The document discusses the four main types of tissues that make up the human body: connective, muscle, nerve, and epithelial tissue. It focuses on bones and their main functions of support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and serving as sites for muscle attachment. There are four main types of bones: long bones, which make up the framework of the body; short bones, found in the wrist and ankle; flat bones, like those in the skull; and irregular bones, like vertebrae. Key features of long bones are described, including the shaft (diaphysis), ends (epiphyses), growth plates, and periosteum covering. Common anatomical landmarks found on bones are also defined, such as tub

1. KINETIC ANATOMY
BONES
Lesson 1

2. General Concepts
Bones….
- defined simply as the
structure of organisms
pertaining to mankind.

3. General Concepts
The body is made up of four
different types of tissues.
CONNECTIVE TISSUES
- makes up bone, cartilage,
and soft tissue such as skin,
fascia, tendons and ligaments.

4. Human Anatomy
MUSCLE TISSUE
-is divided into three
types:Skeletal, which moves the
parts of skeleton;Cardiac which
causes the pumping of the heart;
and Smooth which lines the
arterial walls and other organs of
the body.

5. Human Anatomy
NERVE TISSUE is divided into
neurons, which conduct impulses
involving the brain, the spinal
cord, spinal nerves and cranial
nerves, and neuroglia, which
are specifically involved in the
cellular process that support the
neurons both metabolically and
physically.

6. Human Anatomy
EPITHELIAL TISSUE all are
involved with the structures of
the respiratory, gastrointestinal,
urinary and reproductive system.

7. Bones
Functions:
 support
 protection
 movement
 mineral storage
 cell for motivation

8. Bones
Arrangements of bones that form
joints and the muscular
attachments to those bones
determine movement.

9. Long Bones
The bones that provide the
framework for the body and that
make movement possible.

10. Long Bones
A long bone has a shaft
or central part, known as
Diaphysis.
Two large prominences
at either end of the
diaphysis known as
Epiphyses.

11. Long Bones
Early in life the
epiphyses is separated
from the diaphysis by a
cartilaginous structure
known as the Epiphyseal
plate. It is from these
that the bone grows;
often referred to as
growth plate.

12. Long Bones
Once a bone has
reached its maximum
length (maturity), the
epiphyseal plate “closes”
(bone tissue has totally
replaced the
cartilaginous tissue), and
the epiphysis and
diaphysis become one
continuous structure.

13. Long Bones
Around the entire bone is
a layer of tissue known
as the Periosteum,
where bone cells are
produced. Additionally,
the very ends of each
bone’s epiphyses are
covered with a material
known as Articular
cartilage.

14. Long Bones
This covering provides
for smooth movement
between the bones that
make up a joint and
protects the end of the
bone from wear and tear.

15. Short Bones
Short bones differ from
long bones in that they
possess no diaphysis
and are fairly
symmetrical.
Bones in the wrist and
ankle are examples of
short bones.

16. Flat Bones
Flat bones, such as the bones of
the head, chest and shoulder;
get their name from their flat
shape.

17. Irregular Bones
Irregular bones are simply bones
that cannot be classified as long,
short or flat. The best example of
an irregular bone is a vertebrae
of the spinal column.

18. Sesamoid Bones
A fifth type of bone,
known as sesamoid
bones, which are small,
nodular bones
embedded in tendon.
These oval bones are
free floating bones
usually found within
tendons of the muscles.

19. Features
Several terms are
commonly used to
describe features of
bones. These features
are usually referred to as
anatomical landmarks
and are basic to one’s
anatomical vocabulary.

20. Tuberosity
A tuberosity on the bone
is a large bump, a
rounded prominence
especially: a large
prominence on a bone
usually serving for the
attachment of muscles or
ligaments.

21. Tubercle
A tubercle is a smaller
bump.
All three of these bony
prominences usually
serve as the attachment
for other structures.

22. Process
A process is a projection or
outgrowth of tissue from a bone.

23. Spinous Process
A spine is typically a longer and
thinner projection of bone, unlike
any of the previously mentioned
prominences.

24. Condyles
The large bony knobs at either
end of a long bone .

25. Articular Surface
The part of the condyle that
articulates (joins) with another
bone.

26. Epicondyles
Smaller bony knobs that
sometimes appear
above the condyles of a
bone.

27. Fossa
A smooth, hollow surface on a
bone and usually functions as a
source of attachment for other
structures.

28. Facet
A smaller and flatter smooth
surface also serves for
attachment of other structures.

29. Notch
An area on a bone that appears
to be cut out allows for the
passage of other structures such
as blood vessels or nerves.

30. Foramen
Similar in function to a notch but
appearing as a hole in a bone.

31. Thank you!