Speech acts are utterances that speakers use to achieve intended effects such as apologies, greetings, requests, complaints, invitations, compliments, or refusals. There are three types of speech acts: locutionary acts are the actual utterance, illocutionary acts are the social function or purpose of the utterance, and perlocutionary acts are the resulting effects of the utterance based on context. Additionally, Searle classified illocutionary acts into five categories: assertives express beliefs, directives try to make the listener perform an action, commissives commit the speaker to future actions, expressives convey feelings or reactions, and declarations bring about external changes through language alone.
What is 21st Century Literature? What are the different formats used by today's writers? Why should it be studied by senior high school students? I used these slides in one of our class discussions. I hope this could help senior high school teachers teaching literature.
As for the video, you may go to YouTube and look for Juan Miguel Severo's Ito na ang Huling Tulang Isusulat ko Para Sayo.
This slide is a ready lecture presentation that Teachers of Oral Communication can use for their students. This power presentation is systematically created for the students' and teachers' easy comprehension and lecturing respectively.
Subject: Oral Communication
Unit II - "Strategies in Various Speech Situation"
This unit focuses on the various ways and situations in which people communicate. It discusses how a communicator's style of speaking changes according to the context and how statements elicit various responses from listeners
Speech Act Theory is an important area of study in Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis. Its focus lies in describing the features of language in use. It has provided us with a framework of principles and models to explain the contextualized use of language. The presentation discusses various concepts of Speech act theory like sense and force; constatives and performatives; locution, illocution and perlocution; kinds of speech acts and felicity conditions.
What is 21st Century Literature? What are the different formats used by today's writers? Why should it be studied by senior high school students? I used these slides in one of our class discussions. I hope this could help senior high school teachers teaching literature.
As for the video, you may go to YouTube and look for Juan Miguel Severo's Ito na ang Huling Tulang Isusulat ko Para Sayo.
This slide is a ready lecture presentation that Teachers of Oral Communication can use for their students. This power presentation is systematically created for the students' and teachers' easy comprehension and lecturing respectively.
Subject: Oral Communication
Unit II - "Strategies in Various Speech Situation"
This unit focuses on the various ways and situations in which people communicate. It discusses how a communicator's style of speaking changes according to the context and how statements elicit various responses from listeners
Speech Act Theory is an important area of study in Pragmatics and Discourse Analysis. Its focus lies in describing the features of language in use. It has provided us with a framework of principles and models to explain the contextualized use of language. The presentation discusses various concepts of Speech act theory like sense and force; constatives and performatives; locution, illocution and perlocution; kinds of speech acts and felicity conditions.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
2. Speech act-
is an utterance that a speaker makes to
achieve an intended effect. Some of the
functions which are carried out using
speech acts are offering an apology,
greeting, request, complaint, invitation,
compliment, or refusal. A speech act might
contain just one word or several words or
sentences. For example, “thanks” and
“thank you for always being there for me. I
really appreciate it” both show appreciation
regardless of the length of the statement.
3. T Y P E S O F U T T E R A N C E :
1 . P E R F O R M A T I V E S - I T I S A T Y P E
O F U T T E R A N C E T H A T V E R B S
E X E C U T E T H E S P E E C H A C T T H A T
T H E Y I N T E N D T O E F F E C T .
2 . C O N S T A T I V E S - S T A T E M E N T/ S
U T T E R A N C E - A S P O K E N W O R D , S T A T E M E N T , O R V O C A L S O U N D
- T H E A C T I O N O F S A Y I N G O R E X P R E S S I N G S O M E T H I N G A L O U D
( R E M A R K , C O M M E N T , W O R D , S T A T E M E N T , O B S E R V A T I O N ,
D E C L A R A T I O N , P R O N O U N C E M E N T , E T C . )
4. THREE TYPES OF SPEECH ACT
ACCORDING TO J. L. AUSTIN (1962), A PHILOSOPHER OF
LANGUAGE AND THE DEVELOPER OF THE SPEECH ACT
THEORY, THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF ACTS IN EVERY
UTTERANCE, GIVEN THE RIGHT CIRCUMSTANCES OR CONTEXT.
THESE ARE:
1. LOCUTIONARY ACT IS THE ACTUAL ACT OF UTTERING.
“PLEASE DO THE DISHES.”
2. ILLOCUTIONARY ACT IS THE SOCIAL FUNCTION OF WHAT IS SAID.
BY UTTERING THE LOCUTION “PLEASE DO THE DISHES,”
THE SPEAKER REQUESTS THE ADDRESSEE TO WASH THE
DISHES.
3. PERLOCUTIONARY ACT IS THE RESULTING ACT OF WHAT IS
SAID. THIS EFFECT IS BASED ON THE PARTICULAR
CONTEXT IN WHICH THE SPEECH ACT WAS MENTIONED.
“PLEASE DO THE DISHES” WOULD LEAD TO THE
ADDRESSEE WASHING THE DISHES.
5. Searle’s Classifications of Speech Act
As a response to Austin’s Speech Act
Theory, John Searle (1976), a professor
from the University of California, Berkeley,
classified illocutionary acts into five distinct
categories.
1. Assertive – a type of illocutionary act in which the speaker
expresses belief about the truth of
a proposition. Some examples of an assertive act are
suggesting, putting forward, swearing,
boasting, and concluding.
Example:
No one makes better pancakes than I do.
6. 2. Directive – a type of illocutionary act in which the speaker
tries to make the addressee perform an action. Some
examples of a directive act are asking, ordering, requesting,
inviting, advising, and begging.
Example:
Please close the door.
3. Commissive – a type of illocutionary act which commits the
speaker to doing something in the future. Examples of a
commissive act are promising, planning, vowing, and betting.
Example:
From now on, I will participate in our group activity.
4. Expressive – a type of illocutionary act in which the
speaker expresses his/her feelings or emotional reactions.
Some examples of an expressive act are thanking,
apologizing, welcoming, and deploring.
Example:
I am so sorry for not helping out in our group projects and
letting you do all the work.
7. 5. Declaration – a type of illocutionary act which brings a
change in the external situation.
Simply put, declarations bring into existence or cause the
state of affairs which they refer to.
Some examples of declarations are blessing, firing, baptizing,
bidding, passing a sentence,
and excommunicating.
Example:
You are fired!
By saying that someone is fired, an employer causes or brings
about the person’s
unemployment, thus changing his external situation.