Lesson 2-1 - Math 8 - W4Q1_The Cartesian Coordinate System.pptx
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This document provides information about the Cartesian coordinate system developed by René Descartes, including: - It consists of two perpendicular number lines (axes) that intersect at their zero point (origin). - The x-axis is horizontal and the y-axis is vertical. - Points on the plane are represented by an ordered pair (x, y) called coordinates, where x is the x-coordinate (abscissa) and y is the y-coordinate (ordinate).
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The rectangular coordinate system (also known as Cartesian plane) was developed by René Descartes and uses two perpendicular number lines (x-axis and y-axis) that intersect at the origin (0,0) to locate points in a plane. Any point is identified with an ordered pair (x,y) denoting its distances from the x-axis and y-axis. The axes divide the plane into four quadrants, and points can be plotted or identified from their coordinates.
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The document discusses coordinate systems, ordered pairs, relations, and graphing ordered pairs on a coordinate plane. It defines a coordinate system as using two number lines that meet at right angles to locate points, with the x-axis and y-axis intersecting at the origin. Ordered pairs use the x-coordinate as the first number and y-coordinate as the second number to specify the location of a point. Relations show the connections between inputs and outputs and can be represented by ordered pairs, tables, or graphs.
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Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
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- 3. Rene Descartes A French mathematician and philosopher Cartesian Coordinate System In mathematics, a grid or a rectangular coordinate system is also used to locate a point. It consists of two perpendicular number lines or axes that intersect at their zero coordinates.
- 4. Coordinates of a Point Cartesian Coordinate System Constructed by drawing a horizontal number line and a vertical number that intersect to form right angles at a point called the origin X –axis - horizontal line Y – axis – a vertical line ( x, y) – called coordinates x-coordinate – abscissa y-coordinate - ordinate
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