Osaka presentation course lesson 2

3. University of Osaka
Presentation Course
INTRODUCTION

4. Preparing Presentations

5. Preparing Presentations
• There are of course many factors which
influence the style of a presentation:
– What is the purpose of the presentation?
– How many people are in the audience?
– How "formal" is the overall situation? etc.
• Another significant factor is the country and
culture where the presentation is being
made.

6. Training (reader p.4)
• When you give a presentation in your culture, which of the following do you
do? Choose and put in sequence. If any steps are missing add them in
yourself.
[___] Tell a joke. [___] Make a general statement
[___] Refer to visuals. [___] Ask the audience to introduce themselves.
[___] Ask questions. [___] Summarise.
[___] State your objectives. [___] Smile at the audience.
[___] Take your jacket off. [___] Look serious to inspire confidence.
[___] _____________________ [___] _____________________

7. Training (reader p.4)
From your own experience of attending presentations, have
you noticed any major differences in national styles?

8. Giving Presentations
Openings, Signposting, and Survival
Tactics

9. Effective Openings
• The first three minutes of a presentation are the most
important.
• The speaker needs a ‘hook’, a simple technique for
getting attention.
• A good start makes the speaker feel confident.

10. Effective Openings
• Three ways of ‘hooking’ your audience:
– Give them a problem to think about.
– Give them some amazing facts.
– Give them a story or a personal anecdote.

11. Effective Openings
• Problem Technique
1. Suppose ……………………………………
How would you ……………………………
2. Have you ever wondered why it is that …..?
You have? Well, if I could show you ………
….. would you be interested?
3. How many people here this morning ……..?
Well, imagine ………………………………
….. Do you think that is possible?

12. Effective Openings
• Amazing Facts Technique
1. Did you know that ………………………..?
2. According to the latest study, ………..….,
3. Statistics show that ………………………..
4. I read somewhere the other day that ……

13. Effective Openings
• Story/ Anecdote Technique
1. You know, ………………………………..
When I think about ……………………….
I’m reminded of …………………………..
2. Have you ever been in a situation where
…………….?
I remember when …………………………
It turned out ……………………………….

14. Training
You are going to watch a presentation about ‘What it
takes to do extreme astrophysics’, done by Anil
Ananthaswamy. Watch the video and discuss with a
partner:
– What is the presenters purpose?
– What kind of ‘hook’ does he use?
– What is the effect of the ‘hook’?
– Did the presenter achieve his purpose?
– What do you think of the quality of this academic
– presentation?

15. Training
For your topic of your choice, prepare a ‘hook’ that will catch
the interest of your audience. You will be asked to present
your hook in front of the group. The length should be
approximately 2-3 minutes.
You will get 20-30 minutes to prepare.

16. Signposting
• What you say - the content - is more important than
anything else.
• Structure helps
• When moving to the next point or when changing
direction, tell the audience.

17. Signposting
• Signposts to guide your audience through your
presentation:
To move on To expand on
To digress To go back
To recap
To conclude
To summarize
To turn to
To elaborate on

18. Signposting
• Neat, short signposts are more effective.
• Keep it simple
OK. So ……………..

19. Survival Tactics
• Common Problems
– Getting your facts wrong
– Getting the way you say something wrong
– Getting the structure of your talk wrong

20. Survival Tactics
WHAT YOU THINK WHAT YOU SAY
I’ve got my facts wrong. Sorry, what I meant is this ...
Too fast! Go back. So, lets just recap on that.
I’ve forgotten to say Sorry, I should just
something! mention one thing.
Too complicated! Make it So, basically, what I’m
simple saying is this …

21. Survival Tactics
WHAT YOU THINK WHAT YOU SAY
I’m talking nonsense. Sorry, perhaps I didn’t
make that quite clear.
How do I say this in Sorry, what’s the word/
English? expression?
Wrong! Try again. Sorry, let me rephrase
that.
So, just to give you the
I’m running out of
main points here.
time

22. Training
You are going to watch a video called ‘Bill Gates: Mosquitos,
Malaria and Education’ While watching, write down as many
examples of signposting as you can find. Also, briefly
comment on the ‘hook’ the presenter used in his presentation
and whether it was effective. Discuss what you’ve found with
a fellow student.

23. How to Use Visual Aids

24. How to Use Visual Aids

25. How to Use Visual Aids
• Introducing Visuals
• Commenting on Visuals
• Change and Development

26. Introducing Visuals

27. Introducing Visuals
• Visuals are:
• Highly memorable
• Reduce the amount of talking
• Used to speak for you

28. Types of Visuals
200.0
150.0
100.0
Graphs
50.0
0
North
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr West
East
1st Qtr
2nd Qtr
3rd Qtr
4th Qtr
Charts
Diagrams

29. Types of Visuals
200.0
150.0
100.0
Graphs
50.0
0
North
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr West
East
1st Qtr
2nd Qtr
3rd Qtr
4th Qtr
Charts
Diagrams

30. Introducing Visuals

31. Introducing Visuals
• If you don’t know the different types of visual,
simply say:
• Have/Take a look at this.
• As you can see here … and here … .

32. Commenting on Visuals

33. Commenting on Visuals
• Use visuals for situations, developments,
events and processes that would take a long
time to explain.
• Good visuals speak for themselves and
require little or no description.

34. Commenting on Visuals

35. Commenting on Visuals
• You often need to draw attention to one or
more key points before you discuss in more
detail:
• Highlights Which part of the visual
are most significant?
• Comments Why?
• Interpretations What conclusions can you
draw?

36. Commenting on Visuals

37. Commenting on Visuals
• Highlighting Important Information
• I’d like to look at …
• I’d like us to focus our attention on …
• I’d like you to think about…
• I’d like to point out …
• I’d like to draw your attention to …

38. Commenting on Visuals

39. Commenting on Visuals
• Commenting on Important Information
• As you can see, there …
• If you look at it more closely, you’ll …
• However you try to explain it, this is very
bad news.
• Whatever the reason for this, the
underlying trend is obvious.
• Whichever way you look at it, these are
some of our best results ever.

40. Commenting on Visuals

41. Commenting on Visuals
Interpreting Important Information
• I’m sure the conclusions to be drawn from
this are …
• I’m sure the lesson to be learned from this
is …
• I’m sure the implications of this are clear to
all of us.
• I’m sure the significance of this is …
• I’m sure the message here is …

42. Change and Development

43. Change and Development
• Vocabulary to talk about changes and
developments:
increase decrease shoot up plunge
rise fall take off slump
fluctuate recover pick up stabilize
level off remain peak hit a low
bottom out grow expand shrink
decline

44. Change and Development

45. Change and Development
• Vocabulary to talk about the scale or the speed
of the change and to comment on its
significance:
substantial rapid encouraging
slight spectacular disastrous
moderate disappointing steady
enormous
a(n) ……………… increase

46. Change and Development

47. Change and Development
• Except in complex technical and scientific
presentations, you don’t quote precise figures.
• Include important figures in a separate
handout or report at the beginning or end of
the presentation.
• When describing detailed visual aids, mention
overall trends and approximate figures.

48. Training 1

49. Training 1
• You’re going to watch Sean Gourley present
about ‘The Mathematics of War’ Watch the
video and discuss with a partner:
– What is your opinion about the the overall
quality of his slides?
– What struck you about how he talked about
his graphs?
– Were his graphs effective or not?
– Were there any slides that were particularly
ineffective?

50. Training (2)

51. Training (2)
You brought a graph with you that is relevant
to your field of interest. Team up with a
partner and, without showing the graph,
describe the the shape of graph to him/her
using the language for Change and
Development on the screen. You partner is
going to recreate your graph based on your
instructions. After you have finished, check
the graph your partner drew and compare.
After you have finished, change roles.

52. Training (3)

53. Training (3)
You brought a graph with you that is relevant
to your field of interest. Team up with a
different partner and describe the graph to
him/her. You are allowed to show him/her the
graph while you’re commenting on it.
Comment on the following:
• Which part(s) of the graph is/are most
significant?
• Why?
• What conclusion(s) can you draw?

54. Homework

55. Homework
• Prepare a presentation about a topic of your
choice.
• The presentation should be between 8-10
minutes in length.
• Pay special attention to ‘signposting’
• Use a ‘hook’.
• Include at least 1 graph.
• Your presentation should have a slide
presentation
• If you use PowerPoint or KeyNote, please put
it on a USB drive.