they needed raw materials and new markets due to industrialization. Culturally, they viewed non-Western peoples as primitive and aimed to spread Christianity and their own values.
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This document discusses the roots of Western imperialism in the 19th century. It provides information on the different types of colonial control Europeans used, as well as the political, economic, and cultural reasons for their expansion. Politically, Europeans sought colonies for troops and naval power. Economically, they needed raw materials and new markets due to industrialization. Culturally, they viewed non-Western peoples as primitive and aimed to spread Christianity and their own values.
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The document provides an overview of the Industrial Revolution and its impacts. It discusses how the Industrial Revolution began in Britain and spread across Europe and the United States, aided by government policies. It also examines the social impacts of industrialization, including rapid urban growth, new social classes like the industrial middle class and working class, and the emergence of socialism as an ideology. The document notes both the benefits and costs of capitalism that arose from the Industrial Revolution.
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1. In the 19th century, European powers like Britain believed in their racial and cultural superiority, which helped justify their colonization of other regions and peoples.
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2) Key events included Napoleon's invasion of Egypt, the Greek war of independence from the Ottomans, and the Taiping Rebellion in China which resulted in 20-30 million deaths.
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Here are the key people and events I was able to identify from the document:
- Cecil Rhodes - British imperialist who helped establish British control over much of southern Africa in the late 19th century.
- Opium Wars - Two wars in the mid-19th century between Britain and China over British trade of opium. Led to treaty ports and spheres of influence in China.
- Sepoy Mutiny of 1857 - Uprising of Indian soldiers against the British East India Company's rule in India. Led to direct British control.
- Matthew Perry - American naval officer who forced Japan to open trade with the West through gunboat diplomacy in the 1850s.
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American Imperialism 1865-1914 saw a period of overseas expansion driven by economic, political, and cultural factors. The industrialization and development of modern military technology encouraged nations to seek natural resources and new markets abroad. Figures like Alfred Thayer Mahan and social Darwinism influenced growing American interest in expanding its influence outside North America. This led to acquisitions like Hawaii and involvement in Cuba's war for independence from Spain, culminating in the Spanish-American War and America gaining colonies like Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. Debate ensued over America's new role as a colonial power.
The age of Imperialism
The document discusses the Age of Imperialism between 1870 and 1914. It defines imperialism as the process by which powerful nations extended political and economic control over foreign territories. During this period, European powers aggressively built vast colonial empires across Africa, Asia, and Oceania due to various demographic, economic, political, scientific, and ideological factors. The major European colonial powers included Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Portugal, and Spain. They divided and occupied most of Africa at the Berlin Conference of 1885. Imperialism had both positive and negative consequences for both the colonizing powers and colonized peoples, bringing changes to economic and social structures globally.
Imperialism
The document discusses the rise and spread of European imperialism from the 15th century onwards. It covers the economic, political and ideological motivations for imperialism, different models of colonial rule used by European powers, and the impact on colonized regions in Africa, Asia, the Middle East and elsewhere. Resistance to imperialism is also mentioned.
Imperialism
Imperialism involved stronger nations dominating weaker countries politically, economically, and socially through colonialism, spheres of influence, and protectorates. There were several types and causes of imperialism in the 19th century, including seeking new markets and resources, civilizing missions, and Social Darwinism. European imperialism resulted in the colonization and exploitation of much of Asia and Africa during this period.
Imperialism Power Point
Imperialism is very similar to colonialism, with one major difference: colonial powers settle the countries of which they gain control, while imperial powers do not. The term “imperialism” does not seem to exist prior to the 1800s. Nineteenth-century imperialism was spurred in large part by the Industrial Revolution. The development of new industrial economies in the 1700s and 1800s necessitated the acquisition of raw materials and the desire to gain control of marketplaces; thus, by the mid-1800s, imperialistic actions of strong nations (most notably European nations) started to become policy.
1 Definition is from America: Pathways to the Present (New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005, p. 981).
8 ss - the age of imperialism 1850 -- 1914
1) European imperialism in the late 19th century was driven by industrialization and the need for new markets, resources, and land for military and trade posts.
2) Europeans scrambled to claim territories in Africa, dividing the continent at the 1884 Berlin Conference with little regard for local populations and cultures.
3) British imperialism expanded to control many regions including India, Nigeria, and Southeast Asia, often exploiting local peoples for economic gain and imposing colonial rule.
4) Western imperialism challenged Chinese sovereignty through the Opium Wars and unequal treaties, fueling Chinese nationalism, while Japan modernized and itself became an imperial power.
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European imperialism in the late 19th century was driven by economic, political, and ideological motives. Nations sought resources, markets, and believed in their racial superiority. While imperialism provided some benefits like infrastructure, it ultimately exploited and destroyed local cultures. The negative consequences included racism, economic exploitation, religious conversion that erased traditions, and spread of disease. Decolonization in Asia and Africa occurred in the mid-20th century as nationalism grew and maintaining colonies became too costly. Independence movements regained control for most former colonies.
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Between 1860-1914, Western European powers and the United States engaged in imperialism and colonial expansion throughout Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Technological advances like steamships allowed Western nations to establish colonies to gain access to raw materials and new markets. By 1914, Europe had colonized almost all of Africa and Asia. Colonial rule exploited local populations and economies but also introduced new infrastructure, technologies, and education systems. Over time, this led to the rise of nationalist independence movements seeking self-rule in the colonized regions.
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The document provides an overview of European imperialism in Africa from the early 1800s to 1914. It discusses factors that prompted European imperialism like nationalism, demand for resources from industrialization, and feelings of cultural/racial superiority. It then describes how European powers came to control most of Africa through exploration, missionary activities, and the Berlin Conference which partitioned African territory to prevent conflict between European nations over claims in Africa. Resistance to European rule is also mentioned. Key figures like Livingstone, Stanley, and the activities of countries like Britain, France, and Belgium in places like North Africa, Egypt and the Congo are summarized.
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Industrialized nations in Europe and later Japan strengthened control over their colonies in the 18th and 19th centuries, establishing transoceanic empires throughout Asia, Africa, and the Pacific. They did so to gain access to raw materials, markets, and strategic locations in order to fuel their growing industrial economies. Western nations used their military and economic might to partition and dominate regions like Africa and India, often exploiting local populations and disrupting traditional ways of life, while spreading their culture and technologies. This wave of imperialism was driven by Western industrialization and notions of racial and cultural superiority.
Student Questions on Imperialism - 3A
1) It was hardest for Europeans to conquer Ethiopia, as Italy failed in its attempt due to Menelik's foresight in arming Ethiopia against them.
2) World War 1 effectively ended the Age of Imperialism as European powers no longer had the resources to focus on imperial expansion.
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The document provides an introduction to European imperialism between the mid-19th and early 20th centuries. It defines imperialism as one nation dominating another's economy, government, and culture. The key motives for European imperialism were nationalism, racism/ethnocentrism, industrialization/capitalism, and a sense of adventure. Spain and Portugal were early imperial powers in the 15th-16th centuries, conquering Latin America and Africa for gold, religion, and glory. By the early 20th century, Europe controlled 96% of Africa due to military advantages, medicine like quinine, and dividing African tribes against each other.
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1. European nations scrambled for political and economic control over foreign nations in the late 19th century, sparking a new wave of imperialism in Africa and Asia.
2. At the Berlin Conference in 1884-1885, European powers established rules for colonizing African territories that required effective military occupation to claim land.
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The document provides definitions and context about European imperialism between 1870-1914. It discusses the motives and causes of late 19th century European imperialism including economic factors, nationalism, social Darwinism, and the white man's burden. Specific examples of European colonialism are given for Britain, France, Germany, and the United States in Africa and Asia during this era of imperialism.
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1) The passage discusses the origins and impacts of colonialism, which framed how Europeans viewed development. Europeans saw colonized peoples as backward and in need of European guidance.
2) Colonialism disrupted indigenous cultures and economies by extracting resources and imposing hierarchies. It also led Europeans to view their culture as superior and a model for less developed societies.
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Lesson One - Introduction to Imperialism
- 1. CHAPTER 17.1 The Age of Imperialism Section 1: The Roots of Western Imperialism Objectives: Explain why Europeans looked outside their own countries for raw materials and markets. List reasons, other than industrialization, that led Europeans to establish colonies and expand their empires. Describe the development of imperialism, including the different types of colonial relationships that existed.
- 2. SECTION 1 The Roots of Western Imperialism At the end of the 18th century colonialism seemed to have become a thing of the past. Britain had lost its Thirteen Colonies in America, Spain and Portugal had lost most of South America and Holland was having difficulties holding onto the East Indies.
- 3. SECTION 1 The Roots of Western Imperialism A hundred years later, however, a second wave of colonisation took place. Within twenty years, from 1880 to 1900, every corner of the Earth, from the highest mountains in the Himalayas to the most remote Pacific island and Antarctica, came to be claimed by one or other European power. How did they come to control most of the world?
- 4. SECTION 1 The Roots of Western Imperialism 1870-1914 Height of the Age of Imperialism …when one country takes control of another country.
- 5. SECTION 1 The Roots of Western Imperialism Types of Control • Settlement colonies • Dependent colonies • Protectorates • Spheres of influences
- 6. SECTION 1 The Roots of Western Imperialism Settlement colonies ~ Australia …large groups of people from one country living together in a new place.
- 7. SECTION 1 The Roots of Western Imperialism Dependent Colonies …European officials would rule non-European people.
- 8. SECTION 1 The Roots of Western Imperialism Protectorate …local ruler keeps his title but the Europeans had the REAL power and controlled the area.
- 9. SECTION 1 The Roots of Western Imperialism Spheres of Influence …an area where one nation has a special interest and other nations agree to respect those special interests.
- 10. SECTION 1 The Roots of Western Imperialism Nationalism! …nations believed that others would respect them more if they had colonies. BONUS! More colonies = more manpower for troops! BIGGER ARMIES!
- 11. SECTION 1 The Roots of Western Imperialism Navies were rapidly becoming more important, especially for colonization. Location, location, location! Tiny islands with nothing but strategic location became EXTREMELY important!
- 12. SECTION 1 The Roots of Western Imperialism There were also many ECONOMIC REASONS for imperialism…
- 13. SECTION 1 The Roots of Western Imperialism What pushed imperialism in the 19th century? Industrialization! • Raw materials • New markets
- 14. SECTION 1 The Roots of Western Imperialism Rapid population growth accompanied industrialization. More people need more jobs AND more space.
- 15. SECTION 1 The Roots of Western Imperialism Cultural Motives People were considered lacking if their religion or culture differed from the West. They thought non-Western people were primitive – “half-devil and half child.” They used this idea to justify imposing their own values and cultural ideas on other peoples.
- 16. Political Cartoon The Roots of Western Imperialism
- 17. SECTION 1 The Roots of Western Imperialism Missionaries Christian missionaries hoped to convert people, but they did other work as well. Medicine, hygiene, and sanitation spread along with Christianity.
- 18. SECTION 1 The Roots of Western Imperialism Now, let’s look at some visual sources and political cartoons…
- 19. Political Cartoon The Roots of Western Imperialism
- 20. Political Cartoon The Roots of Western Imperialism
- 21. Political Cartoon The Roots of Western Imperialism
- 22. Political Cartoon The Roots of Western Imperialism
- 23. SECTION 1 The Roots of Western Imperialism