The document provides a history of educational technology from ancient times to the present. It discusses how early technologies like the abacus and textbooks helped transmit information. Over time, technologies like film, radio, television and computers were incorporated into education. Major developments included the introduction of mainframe computers in schools in the 1950s and personal computers in the 1970s/80s which allowed technology use to expand. Current trends include increasing computer usage and the rise of the internet to facilitate communication and access resources.

1. HISTORY OFHISTORY OF
EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGYEDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Where Are We Going &
Where Have We Been

2. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
EducationalEducational
TechnologyTechnology
Objectives:
 To identify events and devices of the
past that contributed to the
technological revolution.
 To examine the organizations and
their viewpoints that have shaped
technology use in the classroom
today.
 To prepare for the future in
educational technology by analyzing
current trends and advances.

3. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
EducationalEducational
TechnologyTechnology
“Technology is commonly
thought of in terms of
gadgets, instruments,
machines and devices … most
(educators) will defer to
technology as computers.”
(Muffoletto, 1994)
TEA

4. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
EducationalEducational
TechnologyTechnology
The history of “Educational
technology … can be traced back
to the time when tribal priests
systemized bodies of knowledge,
and early cultures invented
pictographs or sign writing to
record and transmit information.”
(Paul Saettler, 1990)

5. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
EducationalEducational
TechnologyTechnology
In ancient Greece, the Elder Sophist
used the term “techne” to refer the
process of applying knowledge
systematically to the practical art of
instruction. They formulated cognitive
rules, systematically analyzed subject
matter designed instructional
technologies and devised effective
instructional materials.

6. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
EducationalEducational
TechnologyTechnology
During the Middle Age
Advent of Scholastic Philosophy,
Pierre Abelard introduced a
technology of instruction which
was really a new method of
structuring and presenting
materials that helped set the style
of scholastic education.

7. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
EducationalEducational
TechnologyTechnology
Comenius, Pestalozzi, Froebel, Herbart and
Montessori contributed their own concept on
educational technology improving educative process.
John Amos Comenius was recognized as the
pioneer of modern instructional technology by
reason of his book Orbis Pictus (The World in
Picture) which was illustrated textbooks for
children studying Latin & Sciences.

8. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
EducationalEducational
TechnologyTechnology
Edward Thorndike and John Dewey
formulated scientific theory of learning
and the scientific method, respectively.
Thorndike gave emphasis to the use of
empirical investigation as a basis for an
organized process of learning. On his
part, Dewey introduced a method of
instruction in terms scientific method in
broad terms

9. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
The 19th
century paved in the
advent of effective technological
development including the production
of textbooks, use of blackboards and
improvements in writing implements
like pen and ink. Photography was
invented, giving a way to a movement
called “Visual Instruction”.
EducationalEducational
TechnologyTechnology

10. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
By 1920, visual media became
widely accepted. Then came the
publication of audio-visual media texts.
In 1926, educational films were
used as instructional media.
In 1927, Pressey wrote on
programmed learning through a
machine which tested and confirmed a
learning task.
EducationalEducational
TechnologyTechnology

11. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
By 1920, visual media became
widely accepted. Then came the
publication of audio-visual media texts.
In 1926, educational films were
used as instructional media.
In 1927, Pressey wrote on
programmed learning through a
machine which tested and confirmed a
learning task.
EducationalEducational
TechnologyTechnology

12. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
In 1932, the first instructional
television program was aired at the
State University of Iowa. About the
same time, the 16 mm sound
motion picture was developed and
this served as the educational
workhorse during the audio-visual
movement of the time.
EducationalEducational
TechnologyTechnology

13. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
During World War II, the U.S.
government encouraged the implementation
of technology of instruction for military training
programs. This gave impetus to a system
approach to instruction to include: micro-
teaching, individualized instruction, Language
laboratories, behavioral laboratories,
behavioral objectives, computer assisted
instruction and among others
EducationalEducational
TechnologyTechnology

14. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
History ofHistory of
“Computers”“Computers”
 Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC
 Calculators---1600s
 Punched Card Devices---1800s
 First Electronic Computers---1940s
 Mainframes---1950s
 Minicomputers---1960s
 Microcomputers---1970s
 Microcomputer Systems---1980s
 Internet---1990s

15. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
Ancient ComputingAncient Computing
HistoryHistory
The AbacusThe Abacus
Mechanical aid used for
counting and making
quick calculations.
Still in
use
around
the
world.
Find out more about the Abacus in Resources.

16. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
Early ComputingEarly Computing
HistoryHistory
Invented the first
mechanical calculator.
The Pascaline used cogs
and gears to solve math
equations.
Blaise Pascal

17. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
MechanicalMechanical
CalculatorsCalculators
Joseph Jacquard
 First “programmable”
machine.
 Used punched cards
(binary instructions) to
automate weaving loom.
 Punched cards were a
staple of early and
modern computer
programming.

18. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
Electronic ComputerElectronic Computer
SystemsSystems
 Used vacuum tubes in
electronic circuits.
 Used punch cards to input
and externally store data.
 Up to 4K of memory.
 Programming in machine
language and assembly
language.
 Required a compiler.
First Generation:1943-
1956

19. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
First Generation:First Generation:
1943-19561943-1956
World’s first electronic
digital computer.
Used to produce
WWII ballistic firing
tables for the U.S.
Defense Department.
Electronic Numerical Integrator
and Calculator (ENIAC)
Check out the ENIAC exhibit.

20. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
1956 IBM 350 RAMAC
Second Generation:Second Generation:
1957-19641957-1964
Visit the Computing History Timeline in Resources.
 Used transistors,
developed by Bell Labs.
 Up to 32K of memory.
 Programming in
computer languages,
such as FORTRAN and
COBOL.

21. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
Third Generation:Third Generation:
1965-19711965-1971
 Used integrated
circuits.
 Up to 3 million bytes
of memory.
 Lower cost, smaller
size, and increasing
processor speed.

22. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
 1971, Intel develops 4004, the first
microprocessor chip.
 Altair sold in 1975, the first personal
computer. It is a kit that must be
assembled.
 Apple Computer is formed in 1976
and sells 50 Apple I.
 Advances increase memory size,
Fourth Generation:Fourth Generation:
1972-Now1972-Now
Microcomputer Revolution Begins.

23. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
 Personal computers or PCs.
 Usually cost about $2,000 or less.
 Process over 1 billion operations per
second.
 “Stand-alone” or connected
to other computers as a
network system.
Fourth Generation:Fourth Generation:
1972-Now1972-Now
Microcomputers
TEA

24. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
Tim Berners-Lee
 Developed HTML and the World Wide Web
(WWW) was born.
1990’s1990’s
Connecting the WorldConnecting the World

25. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
Marc Andreessen
 An original developer of Mosaic, the
first browser software able to read
HTML.
 Co-founder of Netscape
Communications.
1990’s1990’s
Connecting the WorldConnecting the World

26. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
 Technologies of the Future
 Advanced robotics
commonplace
 Smart houses
 Wearable computers
 Holodeck virtual reality
 Truly individualized education
Check out Dave Moursund’s view of education in
the year 2015, one of the Resources.
The 21st CenturyThe 21st Century

27. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
The 21st CenturyThe 21st Century
 Only recently focused on
computers.
 Internet current primary trend.
 Communication with colleagues.
 Lesson plan preparation.
 Student resources.
 Access research and best practices for
teaching.
05:34.0TEA

28. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
EducationalEducational
TechnologyTechnology
Source information: NCES 2000 Summer Issue

29. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
EducationalEducational
TechnologyTechnology
Our Definition:
“A combination of the processes
and tools involved in addressing
educational needs and problems,
with an emphasis on applying the
most current tools: computers
and their related technologies.”
(M. D. Roblyer, 2000)

30. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
EducationalEducational
TechnologyTechnology
Has technology changed how and
what we teach?

31. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
EducationalEducational
TechnologyTechnology
Two trends of today’s society:
 Explosive increase in number and type
of technology resources available.
 Dramatic decrease in total cost of
ownership (TCO).
TEA

32. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
EducationalEducational
TechnologyTechnology
 CPU: Intel 4.77 MHz 8088
 Memory: 64K
 Storage: Single-sided, 160K 5” floppy disk drive
 Display: 12 inch monochrome
 Price: $2880.00
IBM unveils first PC in 1981.
Read about
IBM Through the Years
in Resources.

33. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
EducationalEducational
TechnologyTechnology
Change in educational philosophy
of what constitutes basic skills
 No longer just three R’s
 “Learning to learn” skills essential
 Lifelong learning
TEA

34. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
Four DifferentFour Different
ViewsViews
 Association for Educational
Communications & Technology
(AECT)
 International Society for
Performance Improvement (ISPI)
 International Technology Education
Association (ITEA)
 International Society for Technology
in Education (ISTE)

35. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
Four DifferentFour Different
ViewsViews
 Audiovisual Media Communications.
 Begun in 1923.
 Initially centered on radio.
 Quickly extended focus to include instructional
film strips and educational television.
 Today, it includes global satellite broadcasting,
two-way audio, and visual communications.
AECT

36. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
Four DifferentFour Different
ViewsViews
 “Branch of educational theory and
practice concerned primarily with
the design and use of messages
which control the learning process.”
(Saettler, 1990, p. 9)
 Publications:
 TechTrends
 Handbook of Research for Educational
Communications and Technology
Visit the AECT web site from Resources.
AECT

37. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
Four DifferentFour Different
ViewsViews
ISPI
 Instructional systems approach
based on Behaviorist theories
 “Systematic approach to
designing, developing, and
delivering instruction matched
to carefully identified needs.”
(Heinich, Molenda, Russell, & Smaldino,
1997)

38. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
Four DifferentFour Different
ViewsViews
 Publications:
 Performance Improvement Journal
 Performance Improvement Quarterly
Explore ISPI resources at the ISPI web site.
ISPI

39. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
Four DifferentFour Different
ViewsViews
ITEA
 Industry trainers and vocational
teachers.
 Schools should prepare
students for work force Learning
about technology as used in the
“real world” is essential.

40. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
Four DifferentFour Different
ViewsViews
ITEA
 Includes robotics,
manufacturing systems,
computer-assisted design
(CAD).
 Publications:
 The Technology Teacher
 Technology and Children
 The Journal of Technology Education
Find out more at the ITEA web site.

41. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
Four DifferentFour Different
ViewsViews
ISTE
 Primary focus encompassed both
instructional and support
applications of computers.
 Begun by trainers and educators who
predicted that computers would
revolutionize education.
 Influenced by technical personnel,
such as programmers and systems
analysts.

42. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
Four DifferentFour Different
ViewsViews
ISTE
 National Educational
Technology Standards for
Students and Teachers (NETS)
 Publications:
 Learning and Leading with Technology
(formerly The Computing Teacher)
 Journal of Research on Computing in
Education
ISTE’s website is one of the Resources.

43. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
Modern EducationalModern Educational
Technology HistoryTechnology History
 First instructional use of computers
was as a flight simulator used to
train pilots at MIT in 1950.
Mainframe Computer Systems

44. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
 First use in public schools taught
New York elementary students
binary arithmetic in 1959.
Mainframe Computer Systems
Modern EducationalModern Educational
Technology HistoryTechnology History

45. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
 Federal funds supported many
large-scale projects in
mainframe computer-assisted
instruction (CAI) in schools,
colleges, and universities
through the middle of 1970’s.
Mainframe Computer Systems
Modern EducationalModern Educational
Technology HistoryTechnology History

46. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
 Stanford University – first multimedia
learning station, Course writer
 Programmed Logic for Automatic
Teaching Operations (PLATO)
 BYU – Time-shared Interactive
Computer-Controlled Information
Television (TICCIT)
Mainframe Computer Systems
Modern EducationalModern Educational
Technology HistoryTechnology History

47. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
Designed to support personalized
mastery learning
 Individually Prescribed Instruction (IPI) -
University of Pittsburgh
 Program for Learning in Accordance with
Needs (PLAN) - American Institutes of
Research
Mainframe Computer Systems
Modern EducationalModern Educational
Technology HistoryTechnology History

48. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
National Education Computing
Conference (NECC)
 Created by mainframe programming
enthusiasts from universities
nationwide.
 First conference held in1979.
 Today is the largest educational
technology conference in U.S. with
attendance of 10,000+ people.
Modern EducationalModern Educational
Technology HistoryTechnology History

49. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
 Introduced in late 1970’s.
 Adopted by public school systems
during 1980’s.
 Apple II
 Commodore PET
 Radio Shack TRS - 80
Microcomputers in Education
Modern EducationalModern Educational
Technology HistoryTechnology History

50. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
 Early courseware developed for
mainframes were provided by:
 Large hardware manufacturers
 Software systems companies
 University development projects
 New microcomputer software
market driven primarily by
educators.
Software
Modern EducationalModern Educational
Technology HistoryTechnology History

51. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
 Minnesota Educational Computing
Consortium (MECC)
 Initially largest provider of educational
software.
 Funded by National Science Foundation.
 MicroSift, EPIE
 Provided courseware evaluations.
Software
Modern EducationalModern Educational
Technology HistoryTechnology History

52. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
15:05.0
 Authoring systems
 Response to educators quest for input into design of
educational software.
 Allowed educators to develop their own courseware.
Software
TEA
Modern EducationalModern Educational
Technology HistoryTechnology History

53. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
 Authoring systems
 Required extensive expertise.
 Extended time commitment.
 Expanded work investment.
Software
TEA
Modern EducationalModern Educational
Technology HistoryTechnology History

54. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
Computer Literacy
 Originally defined as programming
skills and tools such as word
processing.
 Today’s world can only agree that
the term refers to skills that are
constantly changing.
15:45.0
Modern EducationalModern Educational
Technology HistoryTechnology History

55. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
Seymour Papert
 Educational theorist mentored by
Jean Piaget.
 Developed programming language
for young children based on
constructivist theory of education.
 Raised national consciousness
about potential of technology to
change the educational system.
16:25.0
Modern EducationalModern Educational
Technology HistoryTechnology History

56. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
The Internet and the WWW
Biggest challenge for the public
educational system has been how
to prepare schools physically and
train teachers effectively for its use
in the classroom.
16:50.0TEA
Modern EducationalModern Educational
Technology HistoryTechnology History

57. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
What We’veWhat We’ve
LearnedLearned
 Computer literacy or knowledge of
computer applications is a moving
target.
 Teaching students technical skills
for today is valuable.
 More important are “learning to
learn” tools for tomorrow and years
to come.
17:20.0

58. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
What We’veWhat We’ve
LearnedLearned
 Computer-based materials are just
one component of resources
available to educational system.
 Integration of technology as a tool
to advance learning in the content
areas adds to the effectiveness of
other resources and teacher
created activities.
18:00.0

59. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
What We’veWhat We’ve
LearnedLearned
Development of technology
materials and integration strategies
is time intensive and should not be
a classroom teacher’s primary
responsibility – You’ve got enough
to do!
18:20.0
TEA

60. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
What We’veWhat We’ve
LearnedLearned
 Educators must keep pace with
technological advances.
 But often times technology
changes faster than the
educational environment.
 Business and Industry must do it’s
part in providing economical
technology solutions.
18:40.0

61. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
What We’veWhat We’ve
LearnedLearned
 Teachers will always be necessary!
 Definition of learning environments
are changing.
 Identity of classrooms must
change.
19:03.0
TEA

62. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
 Our models of effective instruction
must change too!
 Educators must be more than:
 Sage on the Stage
 Guide on the Side
What We’veWhat We’ve
LearnedLearned
19:40.0

63. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
What We’veWhat We’ve
LearnedLearned
Vet in the Net
Today’s teacher must be willing to be:
 A participating learner in the classroom.
 One who will take the same risks and
not always have the right answer.
 A veteran learner in a network of
learners called the classroom.
20:10.0

64. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
EnrichmentEnrichment
Activity 2Activity 2
E-mail your answer to
lspu_eductech1@yahoo.com
 Create a graphic organizer showing
the historical development of
educational technology.
 Discuss educational programs on
television: how effective are these in
enriching the educational process in
Philippine schools? What are their
flaws ad limitations.
20:10.0

65. History ofHistory of
EducationEducation
alal
TechnoloTechnolo
gygy
ReferenceReference
“EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY”
by Dr. Paz I. Lucido & Dr.
Milagros L. Borabo
20:10.0
Web LinkWeb Link
http://www.tcet.unt.edu/weblibrary2/overview