1. Educational technology has its origins in early human cultures that systematized knowledge and invented writing to record and transmit information. 2. Major developments include the printing press, photography, radio, television, computers, and the internet. These innovations have transformed education delivery. 3. There are different views of educational technology, including associations focused on audiovisual instruction, instructional design, technology/engineering education, and the role of computers in schools. Overall, educational technology combines processes and tools to address learning needs through standardized, reproducible systems.

1. Educational
Technology
“Technology is commonly thought of
in terms of
gadgets, instruments, machines
and devices … most (educators)
will defer to technology as
computers.”
(Muffoletto, 1994)

2. The history of “Educational technology … can
be traced back to the time when tribal priests
systemized bodies of knowledge, and early
cultures invented pictographs or sign writing
to record and transmit information.”
(Paul Saettler, 1990)

5. The invention of the printing
press in the late 15th century
gave rise to some of the first
forms of mass communication, by
enabling the publication of books
and newspapers on a scale much
larger than was previously
possible. The invention also
transformed the way the world
received printed
materials, although books
remained too expensive really to
be called a mass-medium for at A book is a collection of sheets of
least a century after that. paper, parchment or other material with
a piece of text written on them, bound
together along one edge within covers.
A book is also a literary work or a main
division of such a work. A book
produced in electronic format is known
as an e-book.

11. Recordings (gramophone records, magnetic
Cinema from about 1900 tapes, cassettes, cartridges, CDs, DVDs) from
the late 19th century
The 19th century paved in the advent of effective
technological development including the production of
textbooks, use of blackboards and improvements in
writing implements like pen and ink. Photography was Cinema 1900’s
invented, giving a way to a movement called “Visual Radio from about 1910
Instruction”. Television about 1950
Internet from about 1990
The notion of "mass media" was generally restricted to print media up until the
post-Second World War, when radio, television and video were introduced.

13. By 1920, visual media
became widely accepted.
Then came the publication of
audio-visual media texts.
In 1926, educational films
were used as instructional
media.
In 1932, the first instructional
television program was aired at the
State University of Iowa. About
the same time, the 16 mm sound
motion picture was developed and
this served as the educational
workhorse during the audio-visual
movement of the time.

15. •Abacus---Approximately 3000 BC
•Calculators---1600s
•Punched Card Devices---1800s
•First Electronic Computers---1940s
•Mainframes---1950s
•Minicomputers---1960s
•Microcomputers---1970s
•Microcomputer Systems---1980s
•Internet---1990s

16. Introduced in late 1970’s.
Adopted by public school systems during 1980’s.
•Apple II

17. Software
Minnesota Educational
Computing Consortium (MECC)
Initially largest provider of
educational software. Funded by
National Science Foundation.

18. Internet & the World Wide Web
The Internet (also known simply as "the Net" or less precisely as "the
Web") is a more interactive medium of mass media, and can be briefly
described as "a network of networks". Specifically, it is the worldwide,
publicly accessible network of interconnected computer networks
that transmit data by packet switching using the standard Internet
Protocol (IP). It

20. • While many schools restrict access to blogs,
WIKI’s etc…
…others embrace it.

21. Social Networking Tools
• 96% percent of U.S. students ages 9 to 17 who
have internet access use social-networking
technology to connect with their peers
(chatting, text-messaging, blogging, or visiting
online communities such as
Facebook, MySpace, and Webkinz)
– One of the most common topics of
discussion…education
– Nearly 60 percent of students report discussing
education-related topics

22. Four Different Views
Of Educational Technology
1. Association for Educational Communications &
Technology (AECT)
Audiovisual Media Communications: Begun in 1923. Initially centered on radio.
Quickly extended focus to include instructional film strips and educational
television. Today, it includes global satellite broadcasting, two-way audio, and
visual communications.
 “Branch of educational theory and practice concerned primarily with the design
and use of messages which control the learning process.” (Saettler, 1990, p. 9)
Resource: AECT website: http://www.aect.org/newsite/

23. Four Different Views
2. ISPI:
Instructional systems approach based on Behaviorist theories
“Systematic approach to designing, developing, and delivering
instruction matched to carefully identified needs.”
(Heinich, Molenda, Russell, & Smaldino, 1997)
Website: http://www.afc-ispi.org/

24. INTERNATIONAL TECHNOLOGY AND
ENGINEERING EDUCATORS ASSOCIATION
3. International Technology and Engineering Educators
Association (ITEEA) is the professional organization for
technology, innovation, design, and engineering
educators. Instructional systems approach based on
Behaviorist theories.
Industry trainers and vocational teachers.
Schools should prepare students for work force Learning
about technology as used in the “real world” is essential.
Includes robotics, manufacturing systems, computer-
assisted design (CAD).
ITEEA website: http://www.iteea.org/Resources/resources.htm

25. 4. ISTE
Primary focus encompassed both instructional and
support applications of computers. This group began by
trainers and educators who predicted that computers
would revolutionize education. ISTE is influenced by
technical personnel, such as programmers and systems
analysts.
ISTE website.

26. EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Uses Governed by
Techniques, Theories & methods Tools: Goal oriented problem-
from multiple knowledge domains Film, Video, Co solving systems
which are standardized and mputers approach
reproducible
to
Guide change agency and
Design, develop and evaluate
transformation of educational
human and mechanistic resources
systems and practices
effectively & efficiently
In order to In order to
Facilitate and Contribute to
leverage all change within
aspects of society
learning.

27. Our Definition:
“A combination of the processes and tools
involved in addressing educational needs
and problems, with an emphasis on
applying the most current tools:
computers and their related
technologies.”
(Roblyer, 2000)